高中英语Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课+情景互动课课件外研版.ppt

Module3TheViolenceofNatureGrammar,1.LetstudentsgooverthePastPerfectTense.2.LetstudentsgoovertheIndirectSpeech.3.Usethemtoexpressyourselffreely.,Learningaims,Thepastperfectpassive,Leading-in,观察句子：1.Bytheendoflastmonth,theworkhadbeenfinished.2.MycomputerhadbeenallrighttilllastMonday.3.Beforefathercameback,thekidshadalreadygonetobed.4.ThestudentsofClass1wereveryhappybecausetheyhadwonthebasketballmatch.5.Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.6.Theyleftafterthedoorhadbeenlocked.,注意时态、语态和时间状语,now,past,future,过去完成,现在完成,过去完成时必须要有一个过去的时间点作参照，表明一个动作或状态持续到过去的某一时间点结束或还要持续下去；反之亦然，如果给了一个过去完成时，则一定还会有一个一般过去时的动作或状态与之对照。,当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式为被动语态。当句子的主语为动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某个时间以前（过去的过去）时，便被称为过去完成时的被动语态。谓语动词形式为“hadbeen过去分词”。,过去完成时的被动语态,Choosethecorrecttenseandvoicetocompleteeachsentence.,1.Afterthehurricane,Mary_(see)thattheroofofherhouse_(disappear).2.She_(return)homeand_(find)allherfurniture_(ruin)bytheflood.3.Arthurwassurprisedwhenhe_(arrive)homebecausethetornado_(take)thefeathersoffhischickens.,saw,haddisappeared,returned,found,hadbeenruined,arrived,hadtaken,4.We_(leave)thehousewhenthethunderstorm_(finish).5.He_(try)todrivebacktohishomebeforetheflood_(pass)throughthevillage.,left,hadfinished,hadtried,passed,Completethesesentenceswiththeverbsfromthebox.Usethepastperfectpassive,ifnecessary.,Aftertheearthquake,theydiscoveredthatseveralpeople_.2.Whenthehurricaneended,severalbuildingsinthetown_.3.Hisvillage_intheheavyrain,sohemovedtohisparentshouse.,hadbeenkilled,hadbeendestroyed,hadbeenflooded,destroydiefallfloodkill,4.Whenshewokeup,shefoundthatherhouse_bythethunderstorm.5.Arthurwasunhappybecausesomeofhisanimals_.,haddied,hadbeenfallen,destroydiefallfloodkill,Indirectspeech,Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom.”Hesaidthathelefthisbookinmyroom.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语一般要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。,直接引语变间接引语,直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：(1)陈述句(2)祈使句(3)疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）一、陈述句陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常可省略）。Hesaid,“Ileftmybookinyourroom.”Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.,二、祈使句直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，主句动词根据句子意义，可用ask,want,tell,order,advise等词代替，构成ask/want/tell/order/advisesb.(not)todosth.。1.Theteachersaidtothestudent,“Dontbelateagain.”Theteachertoldthestudentnottobelateagain.2.“Wakehimup,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmetowakehimup.,三、疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语可以改成以if/whether+陈述句的形式。主句中的谓语动词为said时改为asked，没有间接宾语可以加一个间接宾语（如me、him等）。1.Theteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”TheteacheraskedmeifIlikedEnglish.,2.Heasked,“Youvealreadyfinishedyourhomework,haventyou?”Heaskedif/whetherwehadalreadyfinishedourhomework.3.Heaskedme,“Doyouwanttostayatahoteloratmyhome?”HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtostayatahotelorathishome.,四、特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句时，可以保留疑问词，后跟陈述句。1.Heaskedme,“Whereareyougoing?”HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.2.Sheaskedhim,“Whomdoyouwanttosee?”Sheaskedhimwhomhewantedtosee.,在学习直接引语和间接引语的过程中，应注意三个问题：1）选用正确引导词2）语序（陈述句语序）3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。,【点津】,人称的变化:一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新,引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变,Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”,Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.,HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”,HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”,Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.,时态的变化,Hesays,Iwilldoittomorrow.”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变。Bettysaid,“Illbewaitingforyourcall.”Bettysaidthatshewouldbewaitingformycall.,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词的时态变化如下：,直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变。,could,might,should/would,didnthaveto,must,oughtto,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化。,时间状语:,【点津】直接引语变为间接引语时，在下列情况下时态不变。(1)直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变。(2)当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变。(3)如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述的是发生在当天当地的事，那么直接引语中的come，here，tomorrow，thismorning，today，yesterday等不必改变。,(1)Heasked,“Whichstaristhebiggest?”(真理)Heaskedwhichstaristhebiggest.(2)“AnothernewhospitalhadbeenbuiltwhenIwentbacktomyhometownlastyear.”hesaid.Hesaidthatanothernewhospitalhadbeenbuiltwhenhecamebacktohishometowntheyearbefore.(3)LiMingsaid,“Iwasbornin1946andjoinedthearmyin1966.”LiMingsaidthathewasbornin1946andjoinedthearmyin1966.,1.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome._2.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid._,【即学即练】句型转换（直接引语变为间接引语）,Heaskedmetoclosethewindow.,Jacksaidhewasateacher.,Languagepointsruinv.毁灭,毁坏,破产；n.毁灭,废墟(要用复数),崩溃Shereturnedhomeandfoundallherfurniturehadbeenruinedbytheflood.她回到家发现所有的家具被洪水毁坏了。Wesawtheruinsofthechurch.我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。Therainruinedmypainting.这场雨把我的画给毁了。,【辨析】damage,destroy,ruin破坏、毁坏damagen.&v.价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复。Theheavyraindamagedmanyhouses.destroy彻底毁坏,使之不复存在或无法修复。Thattownwasdestroyedinabigfire.ruinn.&v.彻底破坏,表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西,使其失去有用的价值。Thefireruinedthebooksinthelibrary.inruins成为废墟，严重破坏,改错：1.Onhearingthenewsthatherlostdaughterhadfoundtheexcitedmotherburstouttears.been2.GeorgeandLucygetmarriedlastweek.Didyougotgotothewedding?No,Ihadntbeeninvite.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?invited,Classexercises,into,3.Thenewsuspensionbridgehadbeendesignedattheendoflastmonth.by4.ThepolicemansattentionwassuddenlycatchbyacaughtsmallboxwhichhadbeenplacedundertheMinisterscar.5.Attheendofthemeeting,it