一般过去时精讲.doc

作者：远离尘嚣 QQ：524761191一般过去时精讲一、一般过去时表示的意义：1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。如：I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。【动作】She was at home last night. 她昨天晚上在家。【状态】2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他一直乘公共汽车上班。二、一般过去时的构成： 含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构：主语+was/were+表语【常用的四种结构】1、肯定句：主语+was/were+表语。例如：His father was very busy last week. 他父亲上周很忙。They were at home last night. 他们昨天晚上在家。2、否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语。例如：His father was not very busy last week. 他父亲上周不是很忙。They were not at home last night. 他们昨天晚上不在家。3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语。例如：Was his father very busy last week. 他父亲上周很忙。Were they at home last night. 他们昨天晚上在家吗？4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?例如：How was his father last week? 他父亲上周怎么样？Where were they last night? 他们昨天晚上在哪？【注意】主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，用was,其它人称一律用were.变成否定句时，只需在was/were后直接加not就行了。变成一般疑问句时，只需把was/were提到主语前面即可。变成特殊疑问句时，一般是特殊疑问词后加一般疑问句，如果特殊疑问词是who，不用改变原句的语序。如：His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）How was his father last week? （先选特殊疑问词how,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把His father was last week变成was his father last week）His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）Who was very busy week?（只需用特殊疑问词who替换掉原句中的主语his father即可，不必考虑其它方面。）含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：主语+动词的过去时+其它【常用的四种结构】1、肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。例如：He played basketball yesterday.他昨天打篮球。I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。2、否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。【did not缩写为didnt】例如：He didnt play basketball yesterday.他昨天没打篮球。I didnt get up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30没起床。3、一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？例如：Did he play basketball yesterday ?他昨天打篮球了吗？Did you get up at 6:30 yesterday ?你昨天6:30起床是吗？4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?例如：What did he play yesterday ?他昨天玩的是什么？What time did you get up yesterday ?你昨天几点起床？【注意】谓语动词为实义动词时，不受主语限制，用对动词的过去时形式就可以。不论主语是什么人称，在变成否定句时，只需在主语与谓语动词之间加上didnt,并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。在变成一般疑问句时，只需在原句前加上助动词did，并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。在变成特殊疑问句时，除了提问句子的主语不用更改原句的语序，提问其它成分要把原句变成一般疑问句语序。如：He played basketball yesterday.（画线提问）Who played basketball yesterday.（提问句子的主语，只需用who替换原句中的主语he即可。）He played basketball yesterday.（画线提问）What did he play yesterday?（提问句子的宾语，用特殊疑问词what,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把He played yesterday变成did he play yesterday）三、动词过去时形式的构成：（一）系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。（二）实义动词（行为动词）的过去时分规则动词的过去时和不规则动词的过去时两种。规则动词的过去时见下表：原形过去时构成规则looklooked一般情况下在动词原形的末尾加-ed.play playedstartstartedlivelived结尾是e的动词，在后面直接加-d.hopehopeduseusedstopstopped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.planplannedstudystudied以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed.carrycarriedworryworried【注意】规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加ed如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上d 。“辅音字母y ”在词尾，变y为i加ed 。“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加ed 。不规则动词的过去时需单独记忆：下面是一些常见的过去时。am/is-was are-were do-did say-said eat-ate see-saw go-went make-maderun-ran take-took teach-taught tell-told write-wrote put-put buy-boughtbring-brought come-came sit-sat know-knew get-got catch-caught become-became begin-began have/has-had hear-heard四、一般过去时使用口诀一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didnt 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！五、一般过去时常用句式转换：1、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天他在操场上打篮球。（变成否定句）He didnt play basketball on the playground yesterday.【在主语和谓语动词之间加didnt,谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。】2、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.变成一般疑问句Did he play basketball on the playground yesterday.【在原句前加上助动词did,谓语动词由过去时变成动词原形。】3、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问What did he play on the playground yesterday?【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】4、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问Where did he play basketball yesterday?【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】5、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问When did he play basketball on the playground?【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】6、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问What did he do on the playground yesterday?【此题提问的是谓语动词及其宾语，用特殊疑问词what来提问，后面紧跟着助动词did，再加上原句主语，千万要注意，谓语动词处一定要用do，最后加上其它成分。】7、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问Who played basketball on the playground yesterday?【提问句子主语最简单：只需用特殊疑问词who换掉原句中的主语即可。】六、巩固练习：（一）写出下列动词的过去式。1.amis _ 2.do _ 3.go _ 4.have _ 5.isnt _ 6. arent _ 7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read _ 10.clean _ 11.live _ 12.study_（二）用适当的词完成下列对话。1. How was your weekend? It _ great. What _ you _ last weekend ? I _ some homework.2. What _ she _ last weekend? She _ to the beach.3. What _ they do last weekend? They _ to the movies.（三）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.2.Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday.3._ you _ (go) to the Great Wall last year?4. What day _ (be) it yesterday?5.The old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor.6.We _ (have) a party last night.7.We _ (visit) the museum and went home.8. How _ (be) the students? They were very friendly.9.He often _ (have) supper at home. Today he _ (have) supper at school.10.We had great fun _ (play) in the water.11.That made me _ (feel) very happy.12. _ he _ (have) lunch at nine? No, he didnt.13.They _(buy) a guitar yesterday.（四）句型转换。1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _ _ here last month.2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑