英语本科毕业论文-从唯英语运动浅析美国移民文化同化.docx

湖北大学知行学院本科毕业论文题 目 Analysis on Assimilating American Immigrant Culture from the English Only Movement 从唯英语运动浅析美国移民文化同化 外国语 系 英语 专业学 号 学生姓名 指导教师 起讫日期 2016.3 2017.3 工作地点 湖北大学知行学院 湖北大学知行学院本科毕业论文ContentsEnglish Abstract.Chinese Abstract.Chapter one Introduction1Chapter Two Literature Review32.1Related researches on assimilation at home and aboard32.2The English Only Movements related researches aboard3Chapter Three The Relationship Between English and Immigrant Culture Contributes to Assimilation53.1The function and role of English53.1.1 The essence of the English Only Movement53.1.2 The carrier of American culture-English63.2The tendency of assimilating American immigrant culture63.2.1 The WASP culture formed by the earlier immigrants73.2.2 The conflicts between WASP and American later immigrant culture lead to the tendency73.3The American immigrant culture will be assimilated-take American immigrant cultural value as an example93.3.1English only leads to the assimilation of immigrant cultural value93.3.2The important position of cultural value in America113.4The reasons of assimilating American immigrant culture11Chapter Four The Effects of Assimilating of American Immigrant Culture134.1It is conducive to avoid alleviate racial discrimination134.2It is conducive to immigrants to participate in American political life134.3It makes Americans become more tolerant14Chapter five The Conclusion.15Bibliography16Acknowledgment17目 录英文摘要中文摘要第一章 绪论1第二章 文献综述32.1国内外“同化”研究的基本现状32.2国外唯英语运动研究基本现状3第三章 英语与移民文化之间的关系促成了“同化”53.1英语的作用与其所扮演的角色53.1.1唯英语运动的本质53.1.2美国语言是美国移民文化的载体63.2美国移民文化同化的趋势63.2.1 早期移民促成了美国主流文化73.2.2美国主流文化与后期移民文化之间的矛盾导致了同化的趋势73.3美国移民文化将被同化-以美国移民文化价值观为例93.3.1唯英语促成移民价值观的同化93.3.2美国文化价值观的重要地位113.3美国移民文化同化的原因11第四章 同化美国移民文化的影响134.1有利于避免减轻种族歧视134.1有利于美国移民参与政治生活134.3使美国人变得更加宽容14第五章 结论15参考文献16致谢1720AbstractAmerica, as a country consisted of many immigrants, the earliest immigrants carried their own culture and integrated them into the culture that already existed in America, which formed the American dominant culture, also called WASP. The WASP refers to the dominant pattern of American culture; the connotation of it is based on regarding English as the main language and is the representative of the Protestant politics, culture, religious belief and value. The Protestants were born in AngloSaxon. But Immigrants today reserve their own culture, which leads to the conflicts between WASP and the culture of immigrant countries. In order to avoid the conflicts, assimilating immigrants is necessary. Assimilation first appears in A Letter from American Farmer written by Hector San John Dirk Leif. “The new people” in his book stands for assimilation. Based on this concept, the authors understanding towards assimilation is that the immigrants accept American language, national identity, sense of worth (American cultural value). In other words, they have the sense of acceptance towards WASP. All of these, American cultural value plays the key roles.This paper focuses on the assimilation of American immigrant culture value and tries to study and analyze the American immigrant culture from the American language policy. First, the author puts the English Only Movements as the superficial phenomenon of assimilating in American society and will analysis the American immigrant culture from the development of language policy and the aims, the essence and the results of the English Only Movements. Second, the author will take the assimilation of immigrant culture value as an example to state assimilation more clearly. Third, the author will do researches on the reasons of assimilating American immigrant culture and the effects of assimilating American immigrant culture.Key Words the English Only Movements; American immigrant culture; American immigrant cultural value; assimilation 摘 要美国，作为一个移民国家，早期移民带着本民族的文化不断注入美国已有文化，形成了独具特色的美国主流文化，美国主流文化又可被称为WASP，它指的是美国文化的主导模式，它的含义是：以英语为中心，是出生于盎格鲁-撒克逊族的新教徒政治、文化、宗教信仰和价值观的代表。但是当代移民仍然保持着自己已有的文化，这就导致了美国主流文化和移民国家文化之间的冲突。为了避免冲突，同化移民势在必行。同化一词最早是赫克托圣约翰德克雷弗克在1782年一个美国农民的来信中用“新人”的观点体现同化概念。在这种观点的基础上，笔者所理解的“同化”是表现在移民对美国语言，民族身份，价值观等方面的认同感。其中，美国移民文化价值观显得尤为重要。本论文的重点在于美国移民文化同化，试着从美国语言发展进程的角度去学习和分析美国移民文化的同化。笔者首先把唯英语运动看作是美国社会同化的表象，从美国语言的政策，即唯英语运动的目的，本质以及结果去分析美国移民文化同化这一发展趋势。其次，笔者以美国移民文化价值观同化为例进一步说明移民文化同化趋势。最后，分析其同化的原因和影响。关键词 唯英语运动；美国移民文化；美国移民价值观；同化Chapter one Introduction America, which is a country consisted of many immigrants, is full of various languages, cultures, values and so on. However, with the English Movements moving forward, assimilation gradually becomes a hotspot in American society. Some scholars even think that the change of American language policy will influence the development of American immigrant culture, especially the value. So unifying language has affected American immigrant culture more. In this chapter, the author will introduce the background and the significance of this research.With the deeper understanding of American languages policy study, sociologist tends to the implication of the English Only Movements. The content of it can be divided into two parts: one is to legislate for English as the official language. The other is to legislate for English as the only language in America. From the official language to the only language, American language finally is assimilated. The assimilating of language has given enlightenment to Sociologist. Due to the closer relationship between language and culture, the assimilation of American immigrant culture becomes a hotpot among them. Some scholars even try to look for the reasons which lead to unify American language. American immigrant culture value crashes into their eyes. In one slice of time, debate cant be intermittent. However, the position of American dominant culture cant be shook. There is no doubt that the new immigrants enrich American culture, but they cant change the pattern of American society and cant form the new pattern and nationality. So the assimilation of language is just the superficial phenomenon of the assimilation of American immigrant culture.Language is the carrier of culture. Language is also the acceptance and symbol of national identity. The social anthropologist Malinowski once said that language is the spirit of a nationality. For America filled with immigrants from many countries, language is particularly important. From 1980 to 2001, with the development of the English Only Movements, Bilingual education is abolished and is taken place by monolingual education, which means American immigrant language is assimilated. In other words, their own language may disappear no sooner. With the disappearance of language, what are gone with are the national special cognitive approach, cognitive origin, cultural characteristics, word view and value. All of these, what is more important is the immigrant value, which can affect immigrants behaviors. So American immigrant culture will be assimilated in a short time. The paper aims at analyzing the American immigrant culture from American language policy, analyzing the assimilation of American immigrant from the English Only Movements.From the angle of immigrant families, assimilation can remove the conflicts between parents and children. In a family, if parents are immigrants and their children are born in America. In some way, their children are American. Its the American education that the children receive and the culture they accept is American dominant culture (WASP). If parents still reserve their own culture, conflicts between parents cant be avoided. Besides, assimilating immigrants can help them integrate into American society more quickly. Whats more, assimilating American immigrant culture is conductive for the development of American politics and economy. Unifying American immigrant culture value can lead to American consistent worldview and view of life, which can avoid conflicts from various nations. Unifying American immigrant religious belief which is American national ideology can contribute to politic life.Chapter Two Literature ReviewBefore starting writing this paper, the author has collected a pile of books about assimilation; also the author has collected so much information in CNKI. Therefore, the author has a general knowledge of assimilations connotation and American language policys history.2.1 Related researches on assimilation at aboardAssimilation first appears in a letter from a farmer written by Leif. He used the word- “the new people” embody assimilation. In the late 1900s, the American distinguished historian Tenacan had given his approval for Leifs idea, but he thought what America had fused is “a mixed race”. In the early 2000s, Jewish writer Israel Zengerwell put forward that America is the smelter of the god in his works-smelter. It is a great smelter which has changed European various races. The concept of “smelter has pushed forward with assimilation. In 1920s, the movements called a hundred of American socialized the concept of assimilation. In 1960s, assimilation refers to various races in America adjusted themselves to accept culture which regarded Anglo-Saxon as the center. Sociologist Gordon in 1964 in the assimilation of American life: race, religious beliefs and the role of the original ethnic divided assimilation into several parts: cultural, structural, marital, identity, attitude acceptance, behavioral acceptance, and secular from the change of American immigrant society family evolution. George Eaton Simpson definite assimilation in its national assimilation that it is a process that people whose backgrounds are different live in a bigger community, in which people get rid of their intrinsic background and culture and communicate with each other. There are also researchers who thought that assimilation is to let each immigrant approve of immigrant-accepting social vaule and cultural pattern with diversified methods. Meanwhile, the immigrants should give up their sense of identity towards own countrys culture. There are few researches about assimilation in our countries. Huang Yaoqun gave a simple introduction to the experience and the environment of American races and the character of culture in “Under the Furnace Flame-American immigrants, nation and races”. And he also made comments on the Unit State nations concept, the process of formation and characters. Deng Shusheng, in the American Dreams - American Immigration Course and Ethnic Contradiction make researches on immigrants, American society transition, and the change of American immigrant policy and the historical destiny of minorities. 2.2 The English Only Movements related researches at aboardLanguage, as the basic ways of communicating, is always the hotspot among American scholars. There are also many various opinions about whether adapts Bilingual Education or English Only Education. American distinguished historian Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. of the time think that America is a country with many nations, the only way to link them together is the common language. In 1997, American billionaire K Angze in Silicon Valley organized a group named “English for the children” in California, aiming at abolishing Bilingual Education. In order to achieve the aim, they also drafted proposition227.There is a long history of the English Only identification. In the Bible Genesis”, the Tower of Babel story literally explains the reason of various languages in human society, it also explains a kind of concept: At the beginning of life, using only language is better, various languages mean worse, which was the punishment to humans from the God. As we all know, Bible has a great influence on European society. So at the beginning, European language culture believed in monolingual tradition and thought only one language is good. In fact, the tradition is a kind of ideology which has a great power and is the center of European language culture view.In ages of colonialism and early nationalism, there were many people who support the monolingual socialist such as Benjamin Franklin and Noah Webster. They stand for the early nativists thoughts. Facing the disordered situation where languages were mixed, John Adams was worried. In 1780, he proposed to the Congress to establish an American language study so that it can perfect, correct and promote English. John Jay (1745-1832) also expressed his wishes of unifying languages in the Federalists Collection”, the language he referred absolutely is English. Nativists regarded leaning English as a symbol of patriotism, and is also an important part of Americanization. And saying English means America. In early 1800s and 1900s, the nativists succeeded in making English as one of the necessary conditions for citizenship to become citizens. During the First World War, English is a major part of the American movement of thousands of new immigrants (McClymer, 1982). People who said other languages had to yield to this tendency.Chapter Three The Relationship Between English and Immigrant Culture Contributes to AssimilationIn last chapter, the author gives a general understanding of assimilations and the English Movements concept. That is helpful for learners to learn their relationships in chapter3. There is no doubt that relationship is important for two matters that can affect each other, because without that, we shouldnt have analyzed clearly. There is no exception to their relationships, for the reason different people have different idea. According to their stress points, the author discusses as followed.3.1 The function and role of EnglishLanguage is not only the important communicate tools for human being but also is the main cognitive channel. Its importance also embodies in its relations with nations. Language is not only the carrier of culture but also is the survival and development power of culture. Besides its the fundamental character of a nation, its also a lifeline of a nation. Meanwhile it has the ability to assimilate and unify society. In 1998, the official movement of English highlighted the importance of language in the nation and culture. Also, it prompted us to reflect on the language of social unity and assimilation function.Following, the author will analyze the function of English through the essence of the English Only Movement. Also, the author will introduce the role of language towards culture (language ideology, social value)3.1.1 The essence of the English Only MovementThe American language policy has two characters: one is to strongly maintain the center of English; the other is to combat and crowd out other languages. With these two characters, the English Only Movement comes into being. Literally, it focuses on the problem of language. In fact, the English Only Movement has a profound political connotation and historical roots. It attempts to achieve cultural coherence through linguistic unity, the essence of which is the publicity and catharsis of American nationalism that puts Anglo-cultural convergence concept as the core also is a challenge to multicultural trends and counter-action.First, the background of the English movement shows that movement is not accidental. From the beginning to the end of English official movement, it is one the behalf of a considerable number of conservative forces in American society. And it happened in 1980s when American social conservative forces prevail, Liberalism was replaced by nationalism. Various anti - mainstream social ideological trends caused by the civil rights movement in the 50 60s lost its former edge by the end of 70s. National autonomy, multilingualism, Doctrine, multiculturalism began to be questioned and attacked. For decades, the exclusion of the United States nationalism and the Anglo-Saxon spirit began to revive, boarding the political arena again.Second, the activists of the English Only Movement show that Movement is not a simple language and education. They claimed that English is the symbol of the United States nations. English is and must be the substantive characteristics of American society. Therefore, defending the official status of English is to defend American Independence and Unity. As the American present Roosevelt once said in his speech: We only have one flag that is American flag. We only have one language. That is English. We only have one kind of honest. That is the honest towards American people in 1907.Third, the purpose and concept of the English Only Movement has a history. Language as a tool and means of assimilation of alien civilization is not the initiative of English Activists. This concept has a long history, especially in America. Achieving cultural consistent through unifying language has always been the mainstream philosophy of the community, also has always been the tradition obeyed. After the American Revolution, Bilingual Education was merely to adapt Americanization education and a method of relaxing conflicts among nations.3.1.2 The carrier of American culture-English The concept of American society language ideology appears with the English Official Movement, it refers to peoples language conceptions of cognition, attitude, and opinion towards language. Schiff man calls it “language culture”. He points out the language and culture of a particular society is the important components of the social consciousness and is an important factor. So it is also the key to the f