七上英语语法知识.doc

.七年级上册英语语法知识一 代词 (pron.)第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数第三人称单数（三单）第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词我你 / 你们他她它我们他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我的你的/ 你们的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名物代mineyourshishersitsourstheirs(一) 翻译成英语：1我是_ 2.我父母_ 3. 我舅舅的儿子_ 4你们的朋友_ 5. 你的电话号码_6. 谢谢你的来信_ 7. 他的英文词典_ 8.他的姓氏_ 9. 男孩们的名字_ 10. 她的祖父母_11.她的全家照_ 12.让我帮助她_ 13. 它是熊猫_ 14.它的名字_15.他的电话号码_ 16.我们的学校_ 17.我们最喜爱的水果_18.他们的书包_19. 他们的文具盒_ 20.我们的学校图书馆_(二) 选词填空：1. Whats _ name? (you / your ) _ name is Bob. ( My / I / me)2. _ erasers are in _drawer. (her / she / Her / She) 3. Can _(you / your ) do _ (you / your ) homework?4. _ is a cat. _ name is Mimi. ( it / its / It / Its )5. _ brother can speak Japanese. (Hes / His / He )6. Please take _ keys to school. _ are on the table. ( they / their / them / They / Their / Them )7. _ is thirteen years old. _ birthday is March 1st. (He / His / Him)8. _ favorite vegetable is tomato. (her / she / Her / She)9. Can you help _?( we / us / our) Please take _ to school. ( they / their / them) 10. _ cant see _baseball. Its behind _.( My / I / me / my ) （三）完成句子：1. A: Whats this / that ? B: _ is a dresser. A: How do you spell _ , please ? B: D-R-E-S-S-E-R.2. A: What are these / those ? B: _ are tomatoes. 3. A: Does Cindy like salad? B: No, _doesnt.4. A: How much are his shoes? B: _ are 100 dollars.5. A: Is Alan your friend? B: Yes, _ is.6. A: Do you have a soccer ball? B: Yes, _ do.7. A: Who is that girl? B: _ is Jacks sister.8. This is David and this is Tim. _ are our friends. We often help _ .9. Those are strawberries. Sally likes _.10. The pants are nice. Ill take _. 二. 名词的所有格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl 并列名词中，如果把 s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加s Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China（一）翻译下列短语:1. 汤姆的背包_ 2. 我朋友的生日聚会_ 3. 他们父母亲的房间_ 4. 她两个兄弟各自的电脑_ 5. 戴维和保罗的两个家庭_6. 露西和莉莉家的书橱_7. 男士手表_ 8. 一张吉姆家的全家照_9. 一幅中国地图_ 10.Tim的一本英语字典_三冠词 1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / （2）定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法： （1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. （3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school. （4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second. 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法： （1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. （3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school. （4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second. （5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： （1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等： This is my baseball. （3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers. （4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday. （5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. （6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. （7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. （8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. （9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus Exercises: 一填空：（在有必要的地方填上冠词，不填的划 “/ ”） 1. Whats this? Its _ clock. 2. Whats that? Its _ alarm clock. 3. What is it? Its _ w. 4. What color is the jacket? Its _orange. Its _ orange jacket. 5. Jims mother is _ Mrs Green. She is _ teacher. 6. Those pens are in _ pencil case. 7. Heres _ interesting family photo. 8. When does Lily go to _ bed in _ evening? 9. _ “h”, _ “o” and _ “w” are in the word “how”. 10.Where is _ bag? Its under _ table. 11. I often go to _ school at _ 7:00. 12. Take _ things to _ your brother. 13. -Do you want to see _ action movie? -No, I want to play _ chess. 14. Whens his sisters birthday? Its _ April _ eleventh. 15. Does Bill like _hamburgers? No, he doesnt. 16. -Lets play _ soccer. - I dont have _ soccer ball. -Well, lets play _ piano. -That sounds good. 17. - Do you have _ Art Festival at your school? -Yes, we do. 18. -When do people usually eat _ breakfast?- They usually eat _ it in _ evening. 19. Rick often goes to see _ Beijing Opera _ weekends. 20. - Can Tom play _ piano? Yes, he can.Can he play _ it well? -No,he cant.四 句型复习 句型结构1、 肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+ 主语+can+动词原形+ 主语+ 行为动词原+其他 主语+ 行为动词三单形式+其他2、否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+ 主语+cant+动词原形+ 主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形+3、一般问句1be(am/is/are)+主语+？ Yes,+主语+ be No,+主语+be not. 2Can+主语+动词原形+？ Yes,主语+can No,主语+cant 3Do/Does+主语+动词原形+？ Yes,主语+do/does No,主语+dont/doesnt4、特殊疑问句：1 疑问词+be+主语+？主语+be+2 疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+？主语+can+动词原形3 疑问句+do(does)+主语+动词原形+？ 主语+ 动词原形+主语+动词三单形式+ 4疑问句：who/how/how old/how much/where/when/why/what/what/what kind ofwhat time/what subject(一）写出下列动词的三单形式： take_ be_ like _ play _ swim_ run_ do_ go _ watch_ wish _ think_ eat _ have_ want_ study_ help_ learn_ teach_ start_ （二）将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答：1、My names Bob. _ 2、Im his uncle. _3、Our shirts are too long. _ 4、My friend gets up at five oclock._ 5、Lucy and Lily like sports. _ 6、Jerrys teacher can play chess._ 7、Alicia is my aunt. _ 8、She wants to see Beijing Opera._ （三）选出每句中正确的词：1、(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2、(Where/What)are your baseball?3、(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 4、(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?5、(Is/Can)she play the violin? 6、I (dont/doesnt)like hamburgers.7、Why does Alice (likes/like)music?8、Who (am/is) your father?9、(What/Whats) her favorite subject?10、How much (are/is) her socks?（四）句型转换：对划线部分提问1、 Peter is 12 years old. _ 2、 This is an English book._ 3、 The backpacks are black.4、 Scott likes history. _ 5、 They have vegetables for lunch. _ 6、 She can play chess and sing._ 7、 Its nine oclock._ 8、 We go to bed at ten oclock. _ 9、 His shoes are under the table._ 10、Her basketball is 5 dollars. _ 11、Daves favorite food is ice cream. _ 12、He likes documentaries._ 13、My birthday is October1st._ 14、They are fine._ 15、Nick wants to join the swimming club._ 16、Rick Smith is my favorite actor._ 17、Her favorite subject is science._ 18、Mike and Jack like math because its interesting._ 19、My mothers favorite color is blue._ 20、We go to school in the morning._ 21、I think theyre interesting. (改否定句)_ 22、Its December.30th.today. _ （五）连词成句1、 sister, is, she, your(?)_ 2、 are, Lucys, those, rulers(.)_ 3、 thrillers, like, Maria doesnt(.)_ 4、 want, join, to, do, They not, music club,the(.)_ 5、 uncle, is, also, thinks, it, boring, Junes father(.)_ 6、 play, my, the, piano, well, can, grandfather(.)_ 7、 tennis, like, but, doesnt, Jim, he, volleyball, likes(.)_ 8、 two, has, she, and, sisters, brother, a(.)_ 9、 is, the, what, time(?)_ 10、 shower, when, take, oclock, five, she, a(?)_ 五 时态复习1、 一般现在时1、Be 动词的一般现在时动词要根据句中主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is , aream跟在I后面, 跟单数主语，跟复数主语及单数You后面。如：（1）I am a teacher.（2）My brother is at school.（3）Lucy and Lily are in Class One, Grade Two.（4）You are a good boy.2、 实义动词的一般现在时一个动作经常反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数(he, she , it, Tom等)作主语，谓语动词要加 或 ，这种动词形式简称为单三动词，记住：单三人称单三动，其它人称用原型。如：（1）They get up at six oclock.（2）He goes to school at seven- thirty .附：动词第三人称单数的构成规则 1）一般情况下加s getgets like-likes 2）以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es: watch-watches go-goes do-does 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，加es carry-carries特殊： have-has二、情态动词can/must 情态动词(can, may, must )后动词用原形。如：I can play the guitar. He can play the violin.I must find my notebook. 三、几个动词的用法：1、 let后用动词原形 Lets play soccer.2、 like及介词后动词用ing形式， be good at swimming, help kids with singing, like playing basketball, What about playing tennis?3、 want to do sth./ would like to do sth4、 help +sb+动词原形 help+人+with sth /doing sth.Exercises:(一)、用be的适当形式填空。 _ student_ your father a worker Yes, he _ They _ in the classroomThis _ an apple where _ my books 6 We _friends.You _ a good student.7. These _her peas.8. How much _the T-shirt?9. How much _ the socks?10. Our mother _forty.11. You can _ in our school music club.12. I want to _ a teacher.13. Lets _friends.14. He and I _friends.15. Tina _ a student.16. Mary and Tom _ students.17. Someone _ in the room.18. Who _ your brother?19. When _ your uncles birthday?（二）完成句子。1. I _ (know) the boy.2. They _(go) to work on Saturdays.3. He usually _(comes) to school early.4. I often _(have) rice, meat and vegetables.5. My grandfather _(play) sports in the park.6. Miss Li _(teach) English in our school.7. The students of Class Four _(sing) a song on Monday.8. Alicia and Jerry _ (do) homework after school.9. We _(take) a shower in the evening.10. Her sister _(have) Chinese every day.11_ you _( have) a soccer ball12 Mary _ (not come) from America. She _(come) from Britain.13 I _ ( not ,like) playing computer games.14_Tom and his brother _(study) in Beijing? 15. _ Your brother _(have) a son?(三)非谓语动词填空。1、 Who helps you _(look) after your daughter at home?2、 The child is good at _(play) chess.3、 My mother wants_(buy) a sweater.4、 What about _(go) to the shop?5、 Bob likes _(watch) TV.6、 Can you help kids with _(swim)?7、 Lets _( sing) an English song.8、 I want _(join) the soccer club.9、 We like _( see) movies.10. John often helps his mother_(do) the housework.（四）用动词的适当形式填空。1 . Who _ ( teach ) English in your school ? 2 . May I _(know) your address? 3 . _(be) you twelve? 4 . She _(like) fish ,but she _ ( not like ) meat . 5 . Her mother is good at _ ( make ) cakes . 6 . Mr Green wants _ ( buy ) a new watch . 7 .Who _(be) your English teacher?. 8 . My father _ ( go ) to bed at 10:00 every evening . 9 . His friend _( like, play) computer games. 10 . Lets _(watch) TV.11. _your mother _(have) a baseball bat?12._Jim and Tom _(like) hamburgers?13. What kind of movies _your grandfather _(want) to see?14. Where _(be) the two volleyballs?15. That _ (be ) is his family photo. 16We can _(sing) English songs.17. He can _(do) Chinese Kung fu.18. What time _Mr. Brown _(take) a shower?19. Mrs Jones _(watch) TV on weekends.20. _(be) your sisters in the bedroom?六 名词复习 单数名词前有a/an、the或物主代词，如：a book、the book、his book 1、一般情况，加s：bags 2、以s、sh、x、ch结尾，加es：boxes 规则变化 3、以 f、fe、结尾，把f、fe改为v加es：shelfshelves可数 4、以辅音+y结尾，把y改为i,加es：babybabies5、以o结尾，加es：tomatoes、patotoes或加s：pianos、photos1、单复数词形：sheep、Chinese、Japanese 复数 不规则变化 2、复数名词：clothes、people、police 3、特殊变化：manmen，womanwomenchildchildren，footfeet toothteeth，policemanpolicemen 前面可用many（许多）、a lot of/lots of（许多）、some（一些）、a few （一 点）+可数复数名词 不可数名词用法： 1. 没有复数形式2.前不加a/an、数字、