英语连词及其用法.ppt

英语连词(1),2011-03-23,一、并列连词,1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等，词性统一，在句子中要使用对等成分，不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有：and，eitheror，neithernor，aswellas，bothand，notonlybutalso。如：Thisisanoldclockthatisnotonlyveryhandsomebutalsoaccurate2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，orelse，otherwise，ratherthan，eitheror。如：Youshouldgetthelicenserightaway，oryoullhavetopayafine,3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary。如：Sheisafunnygirl，yetyoucanthelplikingher4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。如：Itwasrainingheavily，sothesportsmeetingwaspostponed,二、从属连词,1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外，还包括：assoonas，themoment（一就），theminute，theinstant，once，immediately（一就），nosoonerthan（一就），hardlywhen（刚就）。如：Hetoldmethenewsimmediatelyhegotit2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个：where和wherever。如：Wherethereisalife，thereisahope3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除if，unless和ifonly（要是就好了），还有：provided（that），providing（that），supposing（that），suppose，incase（that），aslongas（只要），onconditionthat。如：IfonlyIhadmoremoney，Icouldbuysomenewclothes,4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：sothat，that，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase（that）。例如：Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，because，since，inthat，nowthat（既然），seeingthat（鉴于）。例如：Seeingthatitiseightoclock，wellwaitnolonger6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，asas，less（more）than，themorethemore。例如：Themorewecandoforyou，thehappierwewillbe,7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，asif（好像），asthough（好像）。例如：Heatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifitwereafluid8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：sothat，suchthat，so（that）。例如：Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonewouldliketotrusthim9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：though，although，evenif，eventhough，while，as，whatever，however，whoever，nomatter（不管）。例如：Hardashetried，hefailedtopasstheexam,三、连接代词和连接副词,这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有：that，which，what，who，whose等；连接副词有：when，where，how，why等。,四、关系代词和关系副词,这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括：who，that，which，as，whose，whom等。关系副词包括：when，where，why，how等。关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用：其一，它们连接着主句和从句；其二，它们代表着主句的一个先行词（which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子）；其三，它们又在从句中充当成分。,特殊的连词,一.由动词转化成的连词1.suppose（如果，假使）引导条件状语从句。例如：Supposeitrains，whatshallwedo？如果天下雨，我们该怎么办？2.save（除了，只是）引导状语从句，表示伴随状况。例如：Asimilartimetablehasbeenused，savethatthemorningbreakisshorter.已经采用了差不多相同的时间表，只是早上的休息时间缩短了。,二.由分词转化成的连词1.现在分词由现在分词转化成的连词有seeing（考虑到），supposing（假定），providing（如果的话），considering（考虑到）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：（1）Hecanstayhereprovidingheworks.如果他工作的话，他可以留在这儿。（2）Supposingthatyouvemadesomeprogress，youshouldnotbeproud.假定你有了一些进步，你也不应该骄傲自大。（3）Consideringtheyarenewcomers，theyvedoneverywell.考虑到他们是新来的，他们已经做得很好了。,2.过去分词由过去分词转化成的连词有provided（如果的话；以为条件），granted（假定；即使）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：（1）Youmaygo，providedyourworkisdone.如果你的工作做完了，你就可以走了。（2）Grantedthathehasenoughmoneytobuythehouse，itdoesntmeanhesgoingtodoso.即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子，他也不一定会这么做。,三.由副词转化成的连词directly和immediately均表示“一就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：（1）DirectlyIhaddoneit，IknewIhadmadeamistake.我刚做完这件事，就知道出错了。（2）IcameimmediatelyIdeaten.我一吃完就来了。,四.由名词转化成的连词由名词转化过来的连词，前面一般都有定冠词。1.themoment，theinstant，theminute这几个词组都表示“一就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：（1）Iwillmeetyoutheinstantyouarrive.你一到我就去见你。（2）Themomentyouleave，pleasetellme.你一动身就请告诉我。2.thefirst（或second，next，last）time（或moment）表示“在某一次的时候”，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：IlikedherthefirsttimeImether.第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。,五.介词短语转化成的关联连词常见的有forfearthat（唯恐），incasethat（假使），inorderthat（为了），onconditionthat（如果），withtheresultthat（结果）等，可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如：（1）Hehurriedhomeforfearthathemightmisshisguests.他急忙赶回家，唯恐见不到他的客人。（2）IncaseImlate，startwithoutme.如果我来晚了，你们不必等我。（3）IwasinthebathwiththeresultthatIdidnthearthetelephone.我正在浴室里洗澡，结果没有听见电话铃响。（4）Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattendtheopeningceremony.为了能及时参加开幕典礼，他们乘飞机到了那里。,常用的英语连词,1)先后次序关系：atthistime;first;second;atlast;next；previously;simultaneously;eventually；lastbutnotleast；tobeginwith；tostartwith；toendwith；finally；seeing.；sincethen；firstofall；afterwards;followingthis;precedingthis.2)因果关系：because；becauseofthis；beingthat；anotherimportantfactorreasonof.；since；as；for；inthat.；owingto；dueto；forthereasonthat.；inviewof；thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout.；forthisreason;asaresultofthis；therefore；.andso.；consequently；asaresult；thus；hence；so；sothat.；inconsequence；asaconsequence；accordingly;inevitably;undertheseconditions;thereupon.,3)转折关系：but；evenso；however；though；eventhough；independentof；recklessof；despitethat；inspiteofthat；regardlessof;yet.；andyet；but，unless.4)并列关系：and;also；too；aswellas；either.，or.；both.and.5)(补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover；further；Inthisway；still；notonly.butalso.；not.but.；inaddition(to)；additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides；asfaras.isconcerned;moreover；inotherwords；alongthislineofconsideration；ontheonehand.，ontheotherhand.；even；asapoplarsayinggoes.；inordertodoit.;meanwhile；atthesametime；accordingly；Inthefirstplace.，inthesecondplace.;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.,6)比较关系：similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith；whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact.;like.；likewise；similarlyimportant；apartfrom(doing).；.ratherthan.，bydoingso；bothand.;inthesameway;notonly.but(also).7)对照(不同点)：yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding;rather;neither.nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround；yet;conversely；unlike；opposedto;asopposedto；incontrast(to)；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis；asopposedtothis；nevertheless;contraryto；whereas；while；butontheotherhand.,8)举例关系:forexample；forinstance；inthiscase;namely；asyouknow；youmayassay；asheexplains；like；suchas；acaseinpointis.;consider.；inparticular；including.；foronething.，foranother.；putitsimply；statedroughly；asanillustration，Iwillsay.；agoodexample(of.)wouldbe.；todetailthis，Iwouldliketo.；Itisinterestingtonotethat.；inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample(something)；asfor;asregards；asto；accordingto;onthisoccasion.9)强调关系：infact;especially；particularly；moreover；naturally;whatismoreimportant；inreality；certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular；nottomention.；believeitornot；undeniably;otherthingbeingequal；itiscertainsurethat.；tobestrict;tobetrue；bydefinition;definitely;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent;withoutreservation;obviously,notonly.but(also.),both.and.,10)条件关系:if；unless;lest；providedthat；ifitisthecase；inthissense；once.；ifpossible；ifnecessary；ifso；ifnotall;ifanything.11)归纳总结类：inotherwords；onthewhole;insum;therefore；hence；inshort；inbrief；tosumup；inconclusion;insummary；toconclude；theconclusioncanbedrawnthat.;forthisreason;inshort.12)地点关系：beyond;oppositeto;adjacentto;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.13)目的关系：withthisobject;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount;incase;withaviewto;forthesamereason.,14)重申关系：inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.15)结果关系：accordingly;thus;consequently;hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly.but(also.);so.asto.16)顺序关系：first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutset(在开始时)，followingthis;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward;afterthis;subsequently;lastly;finally;consequently;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneously;concurrently(同时).17)时间关系：atonce;immediately;atlength;inthemeantime;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;inamoment;shortly;whereupon;previously.,连词辨析,IdontknowAandB.IdontknowAorB.IdontknowA,butnotB.Hehaspromisedtodoit,(;)onlyhedoesnotkeephisword.Only=butShefailed,(;)stillshedidnotloseheart.,Heisnotsuchafoolbutheknowsit.(but=thatnot)Notaskissohardbut/butthathecanaccomplishit.Idonotdoubt/denybutthat.There/hereisnoboubt/denialbutthatItisnotimpossiblebutthatheisguilty.Butthat=thatButthatsheaidedme,Imighthavegonebankrupt.Butthat=ifButfor,Still,yet,however,nevertheless,butOrsomething,orsomewhever;orso,orelseDresswarmly,orelseyoullcatchcold.Aswellas,nolessthan;notonlybutalso.Heisastatemanaswellasascolar.Heisnolessastatemanthanascolar.Heisnotonlyascolarbutalsoastateman.Notonlywastheroomwelldecorated,butalsomealwasready.,Aswellasbreakingherleg,shehurtherarm.Aswellas=besides,inadditiontoHelendecidedtoquitthejobratherthantoaccepttheterm.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.,That,whether,ifIwonderwhetherhedidit.Iwonderthathedidit.,Allwhatshesaidistrue.(X)Whatshesaidistrue.Allthatshesaidistrue.Thatshewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Shewillsucceediscertain.(X),Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.Thebookdoesntsaymuchthat(which)amuseschildren.All,only,much,anything,first,bestThefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamo