xx届中考英语完形填空

1 / 28 XX 届中考英语完形填空 m XX 年中考英语备考名师精品资料 完形填空 一、解题策略指导 完形填空（ clozetest）是初中英语试题中必考题型。完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占 10 15，短文长度一般在 130 200 个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事类、说明类短文，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 完形填空有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干个词或短语，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词或短语，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；从所给的单词中，选择 适当的词并用其正确形式填2 / 28 空；也可以给出单词首字母作提示将短文补全；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的完形填空。 抽词的办法可以是有针对性地抽取，也可以是随机地抽取。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题 要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步： 1.通览全文，了解大意 答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点 是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那3 / 28 么由于空格的设置， “ 链条 ” 从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于 “ 只见树木不见森林 ” 而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。 2.综合考虑，先易后难 通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可 以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。 3.复读检验，消除疏漏 完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手 ，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，4 / 28 弥补疏漏。 二、范例解析引路 例一： ,_1_2_?Itisnot_3_4_.manypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis_5_6_theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare_7_8_9_intheUSA,EnglandorAustralia.Englishisvery_10_inourlife. 首先，通览全文。通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。其次，本着先易后难的原则开始填空，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。 5 / 28 1.选 B。 some.other(s).意思是 “ 一些 另一些(泛指 )” ； some.theother(s).意思是 “ 一些 另一些 (特指 )” 。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人 (特指 )。 2.选 A。根据上下文可知是 English。 3.选 B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。 4.选 D。由常识可知， English 是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。 5.选 B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English 在他们的工作中很有用 (useful)。 6.选 A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词 for 在此可表示目的、原因。 7.选 A。 inEnglish 是习惯搭配。 8.选 D。 “ 读报 ” 英语习惯说 readnewspapers。 9.选 B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国 (gotoacountry)或想在这些国家工作 (workinacountry)。 10.选 D。末句点题， 英语在我们生活中是 很有帮助的(helpful)。 最后，复读检验。将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。 6 / 28 最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！ 例二： parent,tell,call,celebrate,together,why,start,after,shop,newspaper (1)_ twantanyonetogo(2)_(3)_,beforechristmasweseemanyadsin(4)_andonTV(5)_usto“buy,buy,buy!”TheideaforBuyNothingDay(6)_inVancouver,canada.Nowpeopleallovertheworld(7)_california,theUS,(8)_andchildrenget(9)_toreadstories,singsongs,(10)_theydon tneedalotoftoys. 本文是向考生介绍一个特殊的日子 BuyNothingDay，因此第 1 空应填 called。既然是 BuyNothingDay，那就应该是不让人们 “ 购物 (goshopping)” 。第 3 空考查常识，BuyNothingDay 的日期是 November29，应该在 Thanksgiving之后，故此空白处应填 after。 “ 看见广告 ” 通常应在报纸上或电视上，因此第 4 空白处应填 newspapers。结合文意可知第 5 空白处应填写一个动词，并且能用动词不定式作复合宾语，此动词应是 tell，此处应用 “ 动词 -ing” 形式，即telling。第 6 空白处所在的句子是介绍 BuyNothingDay 的7 / 28 起源，是过去的事情，应用 started。现在，世界各地也像庆祝其他节日一样来庆祝 BuyNothingDay，因此第 7 个空白处应填写 celebrate(庆祝 )。第 8 空白处应填 parents 与children 对应。第 9 空白处应填 together 与动词 get 构成gettogether 短语，意思是 “ 团聚 ” 。第 10 空白处应填 why来澄清 “theydon tneedalotoftoys” 的原因。 三、实践评估自测 Sectionone (1) agree,leave,pay,taste,as,thank,place,thief,polite,come you vefinishedeatinga(1)_?Aretheymad? re(2)_“thankyou”(3)_inBritain.Forexample,it scommontotipinrestaurants,taxis,hotelsandevenhairdressers!Peoplegive10to15percentofthefinalbill(4)_(5)_.Thesedays,itcanbe(6)_ snormalnowtotippeopleevenyouhaven thadgoodservice!Thisnewcustomhas(7)_fromAmerica.TippinglikethishasonlybeeninBritain(8)_,l8 / 28 ikewindowcleanersandthepostmanasawayof(9)_,“tip”comesfromaslang( 行话 )wordusedby(10)_,“tip”meant“topassoneformanother”. (2) sleep,quick,others,visit,relax,last,possible,weather,popular,eitherEachyearmostAmericanstakevacations,(1)_foroneortwoweeks,andmostpeopletakevacationsinthesummertimebecauseofthenice(2)_.Familieswilloftendriveintheircarstothedestination( 目的地 ).ontheotherhand,ifthevacationspotisfaraway,aplanerideisthe(3)_(4)_(5)_placestovacationincludeDisneyWorld,resorts,largecitiesoftheUSA,whichmeansthattheywill(6)_intentsortrailers( 房 式 活 动车 ).otherfamiliesprefertorenthotelrooms,cabins,( 有意义的 )forrelaxationandfun,(7)_bythepoolandbakinginthesun,while(8)_prefertodoasmanyactivitiesandasmuchsite-seeingas(9)_.yearafteryear,Americansoftenreturntotheexactsamevacationspot;H9 / 28 owever,somefamiliesenjoy(10)_,avacationisagreatwaynotonlytotakeabreakfromeverydaylifebutalsotomakelastingmemorieswithfriendsandfamily. (3) deadhittakehappywithlonely afterpainsincestopevenallow re(1)_,orbeyourfriendwhenyou re(2)_.,itcanbe(3)_ EdnaalwayshopedtocomehomefromschooltoplaywithherdogBell.BellhadbeenapartofEdna sfamily(4)_(5)_Bellforwalksandplayingcatchwithhim.Bell(6)_tosleeponherbed.Bellwasherbestfriend. Then,onedaywhenEdnacamehomefromschool,BellBellwas(7)_(8)_. SometimespetsdieinaccidentslikeEdna t(9)_“puttosleep”.Thismeansthatthevet,oranimaldoctor,willgiveyourpetashotthathelpsherdie(10)_anypainatall. ingallthetime. 10 / 28 (4) kid,name,out,sit,festival,make,everywhere,every,they,long Nomatterwhatkindofmusicyoulike,inGermanyyou llfindsomethingtoenjoy. (1)_fourGermansplaysamusicalinstrument( 乐器 )orsingsinagroup. manyfamousmusical(2)_arefromGermany,likejohanSebastianBach,LuduingvanBeethovenandRobertSchumann.(3)_musicisstillplayedacrosstheworld. Thisgreatpasthas(4)_,(5)_! Whatdochildrendointheirmusiclessons?Sitdownandsing?(6)_. musicis(7)_inGermany.Don tforget(8)_(9)_(10)_inGermanyeachyear. (5) quietlovebeachlittlefrombuildcallsidenearcentury Formanyyears,Hawaii(1)_ofthePacificoceaninjapanandinAmerica,(2)_,thesundropslikeaballofgol11 / 28 denfireintothesea,(3)_,peacefultime (4)_thedramaticbeautythatgreetedthefirststrangerstotheseislands(5)_Tahiti(6)_andthewavingpalmtrees,Hawaii(7)_twothousandyearsagobutskyscraperhotelswereonly(8)_HawaiiforaweekendfromTokyoorSanFranciscoorLosAngeles.Whereverpeoplecomefrom,theyreallywanttoseetheoriginalbeautyofHawaii.Theywanttoseethe(9)_beachesandthemountains(10)_DiamondHead,whichisalmosthidden,bythetallhotels. (6) example,solve,feel,teacher,happy,five,who,they,like,about PoliceinBostonareteachingyoungchildrentostayawayfromdrugs( 毒品 ).Thepublicschoolsinvited10policeofficerstobe(1)_.Thegoalistomakeyoungchildren(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_,childrenplaygamesandputonskits(表演短剧 )(6)_(7)_.officerTinkersetsagood(8)_12 / 28 _(9)_Bostonsaytheyhavesucceededinhelpingto(10)_thedrugproblembyteachingchildren. (7) danger,birth,on,late,send,family,success,fan,mean,how jackiechanwasbornonApril7,1954,inHongkong,china.HisparentsleftmainlandchinaforHongkongashorttimebeforehis(1)_.Hisparentsnamedhim“chankongsang”,which(2)_“borninHongkong”.TheywantedtocelebrateasafetriptoHongkong. Atfirst,jackie s(3)_livedintheFrenchEmbassy( 大使馆 ).Hisfatherwasacook,hisfamilymovedtoAustralia.HisfathergotajobintheAmericanEmbassy.(4)_,backinHongkong,jackie sfather(5)_himtothechinaDramaAcademy(中国戏剧学院 ).(6)_todomanystunts( 特 技 表演 ),hebegantodo(7)_,jackiewenttoHollywood( 好莱坞 ),buthewasn tvery(8)_.Hewent(9)_tomakefilmsinHongko13 / 28 ng,in1995,jackiechanbecamefamousintheUnitedStates.Today,jackiechanhasbothchineseandAmerican(10)_,andhisfilmsmakemillionsofdollars.(8) expensive,address,pocket,number,receive,like,much,work,remember,easy (1)_,youcanputintelephone(2)_ande-mail(3)_.manypeopleusePDAsto(4)_(5)_e-mails. ,theywere(6)_.Now,(7)_(8)_. But,it (9)_(10)_ sreallyterribletolosethem. (9) every,use,when,mouth,life,ago,find,fun,because,one Ifweknewwhenanearthquakewasabouttohappen,thenwecouldsavemany(1)_.Infact,scientistsdotrytopredict( 预测 )(2)_( 有 规 律的 ).Asize8earthquake,forexample,happens(3)_8-14 / 28 10years.(4)_ofthis,iftheyknowwhenthelastearthquakewasinanarea( 地区 ),(5)_,onemighthappensoon!Inthepast,peoplehad(6)_(7)_( 公元 ),ZhangHengoftheEasternHanDynasty( 东汉 )madethe(8)_(铜 ),theballwouldfallintooneofthefrogs (9)_!Today,asearthquakesareonly(10)_alongfaultlines. (10) aswaypaymuchcosthavewhodecidekidprobable America(1)_,the(2)_oflivinginAmerica(3)_isverycarefulwiththeirmoneywill(4)_endupspendingatleast$1500amonthjustto(5)_(6)_tosavemoneytobuyahouse,acar,andpayfortheir(7)_collegeeducation,yourealizethatitcosts(8)_toliveinAmerica.Americansstillseetheircountry(9)_alandofopportunity,andmanybelievethatiftheyworkhardandmaketheright(10)_,theycanenduprich. (11) 15 / 28 skionetallfinddangeroffclimbusetiewhy Extreme( 极 限 的 )( 蹦 极 跳 )(1)_abungeecord( 绳索 )tohimselfonedayandjumped(2)_,sothepersonlived,buthetookabigrisk( 冒险 )to(3)_(4)_decidedtostandsidewaysononepieceofwoodtogetdownthemountaininsteadof(5)_(6)_“therush”(7)_extremesportmighthavebeenmountaineering,thefirstmanto(8)_mountEverest,(9)_heclimbedtheworld s(10)_mountain,hereplied,“Becauseitwasthere.” (12) offerchildespecialmoviefitpleasantfreenothingifteacher ,(1)_doctorsandteachers,seventoten(2)_channelsineverycity,andcableTV(3)_uptoahundredstationsforaround$:(4)_,news,sports,entertainmentnews,financial( 金融16 / 28 的 )news,thereareevenstationsthatshow(5)_,youcanget300-500TVstations.(6)_youhavetime,y(7)_ofthismuchtelevisionisespeciallytroubling.(8)_complainthatstudentsneglect( 忽视 )theirhomeworkanddonotreadfor(9)_anymore,anddoctorsnotethatchildrenwhowatchtoomuchTVareoftennotphysically(10)_. (13) goodorhavebuyeasycitymakeotherworkuse GettingaphoneinAmerica(1)_notjustone,buttwo(2)_(3)_itveryeasytoforpeopletogetinternetaccess( 接入 )(4)_,butnotasmuch,perhaps,asinthechina sbig(5)_.youngpeoplelikemobilephonesbecausetheycangetintouchwithfriends(6)_,butmanyadultsonlyhavethemiftheyneedthemfor(7)_.Somepeoplewhovalue( 重视 )theirprivacy( 隐私 )don (8)_,andoffertheability( 能力 )tocheckemail,sportsscores,newsand(9)_information,moreandmorepeopleare(10)_andusingmobil17 / 28 ephones. (14) littlethatfightideatroublewhatiflikefewtry Somepeoplethinktheyhaveananswertothe(1)ofautomobile( 汽车 ),Newyorkcity,somebicycleridershaveevenformedagroupcalledBikeforaBettercity.Theyclaim(2) ifmorepeoplerodebicyclestowork,therewouldbe(3)automobiles,(4),theywantthecitytodrawspeciallanes( 车道 ) Bettercityfeelsthat(5)therewerespeciallanes,(6).Taxidriversdonot(7)theidea theysaythatifthereis(8)(9)centralParkisclosedtotraffic,Bettercitysaysthisisnotenoughandkeeps(10)togetbicyclelanesdowntown. (15) noisebadwifeasadsnewsorcountcarrylife 18 / 28 DearEditor,Whydonewspapers(1)somanyadvertisementsforelectronicequipment?LastSundayI(2)adsforsev,therewerepagesandpagesof(3)forcitizensBandradiosandtaperecorders. Dontyourealizewhatelectronicequipmentisdoingtoourdaily(4)?Everywhereyougoyoumayhearloudmusicandadvertisementsoverradios;thiscontinual(5)isruining( 毁坏 )ttalkto(6)anymore;theyarealwayswatchingthe(7)(nottomentiontheirminds)withendlesshoursofwatchingnotonlytheprogramsforchildrenbutthoseforgrown-ups(8)(9),hiddenmicrophonesfindoutaboutourprivatelives,!Ithinkyoushouldlimit( 限制 )theamountofadvertisingofelectronicequipmentintheAtlantajournal.(10)itwillmakelifeunbearableforusall. jasoncollins Atlanta,Georgia 19 / 28 SectionTwo choosethebestanswertocompletethepassage. (1) maybemorethananyotherpeople,(1)_thingsincetheearlytwentiethcenturyandithas(2)_Americans (3)_outsideofthelargecitiestothesuburbs( 郊区 ).SomeAmericans(4)_(5)_,becausegasoline( 汽油 )usednottobeso(6)_.Recently,however,the(7)_ofgasolinehasincreased.(8)_(9)_(10)_countries,(2) Whatdoyouusuallyusemobilephonesfor?Sendingtextmessagesforfun?Playinggames?Wellmobilephonescando(1)_morethanthat.(2)_thisyear sAsiantsunami(海啸 ),mobilephonessavedmany(3)_.morethan10,000internationalphoneswere(4)_,?People(5)_thesignalandfoundout(6)_,howcan(7)_sosmallbesosmart?Wellhere show!Whenyouturnthephoneon, ,ifthesignalisweak,(8)_,italsosendsa(9)_, recallingthenputyou(10)_toyourfriend!(3) Peoplefromdifferentculturessometimesdothingsthatmak20 / 28 eeachotheruncomfortable_1_,_2_3inmostsituationsandspeakcasually( 偶然地 )about­­_5,lethimknow_7_ lllearnsomethingaboutanewculture. Americansmayinviteyoutotheirhomes_8_( 表面的 )_9_so,ittakestimetobecomegoodfriendswithpeopleinthe (4) TheAmericanandtheBritishnotonly(1)_,in(2)_AmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhenthey(3)_,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawomanoroffertheir(4)_toawoman,EnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,(5)_adinnerisforseveno clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorc21 / 28 allsuptoexplain(6)_(7)_thatmightmadeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable,( 正式的 )(8)_wasserved,oneoftheguestsstartedtoeathispeaswitha(9)_.Theotherguestsweresurprisedtoseethat,butthehostcalmly(10)_ (5) Itwasalreadylatewhenwesetoutforthenexttown,which,accordingtothemap,but2wemetnooneaswedrovefastalongtheroad,Iaskedjohn,myfriend,withoutwarning,butjohn,whowasapoorsleeper,inthevalleybelow,withgreatdifficulty,andtherewefoundahotelquiteeasily. (6) 22 / 28 manypeoplethinkthemoretimeisspent, (7) Busy1hewas,beforegoingtobedandbeforeandafterdinner. onmarch20,1957,whenhewasflyingfromNanjingtoShanghaionbusiness,he3thehourontheplanereadingEnglish. long5histravels. Whenhe6anewword,healwayswantedtoknowmore:whythewordwasusedhere,fromfirsttolast,wasfullofentries( 条目 ). 23 / 28 (8) TheAcronym,ourstudentnewspaper,reportsthattheaveragestudentgoestosleepat1:30am.1thatsanexaggeration(夸张 ),its2todo. Someevenpullall-nighters.Thesearelazystudentswhohavehomeworkdue( 到期 )thenextdaythattheyhaventlook3andyoucantellwhosbeendoingit. maybeourlackofsleepis4laziness-IthinkImafairlylazystudent-ormaybeitsbecausewehavetoomuchtodoinAmericanhighschools. I5gotobedaroundmidnight.IfIstayeduppast1:30am,Iwouldn7:30.I,I,ImiddayI3:00pm,Isaveragestudent. mostAmericanhighschoolsseemtohaveasimilar9withsleepystudents. Highschoolclassesstartat7:30,sostudsbelievedthatlackofsleepcandamagebothgradesandhealth. 8:30. 24 / 28 (9) _1_,hepunched( 扎 )small_2_acrossapieceofpaperwithastylus( 铁笔 ).Every_3_minuteshestoppedandranhisfingers_4_theraiseddots( 凸 出 的点 )on_5_6_andsaid,“Louis,areyoustillpunchingdots?you ”Theanswer_7_slowly,“Iknow, ve_8_,Gauthier.”LouisBraille,inventoroftheBraillereadingmethod(方法 )fortheblind,_9_10_, (10) LastWednesday,Spacemuseum.There_1_,_2_thespaceshuttle( 航天飞机 )tookoffinspaceandlaterlandedonearth_3_.Itwasvery25 / 28 excitingandthechildrenfelttheyweretravelinginspace_4_! Afterthefilm,_5_toseesomemodelsofrockets( 火箭 )_6_,buttheyweremuch_7_.Thenthechi