2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 24 Society讲义 北师大版选修8.doc

Unit 24 Society 一积词汇见多识广课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1inequality n不平等 2.deposit vt.&vi.存储，储蓄3currency n货币 4.ownership n所有权5pension n退休金，养老金 6.shrink vi.(使)收缩，缩小7leisure n闲暇，空闲 8.feast n盛宴，宴会9grocer n食品杂货商 10.poster n海报11skip vt.跳过 12.robbery n抢劫13revenge n复仇，报复 14.moreover adv.再者，此外(二)表达词汇写其形1burden n重担，负担 2.resign vt.& vi.辞职3delete vt.删除 4.undertake vt.着手做，从事5cast vi.&vt.投下；选派 6.abolish vt.废除7furthermore adv.此外，而且 8.sentence n判决9accumulate v积累 10.vacant adj.未住人的，空置的(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.preservation n维护，保存preserve vt.保存，保管*2.edition n版，版本edit vt.编辑，校订editor n编辑，校订者*3.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer v自愿做 n志愿者4.abundant adj.大量的abundance n大量*5.govern vt.统治，管理governor n统治者，总督government n政府*6.adjustment n调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应adjustable adj.可调节的*7.elect vt.选举，推选election n选举；当选；选择权8.merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的mercy n宽容，仁慈9.rot vt.& vi.腐烂；腐朽n.腐败rotten adj.腐烂的10.consequently adv.所以，因此consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的consequence n结果，后果用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空1She used to edit newspapers, and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition.2The paintings are in an excellent state of preservation. That is to say, they are well preserved.3The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable,_so my sons bike demands constant adjustments.4In the latest election,_ Mary was elected chairwoman of the Student Union.5It is the governor of the city who governs the city. And he is a candidate for central government.6In our school, the volunteers often volunteer to do voluntary labor after school.话题单词积累1store /st(r)/ n 商店 vt. 储藏，存储 2supermarket /supmkt/ n. 超市3mall /ml/ n. 购物中心4cafeteria /kftr/ n. 自助餐厅5cinema /snm/ n. 电影院；电影6bar /b(r)/ n. 酒吧7cafe /kfe/ n. 咖啡馆，小餐厅8antique /ntik/ shop 古玩店9economy /iknmi/ n. 经济10merce /kms/ n. 商业11corporation /kprein/ n. (大)公司12firm /fm/ n. 公司；企业adj. 坚固的，坚定的13enterprise /entpraiz/ n公司，企/事业单位14pany /kmpni/ n. 公司15negotiation /niguiein/ n. 协商，谈判16business /bizns/ n生意，交易；事业17trade /treid/ n. 贸易18invest /invest/ v. 投资19export /ikspt/ n&vt. 出口20import /impt/ n&vt. 进口21manage /mnid/ vi. 管理，经营22increase /inkris/ n&vi. 增加23boom /bum/ n&vi.繁荣；轰鸣；激增24decline /diklain/ n&vi. 减少，下降， 衰退；谢绝25account /kaunt/ n. 账目；描述26finance /fainns/ n资金，财政，财务，金融27capital /kpitl/ n. 资本28decrease /dikris/ n&vt.减少，减小，降低29reduce /ridjus/ vt. 减少，缩减30publicly /pblIklI/ adv. 当众；公开地31routine /rutin/ n. 常规；惯例32statement /steItmnt/ n. 声明；陈述33urgent /dnt/ adj. 紧急的；紧迫的34violence /vaIl()ns/ n. 暴力行为35witness /wItnIs/ n. 目击者；见证人vt. 目睹二积短语顿挫抑扬课内短语回扣(一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.e_into_being形成，存在2.knock_into_sb.撞上某人；偶然遇到*3.show_off 炫耀，夸耀 4.break_into闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)5.sentence_sb.to_death_判某人死刑 *6.take_.seriously_ 认真对待7.be_well/better_off过得好/更好 8.above_all 最重要的是；首先*9.contribute_to促进，有助于 *10.keep_an_eye_on注意，留意*11.take_._into_account考虑；注意，体谅12.play_an_important_role_in 在中起重要作用(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子1I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into_account.2Research suggests that fast food and soft drink directly contribute_to childhood obesity.3Perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth came_into_being.4When it es to the campus security, we have to take it seriously.5Please keep_an_eye_on my house when I am out on holiday.6The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.话题短语积累1be short of 短缺的，缺乏的；不足的2bring down prices 降低价格3meet/satisfy ones needs 满足某人的需求4set aside 拨出，留出，节省5body language 身势语6eye contact 眼神交流7a facial expression 面部表情8face to face 面对面9behave well/badly 举止良好/不好10put up with 忍受11turn down 拒绝12turn up 出现，到达，来到13make an appointment with sb.与某人约会14have an appointment with sb. 与某人有个约会15make an impression on . 给留下印象三积句式写作扮靓课内句式仿写1would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气例句Id rather you didnt mention that.仿写约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来。John wants to see me today. I would_rather_he_came tomorrow.2what if是连词词组，意为“要是怎么办”例句What if some married people have affairs?仿写明天要是下雨怎么办？我们还练足球吗？What_if_it_rains tomorrow? Will we still have soccer practice?3make宾语宾语补足语例句They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.仿写我记得我向你清楚表示过我不会来。I remember I made_it_quite_clear to you that I was not ing.4Its high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”例句As a society, its high time that we took these issues more seriously.仿写到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。Its high time that we should_take/took_measures to preserve the natural resources.话题佳句背诵1Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正在采取措施减少雾霾天气。2As you know, we are all facing a falling market, and the banks are short of ready money.正如你所知道的，我们大家都面临着一种跌落的行情，银行也缺少现金。3For example, shopping on the Internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and the store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.例如，网上购物可以节省学生往返于家庭和商店路上的大量时间，因此他们能够把更多的时间和精力用于他们的学业上。四背语段语感流畅To relieve the burden of the family and be better off in the future, he was voluntary to undertake the toughest task. Moreover, he accumulated abundant experience and insisted that it was the staff that played an important role in the development of the pany. Consequently, there being a vacant post, the pany took all things into account and elected him vicepresident of the pany.为了减轻家庭的负担并使未来的生活更好，他自愿承担起了最艰巨的任务。此外，他还积累了丰富的经验，并且坚持认为员工在公司的发展中起着重要作用。因此，当职位一出现空缺的时候，公司将一切考虑在内，选他为公司的副总裁。 第一板块重点词汇突破师生共研词汇1abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的高考佳句Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results including high scores and abundant knowledge.(四川高考书面表达)因此，好的学习习惯可以帮助我们获得好的学习结果，包括高分数和丰富的知识。(1)be abundant in ( be rich in)富有，很丰富(2)abundance n. 丰富an abundance of 丰富的；许多的in abundance 大量；富裕South Africa is a developing country which is_abundant_in natural resources.南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。All kinds of flowers grow in_abundance in the park and it looks more beautiful.公园里长满了各种鲜花，它看起来更漂亮了。The speaker used an_abundance_of examples to explain his points.这位演讲者用了许多例子来解释他的重点。2burden n负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)教材原句Instead, they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来支付贷款。(1)a burden on/to .是的负担bear/carry/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担take on/bear the burden 承担责任(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载；使负担be burdened with . 负重；为所累He lost his legs in the accident. But he didnt want to bee a_burden_to his family and opened a store near the school.在事故中他失去了双腿，但他并不想成为家庭的负担，就在学校附近开了家商店。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that Ill take_on/bear_the_burden.(天津高考书面表达)尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。3resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从教材原句His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。resign ones job/post/position辞去工作/职位resign from 辞职resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从；使自己安于(做)某事resign . to . 把托付给resign as . 辞去当的职务In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position as manager.为了照顾生病的母亲，我朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。He resigned from office and devoted himself entirely to painting at home.他辞了职，全身心地投入到在家绘画当中。It is reported that more and more parents resign_their_children_to grandparents at home while working in the city.据报道，越来越多的父母在去城市打工时把孩子托付给在家的爷爷奶奶。I cant resign_myself_to the fate.我不能听天由命。 4elect vt.选举，推选；选择高考佳句Besides, I have such a good mand of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陕西高考书面表达)此外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助手。(1)elect sb. to .选举某人进入elect sb.as/to be . 选举某人为elect to do sth. 选择做某事(2)election n. 选举；推举；当选run for an election 参加竞选She became the first black woman to_be_elected_to the Senate.她成为第一个被选入参议院的黑人妇女。Increasing numbers of people elect to_work (work) from home nowadays.现在越来越多的人选择在家上班。We elected_him_as/to_be monitor by a show of hands.我们用举手表决的方式选他当了班长。5undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应教材原句Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do . 着手做；答应做undertake that . 答应undertake for . 为负责He undertook to_be (be) here at ten oclock. 他答应十点钟到这儿来。University professors both teach and undertake_research.大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。Well undertake_for your security while you are visiting our country.当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。联想发散我们学过的“保证，担保”除了undertake之外，还有guarantee, make sure等。6sentence n& vt.判决；宣判；判刑教材原句In the USA in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被误判为死刑，还有另外400件案例有疑问。(1)serve a sentence服刑pass/give sentence on sb. 给某人判刑a death/life sentence 死刑/无期徒刑(2)sentence sb.to .给某人判刑(常用被动语态)be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑The prisoner has_served_his_sentence and will be released tomorrow.犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。His brother was_sentenced_to_death because he was accused of murder.他的哥哥因被指控谋杀而被判处死刑。Its reported that the judge passed_sentence_on the murder on May 18.据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。自主练通词汇1cast vi.&vt.投下；选派；扮演角色单句语法填空/补全句子Dont let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment; try again.This week, Americans across the country cast_their_votes (投票) and made their voices heard.The priceless treasures have_been_cast_into_a_river (已经被扔进一条河里)2voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的 单句语法填空He is still involved in voluntary (volunteer) work promoting local enterprise.When the fire broke out, many passersby volunteered to_put (put) it out.He always volunteered for the most dangerous missions.3vacant adj.未占用的，空置的；(职位)空缺的；(目光、表情等)茫然的 补全句子Due to the heavy rain, there were many vacant_seats (空座位) in the theatre this evening.There_is_a_vacant_post (有个空缺职位) in this pany, so you can have a try.I couldnt figure out her mood from the_vacant_expression_on_her_face (她脸上的茫然表情)词汇过关练.单句语法填空1I like this gym for its wide space and abundant (abundance) basic equipment.2Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened with heavy taxation.3He was asked to resign from the club when he was discovered cheating at cards.4The judge will pass sentence on him because of murder.5Mary volunteered to_answer (answer) the teachers question.6Dont get worried, because the secretary has undertaken to_finish (finish) the task by Friday.7Last Monday, our class held a monitor election (elect)8Mr Foster has never been to China.Consequently (consequent) he knows very little about it.单句改错1Burdened so much homework, he had to stay up late in the night.Burdened_后加_with2When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to live on his own. liveliving3If you travel in the sea, you will see an abundance in marine creatures.第二个inof4He was elected to be a chairman of the Students Union at school.去掉a5I have to resign myself to stay at home again tonight.staystaying.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)1He insisted on working after retirement, because he didnt want to bee_a_burden_to_his_children (成为孩子的负担) when he was old.2The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated (甘于战败)3Tom ran_for_the_election_ (参加了竞选) and won the election. He was_elected_as/to_be_chairman_of_Students_Union (被选举为学生会主席) at school.4The judge will_pass/give_sentence_on_the_murderer (将对凶手做出判决) tomorrow after looking at the report.5因为要照顾残疾的丈夫， 她辞去了委员会的职务。She resigned_as_a_member_of_the_mittee_ because she needed to take care of her disabled husband. She resigned_from_the_mittee because she needed to take care of her disabled husband.6他答应从现在起努力学习。He undertakes_to_study_hard from now on.(undertake to do .)He undertakes_that_he_will_study_hard from now on.(undertake that .)7这个国家自然资源丰富。This country is_abundant/rich_in natural resources.There are natural resources in_abundance in this country.第二板块短语、句式突破1e into being形成，存在教材原句If laws such as these came into being, a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。e into existence开始存在，建立，产生e into effect/force 生效e into use 开始使用e into power 掌权e into sight/view 看见；进入视野e into fashion 开始流行The new tax regulation will e_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.新税法将在来年年初开始生效。Modern museums came_into_existence in order to protect royal and church treasures.为了保护皇家和教堂文物，现代博物馆应运而生。The newlyelected president will e_into_power next month.新当选的总统下月开始执政。名师点津e into being为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态形式。2show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示教材原句Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value unlike in our society.没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值这与我们的社会不同。(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out领某人参观/进来/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display在展出The detective put a chemical on the paper, and the fingerprints_showed_up.侦探在纸上涂了化学试剂，指纹就显示了出来。After the lecture, we were_shown_around the school by the headmaster.讲座结束后，校长带领我们参观了校园。The new type of puter will_be_on_show next month.新型计算机将在下个月展出。3knock into sb.撞上某人教材原句There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 撞出；敲击；被淘汰出knock off 减价；中断，停止A boy was knocked down/over by a passing car but fortunately he was unhurt.一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了，幸运的是他没有受伤。Our team was_knocked_out in the second run.我们的队在第二轮比赛中被淘汰了。At that point her husband happened to knock_on/at the door.就在这时她的丈夫正好回来敲门。名师点津knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into；表示“遇上”时，相当于e across, run across, meet with或meet by chance。4What_if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？(1)What if .？意为“如果将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if .？的省略形式；还可表示“即使又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if .的省略形式。(2)how e 意为“是怎么回事，为什么”。可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以how e后接语序完整的陈述句。What if (What_will_happen_if) she finds out that youve lost her book? 如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？What if (What_does_it_matter_if) he has much money?即使他很有钱又有什么关系？How e you didnt (Why_didnt_you) invite him to the party? He is your future boss.你怎么没有邀请他参加晚会？他是你未来的老板。5They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。本句是“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on peoples movements。在这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。The heavy rain made_it_impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。People in the West make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。We have made_him_our_monitor,_ for he is more capable of dealing with tough issues.我们选他为班长，因为他更有能力处理棘手的问题。He raised his voice to make himself heard (hear) by all the people in the hall.他提高声音以使大厅里所有人都能听到。名师点津(1)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，当“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(2)在英语中，动词let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。短语、句式过关练.选词填空1The new seatbelt regulations came_into_effect last week.2Now and then, one or two cars will e_into_view and it seems that the car has bee a part of peoples life.3As soon as their party came_into_power,_they changed the law.4The organization came_into_being in 1990.5Do you know how long it is since the electric puter came_into_use?.用knock短语填空(knock at/knock off/knock into/knock .over)1When you _knock_into someone, its good manners to say“sorry”2It is impolite to enter a room without knocking_at the door.3He was knocked_over by a bus and broke his leg.4Please_knock_off your ash before it falls on the carpet.用show短语完成下面语段(show up/show oneself off)尽管莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，但他并不愿意在公众面前炫耀自己。所以他很少出现在电视屏幕上。Though Mo Yan won the 2012 Noble Prize for Literature, he doesnt like to 1.show_himself_off in public. Therefore, he seldom 2.shows_up on the TV screen.补全句子1Susan made_it_clear_to_me (向我表明) that she wished to make a new life for herself.2To live a lowcarbon life, some people would_rather_take_the_bus_than_drive_a_car (宁愿坐公交车也不愿开车) to work.3We were_showed_around (被领着参观) the new factory by the chief engineer.4What_if_we_move_the_picture_over_there (要是我们把这幅图画移到那儿怎么样)? Do you think itll look better?5Its_high_time_that_the_government_took/should_take_measures (是该政府采取措施的时候了) to deal with smog, including heavy fines.6The project has been off our hands since_the_new_manager_came_into_power (自从新经理上任以后).句型转换/一句多译/句式升级1If this method begins to be used, it will greatly increase our production.If this method es into use,_ it will greatly increase our production.2When did the term of “newnew people” exist?When did the term of “newnew people” e into being?3The scientist was thinking a problem when he ran into a tree.The scientist was thinking a problem when he knoc