where的用法与高考考点精讲.doc

where 的用法与高考 纵观历年高考题，我们不难发现，where一词非常活跃,尤其是近两年的高考题，从不同角度加大了对where的考察力度。where的用法灵活多变,表现在它可以引导多种从句，请看下面的句子：Where he was born is unknown to us.(主语从句)He told me where he was born.(宾语从句)This is where he was born.(表语从句)I have no idea where he was born. (同位语从句)This is the place where he was born.(定语从句)He works where he was born. (地点状语从句)No matter where you go ,Ill wait for you here.(让步状语从句) 下面结合相关试题，将where的用法分类总结，望有助于同学们学习和掌握其用法。一作连接副词，引导名词性从句I. 引导主语从句1._ we shall spend our holiday this summer _ decided.A. why, is not B. when , has not C. where, has not been D. That, hadnt此题选C。意为“我们今年夏天将在哪里度假还未决定下来。”where引导主语从句Where we shall spend our holiday this summer，在从句中作状语。有时为了平衡句子，避免句子头重脚轻，使用形式主语it，指代where引导的主语从句。如：Its really no business of yours where I spent my summer.我们在哪里度假确实与你无关。II. 引导宾语从句2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? ( 1990 )A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put3.Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. ( 1988 )A. where he is most needed B. where he neededC. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly neededIII. 引导表语从句4.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. ( 1992. 33 )A. there B. where C. there where D. where there此题选B。意为“去拿你的上衣去吧，它就在你原来放的地方。”有时where表抽象的含义，不同的情况下译法也不同。如：Thats where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。Thats where we stand. 这就是我们的立场。Thats where you are wrong. 你的错就在这儿。5.- Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?- No, thats _ they are mistaken. A. where B. when C. so D. how6.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.(2004.全国I.31 )A. why B. where C. what D. howIV. 引导同位语从句7.The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question _ we were to get the proofs _.A. what, needed B. where, to need C. what, to need D. where, needed此题选D。“建议被提了出来，然后就出现了这个问题：我们将在哪儿获得所需要的证据。”where we were to get the proofs 是question的同位语从句，对其进行解释说明，needed 是proofs 的后置定语，相当于从句“which were needed”。二作关系副词，引导定语从句where引导定语从句，其前有表示地点的先行词，where在从句中作状语,可用 “介词which”替换。该用什么介词，需根据先行词的具体情况而定。例如：8.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (1996.16 )A. which B. where C. that D. when答案是B。“在巴黎住了50年以后，他回到了他小时候生长的小镇。”因为先行词“the small town”指地点，且定语从句中缺状语，故应选关系副词where，相当于in which。选择引导定语从句的关系词时，不能只看先行词，误认为先行词表示地点就选关系副词where ，做这类题的关键要看定语从句里缺少什么成分，当从句中缺少主语，宾语时，应用that或 which, 缺少地点状语时，应用where引导定语从句。试比较下面两个句子：This is the place _ I worked last year.This is the place _ I visited last year.第一句定语从句里缺少地点状语，即I worked (in the place) last year,填where或in which,第二句定语从句里缺少visited的宾语，即I visited (the place) last year, 故填which, that或省略。9.I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. ( 1986 NMET )A. what B. which C. that D. where10.There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.( 2004.全国II.23 )A. where B. which C. when D. that 11.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.(2005.上海.40 )A. that B. which C. when D. where有些名词作先行词时表抽象的地点，其后也可由where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语。这类抽象的地点名词有：point, position , situation, condition, state，scene, business, stage等。例如： 12.Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006.山东.26 )A. where B. that C. when D. which此题应选A, 整个句子可分解为：Were just trying to reach a point ；at the point both sides will sit down together and talk. 由where引导从句，相当于at which, 本题意为“我们正在尽力去达到一种双方能坐在一起谈判的程度或地步。”13.Each player of chess is trying to trap the other players king into a position _ escape is impossible.A. when B. that C. in which D. from which（= where）14.He found himself in a difficult situation _ he had to make a choice between the two subjects.A. where B. which C. while D. why15. I work in a business _ almost everyone is faced with great challenge.A. how B. which C. where D. that在定语从句中，where还可以作介词的宾语，即：由“介词+where”引导定语从句。例如：She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。（引导定语从句）划线部分相当于, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which, 此句中的先行词是the top of the hill，而不是the hill,从句中表达的意思是“从山顶望去”而不是“从山上望去”，where代替on the top of the hill，在从句中作介词的宾语。又如：16.His head soon appeared out of a window, _ he could see an elephant in the distance.A. from where B. which C. from that D. where三作从属连词，引导副词性从句I. 引导地点状语从句where引导地点状语从句时，where从句用来修饰主句的谓语动词，意为“在（到）的地方”。例如：17.After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. (1997. 20 )A. that B. where C. which D. when答案是B。“战后，一座新的学校在剧院的旧址上建了起来。” where引导地点状语从句表示主句谓语was put up的地点。再看下面的例子：18.- Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.(2006.四川.23 )A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where答案选D。句意为：他（医生）建议我住在空气更新鲜的地方。where引导的是地点状语从句，相当于定语从句中的in the place where，即：He advised me to live in the place where the air is fresher.可见，从涵义上讲，where等同于in / on / at / to the place where 。19.When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.( 1986 )A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where20.You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. ( 1999. 18 )A. when B. where C. then D. there21.She found her calculator _ she lost it. ( 2000.上海.夏 )A. where B. when C. in which D. that22.The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.( 2002.上海春)A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever23.If you are traveling _the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.( 2006.天津.5 )A. in which B. what C. when D. where有时地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的意义，这时地点状语从句要放在主句之前。例如：Where bees are, there is honey.哪儿有蜜蜂哪儿就有蜜。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方，就有生命。Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪。（事出有因）II. 引导让步状语从句Na matter where 引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever, 意为“不管在哪里，无论何地”。如：No matter where he goes, Ill go, and I dont care what happens.=Wherever he goes, Ill go, and I dont care what happens.四正确运用where的注意事项I.正确分析句子的结构为了增强试题的迷惑性，加大试题的难度，命题者越来越注重使用复杂的句式。例如：24.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. ( 2005.江苏.32 )A. which, where B. at which, which C. at which, where D. which, in which此题选C。“这座桥应建在河流交叉口交通最繁忙的地方。” 本题主句为：The place should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. 第一个空填at which 或where,引导the place的定语从句：at which the bridge is supposed to be built；第二个空填where，引导表语从句。25.Could it be in the room _ we had a talk last night _ you left your keys?that, where B. in which, where C. where, that D. where, where正确答案是C。“可能是在我们昨天晚上谈话的房间里你丢了钥匙吗？”第一个空填where，引导定语从句，说明是在哪个房间；第二个空填that，构成强调结构的疑问形式：Could it be in the room that you left your keys?26.- Do you still remember where we met for the first time? - Of course. Its in the hotel _ you stayed.A. that B. where C. which D. when此题迷惑性较强，很容易使学生误认为这是强调结构，从而错选A项。我们先看看此题的译文：- 你还记得我们第一次见面是在哪儿吗？- 当然记得。是在你当时住的旅馆里（我们见的面）。我们再看补充完整后的答语：Its in the hotel where you stayed that we met for the first time.由此可知，正确的答案为B。若选A项。句子就成了Its in the hotel that you stayed. 若去掉此强调结构中的 “It is that”后，即：You stayed in the hotel. 意为“你住在旅馆里”，显然答非所问。II. 看清句子所缺的成分搞清楚句子缺什么成分是作对题的关键。在下面的题目中where是以干扰项出现的：27.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. (2004.天津.35 )A. what B. which C. that D. where （宾语从句中缺主语）28.In an hour, we can travel to places _would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（2006.上海.37 )A. where B. when C. which D. what （定语从句中缺主语）29.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. ( 2005.上海.39 )A. where B. when C. that D. until （从句为时间状语从句）30.- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?- Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. ( 2006.江西.33 )A. why B. where C. how D. / （定语从句中缺宾语）巩固练习：1. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. which2. Go and get your umbrella. Its still _ you left it.A. there B. in which C. where D. in the place3. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _ lives his uncle.A. which B. who C. where D. that 4. Is this the town _ he visited his friend the other day?A. that B. / C. the one D. where5. Nowadays teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _, as the name says, eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where6. A new school building is under construction, so we cant walk _ we liked as before.A. as B. where C. which D. when7. This photo of mine was taken _ stood the famous high tower. A. which B. in which C. where D. there8. I kept this picture _ I can see it everyday as it reminds me of my university days.A. in