通用版2019高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇专题二第三讲阅读七选五稳准解题技法-画→析→找→验讲义.doc

第三讲阅读七选五稳准解题技法画析找验为什么是什么前面第二讲提到，阅读七选五最大的失分风险就是“连环错”。一旦造成“连环错”，失分就不在毫厘间，从而拉开考生间的分差。解答阅读七选五如何既快又准且稳，避免“连环错”，本讲在前两讲的基础上，技法再延伸！“画析找验”解题示范例(2018全国卷)1Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.2_36_ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.3“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful._37_ Its great to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”4_38_ “I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges.“Theyre learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile._39_”5So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better._40_ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me Im alive.”ASo why do we dance?BDance in the US. is everywhere.CIf you like dancing outdoors, e to America.DMy older students say it makes them feel young.EI keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.FDancing seems to change their feeling pletely.GThey stayed up all night long singing and dancing.第一步：画出文章结构段落大意及文章结构行文脉络第一段舞蹈的历史及内涵。总述总分第二段舞蹈的普及范围。分述第三段Lester Bridges对舞蹈的感受。第四段舞蹈学习者的收获。第五段Andrea Hillier对舞蹈的看法。第二步：析特征1析空格特征36题位于段首；该段点出了舞蹈遍布美国各地，贯穿各种活动37题位于段中；其上文点出作者喜欢舞蹈教学；下文是看到他们学习舞蹈，他感觉很美好38题位于段首；该段叙述了一对年轻夫妇学习舞蹈的经历沮丧而来，高兴而归39题位于段尾，总结该段内容。即通过这对年轻夫妇学习舞蹈的经历，来告知人们：舞蹈能让人积极向上40题位于段中；上下文应为并列关系Andrea Hillier对舞蹈的看法2析选项特征A.So why do we dance？问句引领，其下文应该为学习舞蹈原因，位于段首的可能性较大B.Dance in the US. is everywhere.该选项应涉及舞蹈在美国的流行程度，位于段首的可能性较大C.If you like dancing outdoors, e to America.该选项的重点为美国的户外舞蹈，位于段尾的可能性较大D.My older students say it makes them feel young.该选项涉及舞蹈的好处：让人感到年轻，位于段中的可能性较大E.I keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.该选项涉及对舞蹈的痴迷程度，位于段中的可能性较大F.Dancing seems to change their feeling pletely.该选项说明了舞蹈的效果，位于段尾的可能性较大G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.该段涉及对舞蹈的痴迷程度，位于段中的可能性较大第三步：依据特征找空格与选项的契合点36题该题所在段落点出了“舞蹈遍布美国各地”，这与B项所反映出的“舞蹈在美国的流行程度”为例证关系，故选B。37题该题所在段落的下文是看到“他们”学习舞蹈，感觉很美好，这与D项中的“them”为同一指代，且D项也涉及舞蹈的好处，故选D。38题该题所在段落叙述了一对年轻夫妇学习舞蹈的经历，A项“那么我们为什么跳舞呢”引领本段，其后的内容正好是对这句话的例证和阐释。故选A。39题该题为总结句，其前通过年轻夫妇学习舞蹈后，精神状态发生了很大变化，故此句应落脚到“舞蹈的效果”上，这与F项中的“change their feeling pletely”完全吻合。故选F。40题该题位于段中，其前的“I want to get better and better”和其后的“I find it hard to stop”都表明了“我”对舞蹈的痴迷程度，这与E项中所反映出的“我”对舞蹈的痴迷程度完全照应。故选E。第四步：验“正”析“误”1根据第三步做出的初步判断，把36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E代入原文后，五个答案皆符合上下文语境。2剩余的C、G两项在原文中没有提及相关内容，故为错误选项。课堂应用体验 运用“画析找验”解答下题(2018全国卷)1If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. _36_ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.2Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. _37_3Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.4_39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.5_40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.6There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!第一步：画出文章结构段落大意及文章结构行文脉络第一段晨练除了强壮身体外的其他好处。总述总分总第二段好处一：提高效率。分述第三段好处二：新陈代谢得到改善。第四段好处三：提高睡眠质量。第五段好处四：改善饮食习惯。第六段再次呼吁进行晨练。总结第二步：析特征1析空格特征36题位于段中，承接下文晨练好处多37题位于段尾，是对主题句(提高效率)的例证38题位于段中，是对主题句(改善新陈代谢)的阐释39题位于段首，为标题句。该段的主要内容是与睡眠有关40题位于段首，为标题句。该段的主要内容是与改善饮食习惯有关2析选项特征A.You will stick to your diet.句子简短，标题的可能性大，与饮食有关B.Your quality of sleep improves.句子简短，标题的可能性大，与睡眠质量有关C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.与饮食有关，选择健康饮食而不是快餐D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.没有理由晨练E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.晨练后能使头脑清晰4到10小时，与效率有关F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.晨练后一整天都会在减肥，与新陈代谢有关G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up！发出呼吁，位于首段的可能性较大第三步：依据特征找空格与选项的契合点(答案连线)答案：36.G37.E38.F39.B40.A第四步：验“正”析“误”1根据第三步做出的初步判断，把答案代入原文后，皆符合上下文语境。2剩余两项的错误原因：C项与A项在内容上有一定的相似性，但是C项和原文内容相差较大；D项在原文中没有提到。技法针对练(一)根据原词复现解题Passage 1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。I get so busy taking care of everyone else. I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. _1_ I have to get my health in check, not only for me but because I promised my 9yearold son. Ill make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss being thin, and its time to get it back.AThe other day I met an old friend of mine.BMy health suffers and my weight suffers.1解析：选B空后下一句中的health与B项中health为原词复现，将B项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选B。Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Selfconfidence plays an important role in dealing with our difficulties in our life. _1_ It is with selfconfidence that we can overe them and finally achieve our life goals. Without selfconfidence, we cant do anything._2_ We should build up our confidence, bravely face the examination and finally make our dreams e true. All in all, in our petitive society, we should gain selfconfidence to meet the challenge. We should have courage to fight against difficulties. We should trust in ourselves, stick to our beliefs and finally acplish our targets.AAs we know, on June 7th & 8th, well attend the College Entrance Examination.BIf we dont work hard, we wont succeed at last.CIn our life we often e across some difficult problems.1解析：选CC项中的In our life是空前一句in our life的原词复现。将C项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选C。2解析：选AA项中的Examination是空后下一句examination的原词复现。将A项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选A。Passage 3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Parents should help their children understand money. _1_ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example._2_Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. Its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to buy a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. _3_ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more plex ways of using money.Money lessons_4_ Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things. If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”Wise decisionsBegin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product a brandname butter and a generic (无商标的) butter, for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. _5_ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.AThe basic function of moneyBThe value of moneyCTalk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.DThe best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.EPermit the child to choose between them.FApproach money lessons with openness and honesty.GAsk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.1解析：选DD项中的shows an interest是空后句子中shows an interest的原词复现，将D项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选D。2解析：选A分析下面几段可知，空处为下一段的小标题。A项中的function一词在空下面一段中多次出现，因此该段的标题一定与function有关，故选A。3解析：选CC项中的bought(buy的过去式)为空前一句buy的原词复现，将C项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选C。4解析：选F由本段小标题中的lessons可知，该段讲的是有关钱的经验、教训的事情。选项F中出现了lessons一词，为标题中lessons的原词复现，且符合上下文逻辑，故选F。5解析：选EE项中的choose为空处下一句中chooses的原词复现，且该句符合逻辑，故选E。技法针对练(二)根据解释关系解题Passage 1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。The onechild policy has been changed in our country. It is possible that some of us may have a brother or sister. _1_ In a schoolwide survey about this question, most of my fellow students say yes. They are very glad to have a panion at home and therefore they will no longer feel lonely. In addition, they can learn to share things with other people and offer help to other people. The few others who say no to the question are afraid that their parents will love them less if they have a younger brother or sister at home.AAre you willing to help other people if you have much money?BAre you willing to have a younger sibling in your family?1解析：选BB项中的sibling意为“兄弟姐妹”，是空处上一句brother or sister的另一种说法，且将B项带入空中，段落通顺，符合逻辑，故选B。Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Brain scans have shown that different parts of the brain bee much more active as we shift (切换) our attention and focus, but even as we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your whole brain constantly worked to the greatest ability? _1_ The less brain activity you need to perform a given task, the more the brain as a whole is able to do.AInterestingly enough, the opposite is probably true.BWe humans use only ten percent of our brains.1解析：选A空前句子的意思：如果你的整个大脑一直尽最大能力工作，你是否会更聪明？空后句子的意思：执行一项既定任务时脑部活动越少，大脑作为一个整体能做的事情就越多。这种说法正好是对空前问题的否定回答，同时是对A选项的具体解释。因此A选项与空后一句是一种解释的关系，故选A。Passage 3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you heard about leap year? _1_ It normally occurs every four years. The extra day is added to our shortest month. _2_ When you see Feb. 29 on a calendar, you know that year is a leap year.We also call leap year the bissextile year (闰年). _3_ In our calendar system there is a need for a leap year because the solar year is actually slightly more than 365 days long. That extra day Feb. 29 every four years helps correct the difference between our calendar and the solar calendar.It is said that leap year was first made part of the calendar by the ancient Roman leader Julius Caesar. His astronomers had calculated the length of the solar year to be 365 days and six hours. So Caesar declared that an extra day should be added to the calendar every four years.However, Caesars adjustment was not pletely accurate. By 1582, a difference of ten days had developed between the calendar year and the true solar year. _4_ To correct this error, Pope Gregory ruled that every fourth year would continue to be a leap year except for century years that could not be divided evenly by 400. This may seem plicated, but it works.AThe solar year is the time it takes the earth to go around the sun once.BIt is a year that has 366 days instead of the usual 365.CJulius Caesar was an ancient Roman leader.DThis is leap years formal or scientific title.EThat is the second month of the year.FThe leap year was introduced in the Julian calendar in 46 BC.1解析：选BB项是对leap year“闰年”的一种解释，符合逻辑。2解析：选EE项(那就是一年中的第二个月)是空前一句中our shortest month的另一种说法，前后句子为解释关系，符合逻辑。3解析：选D由空前一句可知leap year也叫the bissextile year。D项说，这是leap year正式的或科学的名称，是在解释the bissextile year，故选D。4解析：选A空前一句提到solar year“太阳年”，A项是对太阳年进行的具体解释，太阳年就是地球围绕太阳公转一次所需的时间。故选A。技法针对练(三)根据总述关系解题Passage 1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。_1_ I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep a diary. I followed his advice and put down 100 words or so each day. One day I wrote a story and showed it to my teacher. He liked it so much that he read it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their words were a great encouragement to me.AWhen I learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties.BI found it interesting to keep a diary.1解析：选AA项说我学习用英语写作时，碰到过许多困难。空后面具体介绍碰到的困难是什么。因此A项起到了总领该段的作用，符合逻辑。Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。_1_ Some students are so worried about exams that they cant fall asleep at night. Some are discouraged and tend to lose heart because of their failure in exams. Others cant get along well with their parents or with their classmates. They always feel stressed and easily get angry._2_ First of all, we can turn to our teachers for help. Second, there is no doubt that munication is of great importance. When we have a talk about our problems with our friends or classmates, we can feel much at ease. Last but not least, we need to develop a positive attitude toward our studies and our life.AThere are many ways for us to deal with our mental problems.BWith the mental problems removed, we will keep in normal mental health and study happily.CIt worries me that many students have some mental problems.1解析：选CC项说，许多学生有心理问题。空后接下来具体讲学生们心理问题的具体情况。因此C项能够统领全段。2解析：选AA项说处理心理问题有许多办法。空后介绍了三种办法。A项与后文为总述与分述的关系，因此选A。Passage 3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。College life can bee a great struggle because students have to balance school, a social life, and sometimes a job as well. The following steps could help the grades of college students._1_ Why did your parents pay for your tuition or why are your parents paying their taxes for financial aid? Even when you dont feel like attending class, just go. You might get participation points, and the professor will also get to know you better. Many classes have inclass assignments, pop quizzes, and case studies that could only be taken in class. If you are not there, you might lose points.Stay organized. College is all about multitasking. Planners can really help you to balance homework, due dates and tests. You should try to get your work done early, and then you will have less stress._2_ If you had a job, you would have to go to your job at 9 am. and stay there until 5 pm. The rest of the day would be your own time. If you did the same thing in college, you would be great. Go to class, go to the library, study seriously, put away the books and go home at 5 pm. Once in a while you might have to work late, just like at a real job._3_ Everyone studies in different ways. Some can study with a lot of noise and others want silence. Some cant even study with music on and some need dead silence. Some like the library and some like to study with friends, or even outside.AGo to class.BMaking friends with your classmates.CBe businesslike about your education.DFind your own best method of studying.EAlways try to keep a positive attitude and have confidence.1解析：选A本段主要讲的是上课的重要性及上课的好处。A选项能反映该段主旨，起总述作用，故选A。2解析：选C本段主要讲的是我们可以像上班那样对待学习，该学的时候要努力学，该休息的时候要休息。C选项能反映该段主旨，总领全段。businesslike意为“工作认真而有条理的”。3解析：选D本段主要讲每个人的学习方式不尽相同，有的人喜欢安静，有的人喜欢喧闹，有的人喜欢去图书馆，有的人喜欢与朋友在一起学习。D项说找到自己最好的学习方式，统领了本段内容。技法针对练(四)根据并列关系解题Passage 1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Do you like to eat out? Do you like to eat quickly? _1_ Some people go to fastfood restaurants for these reasons. In the past, people usually went to diners (小餐馆) for these reasons. In fact, many people in the States still go to diners today for the same reasons.AThere are many diners in the States.BDo you like inexpensive food?1解析：选B由空后一句的for these reasons“基于这些原因”，可知本空也是其中的一个原因，B选项与前两句为并列的提问式的表示原因的句子，符合语境。Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。As we all know, the College Entrance Examination is around the corner and can be very stressful. In order that we can do well in the exam, I think the following tips may help you.First of all, its important to get a good nights sleep before the exam, and eat a healthy breakfast on that day. Getting enough sleep will make you concentrate on your exam. _1_ It also makes sense to believe yourself that youve gained the knowledge and that its all in your head for use. Last but not least, I think we should take a right attitude to the exam. Just try our best to do what we can do in the examination.AThe College Entrance Examination is very important.BSecondly, try to avoid nervousness and panic.1解析：选B本段具体介绍了三条建议，根据另外两条建议的标志词语First of all和Last but not least可判断，Secondly与这两条建议为并列关系，且符合段意，故选B。Passage 3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Teaching is one of the most rewarding jobs. _1_ If you want to be a teacher, you should have a passion for young people. If you are thinking about going into teaching for any other reason than this, you need to find another job.Teaching is difficult. Students can be difficult. _2_ If you do not have a passion for the young people that you teach, you will burn out quickly. Passion is what keeps an excellen