高考英语一轮复习语法专项二非谓语动词课件外研版.ppt

二、非谓语动词,考点1非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。(2)目的状语可与soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto一般不可置于句首。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果,常用onlytodo。,*Iwassatisfiedtohearthenews.(原因状语)*Tocatchthefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.(目的状语)*Irushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere.(结果状语),【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构:only/justto.;too.to.;so/suchasto.;.enough(forsb.)to.,2.分词作状语(1)v.-ing形式:现在分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意。,(2)v.-ed形式:a.过去分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意。,b.源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。,*Notknowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere.*Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.*Absorbedinreading,wealldidnthearthesound.*Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.,【点津】把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系,区别现在分词与过去分词;不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果,现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果;准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;现在分词的完成式havingdone表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。,3.有些分词或不定式短语作状语,构成独立结构,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:generallyspeaking一般来说;franklyspeaking坦白地说;judgingfrom/by.根据来判断;considering./oconsideration考虑到;totellyouthetruth说实话;comparedto/with与相比较;tobeginwith首先;seeing.鉴于/由于;supposing假设,如,果;assuming假使;given考虑到,鉴于;provided(that.)如果;concerning关于,4.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系;独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。,(2)独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;名词/代词+形容词;名词/代词+副词;名词/代词+不定式;名词/代词+介词短语。,*Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.*Thepresidentassassinated(=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated),thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.*Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,_(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.,解题关键:use和逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作方式状语。答案判定:using,(2015全国卷)Thewallsarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.,解题关键:固定搭配enoughtodosth.表示“足以做某事”,todo作结果状语。答案判定:tocool,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2016全国卷)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_(create)specialdesigns.2.(2016北京高考)_(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.,tocreate,Ordered,3.(2016天津高考)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,_(make)airconditioningunnecessary.4.(2015四川高考)Afewmonthslater,while_(eat),shewouldeventurnherbacktome.,making,eating,5.(2015福建高考)SeveralyearsagoIreceivedaletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways_(bother)bythings.6.(2014湖南高考)_(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.,bothered,Tofree,7.(2015陕西高考)Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(改错)_,just后添加to,考点2非谓语动词作定语,*Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesexplainingthedata.*Theproblemdiscussedatlastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.*Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.*Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.,【点津】准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系;准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016浙江高考)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,Idlikeyoutolookatastudy_(conduct)inAustraliain2012.,解题关键:回到水污染问题之前,我想要你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。astudy与conduct之间为被动关系,由in2012可知此项研究已经完成,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案判定:conducted,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2016四川高考)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_(eat)!2.(2015全国卷)Itarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.,toeat,living,3.(2015全国卷)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmired.,built,4.(2015全国卷)Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.5.(2015全国卷)Itcarriesarticles_(write)byforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.,conducted,written,6.(2015重庆高考)Ilearnedthroughanotherwomanseyesthatmydaughterwasstillagoodpersondespiteher_(trouble)teenageyears.,troubled,考点3非谓语动词作补足语1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。,*Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.,2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。*(2015浙江高考)Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftener.,3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。*Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.,4.with复合结构常用形式:,*Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.*Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.*Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016江苏高考)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage_(hide)withinthework.,解题关键:message与hide是被动关系,应用havesth.done结构。答案判定:hidden,(2015天津高考)Hedseenus_(sit)bythelakeallthosetimes.,解题关键:根据关键信息词allthosetimes可知强调“一直坐在湖边”,故用固定结构seesb.doingsth.意为“看到某人一直做某事”,符合语境。答案判定:sitting,【高考题组】单句改错1.(2015浙江高考)ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming._,felt改为feel,2.(2015北京高考)Theloudmusicfilledtheroomandmadethemtofeelveryhappy._3.(2015北京高考)“Iheardyouplaytheothernight,”shesaid.“Thesoundswokemeoutofbed.”_,to删掉,play改为playing,4.(2015四川高考)Thegroundhogstilldidnthaveaproblemwithmescratchherback,andIgotanidea._,scratch改为scratching,考点4非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式:1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。,*Iadmitbreakingthewindow.*Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天很热,你想去游泳吗?,2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,mean,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。*IfIfailtoappearby7oclock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.,3.既可用动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,start,begin,try等。,*Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.*Irememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.,4.it作形式宾语,代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。*IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengdu.,解题关键:include后接动词的-ing形式作宾语。答案判定:introducing,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2016浙江高考)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo_(work)withstudents.2.(2015北京高考)Lightcanpassthroughwithout_(bend).,working,bending,3.(2016全国卷)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.(改错)_4.(2015四川高考)IreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.(改错)_,wear改为wearing,want后添加to,5.(2015四川高考)Wevebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(改错)_6.(2015全国卷)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaround.(改错)_,sing改为singing,looks改为looking,考点5非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。,(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoing;Itsawasteoftimedoingsth.等。,【点津】在语篇中,注意所填空前是否有it,并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it,从而快速判定所填空是否要用todo或doing的相应形式。,2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。*Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcite