2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析) (II).doc

2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析) (II)（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Scientists are studying different foods, and they will see which foods protect us from cancer(癌症), and which cause it. It is known that a healthy diet(饮食) will help keep a healthy body weight, which can also decrease the risk(风险) of many types of cancer.Fruit and vegetablesFruit and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. They can decrease the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer. They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.Our adviceTry to get plenty of fruit and vegetables in your diet. Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals, as the chemicals that give these foods their colors are good for you.MeatEating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.Our adviceEat smaller and fewer parts of red and processed meat. Try using beans or peas instead of meat in your diet. When you cook meat, use low-temperature methods.FatFat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Meat is higher in saturated fat(饱和脂肪) and eating too much saturated fat may increase your risk of breast cancer.Our adviceTry not to eat too much fatty foods. In particular, try to cut down on saturated fat contained in fatty meat, biscuits, and butter. Try to avoid frying foods in lots of oil.1. According to the passage, fruit and vegetables _.A. are an excellent source of fiberB. will help you get all kinds of vitamins and mineralsC. are an only necessary part of a healthy dietD. can increase the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer2. What can we know about meat from the passage?A. Eating processed meat is better than eating beans.B. Processed meat is a part of a healthy diet.C. Meat should be cooked at a high temperature.D. Eating chicken is better than eating sausage.3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Saturated fat leads to breast cancer.B. Foods with fat will cause heart disease.C. A healthy diet should contain fat.D. Butter belongs to low-fat foods.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇饮食健康类短文阅读。健康的饮食可以保护我们免受癌症，反之可能让我们容易患癌症。文章主要从水果和蔬菜、肉、脂肪三个方面告诉我们饮食中的注意点和建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.可知，蔬菜和水果是纤维的极佳来源。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.可知，脂肪是我们饮食中必不可少的一部分，所以推测出健康的饮食应该包含脂肪。故选C。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2中就是根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。BMy folks bought their first house in the early 1940s after Dad got a better job in Marquette, Michigan. We lived just inside the city limits in what was still a rural area.In the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf（小牛）to replace our cow, which had been killed the year before. So one day we drove to a local farm and returned with a white and brown calf we named Tubby.We didnt own a truck, so Tubby rode home in the backseat of Dads car with my 9-year-old brother, Steve, and me. As you can imagine, the trip was a lot of fun for us kids.Later that summer, Mom thought it would be cute to take a picture of me sitting on Tubbys back. All went well until the snap of the camera shutter sent Tubby charging off on a run, with me holding on for dear life.I lasted for about 30 feet before I hit the ground. Mom was quick enough to shoot a follow-up picture, so we had photos of me both on and off Tubby!When summer had passed, the day arrived for poor Tubby to fill our freezer. I must have been somewhere else with my Mom on the fateful day, because I have no memory of how it happened. All I knew was that the barn was empty, and that we had plenty of meat for dinners.I hadnt lived on a farm like my mother, so I didnt understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual. Livestock arent meant to be pets, and most farm kids know and accept that truth.Whenever we had beef for dinner, I would tearfully, “Is this Tubby?” This went on for a couple of weeks until Dad had finally had enough and declared, “No more cows!” That made me feel a little better about poor Tubby.4. The writers parents bought Tubby so that _.A. the family would have enough meat to eatB. It would provide their children with milk.C. they would have more cows in the futureD. they would no longer feel lonely on the farm.5. Which word can be used to describe the authors mom?A. Serious. B. Strong-willed.C. Careless. D. Quick-minded.6. We learn from the passage that _.A. Steve was not so fond of Tubby as his younger brother.B. the authors mom thought it natural to kill a cow for meat.C. the author had much trouble with Tubby in the summer.D. the author was pleased to see their freezer filled with beef.7. We can most probably read the text above in a website on _.A. pets B. educationC. diet D. animals【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者和一头牛之间的故事，虽然最终小牛被杀，但是作者还是很想念小牛。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段In the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf（小牛）to replace our cow, which had been killed the year before.可知，买Tubby（牛）是为了这个家庭有足够的肉吃。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段Mom was quick enough to shoot a follow-up picture, so we had photos of me both on and off Tubby!中的关键词quick可知，“反应敏捷”这个词可以用来形容作者的母亲。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第七段I hadnt lived on a farm like my mother, so I didnt understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual.可知，我没有像我母亲那样住生活在农场里，所以我不理解Tubby身上所发生是不寻常的。从而可以推断出作者的妈妈生活在农场，她认为杀牛是很自然的事情。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述的是作者和一头牛之间的故事，故事的主人公是动物。所以可以推断出文章选择网站上“宠物”栏目。故选A。CAn Indian movie about two sisters has bee a huge hit in China. The Hindi language film, called Dangal, has earned almost $170 million in China since its release there on May 5.Much has been written about why Dangal has enjoyed such big success in China. Some people say one reason is that the films star and producer, Aamir Khan. He is famous in Indias Bollywood film industry. Two of his earlier films were also big hits in China.Khans popularity was clear after he got more than 600,000 followers on the Chinese social media service Sina Weibo within two months of joining. But he is not the only reason that the film strongly connects with audience across China. Media has pointed out how it shows similarities between parental systems in China and India.Dangal is based on the true story of a man who enjoyed the sport of wrestling(摔跤). He peted as a wrestler, but never could achieve his lifelong dream: winning a gold medal. As a father, he wanted his son to win the medal. But his wife only gives birth to daughters. So he finally decides to train them to be world-class wrestlers.The movie is more serious than most Bollywood productions, which tell happy love stories and include colorful music and dance performances.Edward Chan is a professor at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He says the strict way of parenting in the film is something people in China can easily relate to. I think the father role described by the movie in India is quite to the culture, especially the traditional culture in China.The Chinese government supported Global Times newspaper pointed that movie critics (评论家) in China did not like Dangal. Most of them agree with the fact that the father in the film was forceful in pushing his daughters to bee wrestlers. But the film Dangal is really aimed to educate children to work for their dreams.8. Whats the main reason for the father teaching his daughters to wrestle?A. He wanted to punish them B. He wanted them to realize his goal.C. Few women took this sport. D. He loved them very much.9. What do most Chinese movie critics agree?A. The truth of the whole story was doubtful.B. The film Dangal was against the Indian traditional culture.C. Indian films often have a bad influence on Chinese parents.D. The fathers behaviour in the film Dangal was cruel.10. What can we learn from the text?A. Most films from Bollywood are serious.B. Indian parents roles are similar to those in China in some way.C. Daughters perform worse in sport than sons.D. The films produced by Aamir Khan is not popular with Chinese.11. What does the author think of Dangal?A. Its unsuccessful. B. Its unknown.C. Its educational. D. Its relaxing.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】本文是一篇影评。火遍全球的印度电影摔跤吧！爸爸你看过了吗？香港理工大学的社会学教授Edward Chan表示，影片中权威式的教育方式很容易让中国观众产生共鸣。国内也有一些影评家不看好摔跤吧！爸爸这部电影。多数批评的矛头指向了父亲强迫女儿走上摔跤之路的事实。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 He peted as a wrestler, but never could achieve his lifelong dream: winning a gold medal. As a father, he wanted his son to win the medal.可知，影片中父亲想要自己的孩子实现他未完成的愿望。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Most of them agree with the fact that the father in the film was forceful in pushing his daughters to bee wrestlers. 可知，批评者认为影片中父亲迫使自己的孩子来实现他未完成的愿望，他的行为很残酷。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段He says the strict way of parenting in the film is something people in China can easily relate to. I think the father role described by the movie in India is quite to the culture, especially the traditional culture in China. 可知，Edward Chan教授认为印度文化的父亲角色与中国的传统文化非常契合，从而可以推断出在某些方面印度家长和中国家长类似。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据But the film Dangal is really aimed to educate children to work for their dreams.可知，作者认为摔跤吧！爸爸这部电影很有教育意义。故选C。DOver the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal fling vehicles closer to reality. The British pany Malloy Aeronautics has developed a model of its flying bicycle. The pany says its Hoverbike will be a truly personal flying vehicle.The panys marketing sales director Grant Stapleton says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly and can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.Safety was the panys main concern when developing the Hoverbike. The designers solved this problem by using overlapping rotors(重叠旋翼) to power the vehicle. With adducted rotors(内转旋翼) the rider immediately not only protects people and belongings if he were to hit them, but if the rider ever were to crash into somebody or something, its going to bring the flying vehicle out of the air. The pany is testing two models of the Hoverbike.In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft pany is also testing a full-size model of its personal flying device, called Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.Peter Coker, one officer from the pany said Jetpack “is built around safety from the start.” In his words, “Reliability(可靠性) is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.”Jetpack uses a petrol-powered engine. It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be an emergency(突发事件). It opens at very low altitude(纬度) and actually saves both the flying vehicle and the pilot in an emergency.Mr. Coker says Jetpack will be ready for sale to the public by the end of xx. He adds itll have a price of about $200,000.12. According to the text, the Hoverbike .A. is ready for sale B. is difficult to controlC. is easy to carry D. is popular in England13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. How the Hoverbike flies. B. How models of the Hoverbike were tested.C. How the Hoverbike was powered. D. How the designers solved the Hoverbikes problem of safety.14. The underlined word “It” in the sixth paragraph refers to .A. the petrol-powered engine B. the parachuteC. the vehicle D. the overlapping rotor15. Peter Coker attaches great importance to Jetpacks .A. safety B. speedC. market D. power【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实。然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题。文中介绍了两家飞器公司都关注安全性问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 The panys marketing sales director Grant Stapleton says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly and can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.可知，这种车可以折叠和打包，所以方便携带。故选C。【13题详解】段落大意题。根据文章第三段Safety was the panys main concern when developing the Hoverbike.及内容可知，本段主要讲述设计师如何解决Hoverbike的安全性问题。故选D。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be an emergency(突发事件).可知，Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。由此可知， Jetpack上的降落伞( 它 ) 是在非常低的纬度可以打开，it指的是parachute降落伞。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段Peter Coker, one officer from the pany said Jetpack “is built around safety from the start.” In his words, “Reliability(可靠性) is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.”可知，可靠性是最重要的部分，并且在实际结构中加入了安全性。说明了Peter Coker强调了Jetpack安全的重要性。故选A。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出it的含义，就是根据前句It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be an emergency(突发事件).的内容，可知，Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。再结合句意：它是在非常低的纬度可以打开，从而推测出it指的是parachute降落伞。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to say “Happy birthday to me”Tomorrow is my birthday, and Im at an age when not everyone looks forward to cakes and presents._16_ It always makes me feel excited to be alive and grateful for my life and my family. So I think even if your birthday is a regular old day at work or home, there are some easy ways to raise it to the special occasion.Give a gift to someone else._17_ While everyone loves to open a birthday present, there is a lot of joy and goodness to be gained from being generous with others. Making a birthday donation (捐赠) to a charity that means something to you._18_. Try something new. Today is new to us. Why not enjoy the newness of the moment? Dip your tones into some new waters, sign up for an adult education class, go for a new-to-you park or plan a new trip. _19_._20_ Whether or not you have the opportunity to share a meal, outing or party with friends and family, please take time on your birthday to connect with people who are important to your life, if you use social media like phones, you are likely filled with wellwishes from loved ones. Use these as a. jumping off point to start new conversations and reconnect with people who lift your spirits and support in your journey towards being your best self.A.I love my birthday, though.B. Its better to give than to receiveC. Connect with people who matter to you.D. This year my birthday is on a Saturday.E. Freshen up yourself with countless opportunities.F. One choice is to donate a dollar amount to match your age.G. Download an app to learn a new language is also a good choice.【答案】16. A 17. B 18. F 19. G 20. C【解析】【分析】本文属于生活哲理性文章。通过描述对生日的热爱，表明自己通过过生日来感谢家人，与朋友联系，可以与朋友家人一起吃饭郊游或聚会，可通过社交媒体收到亲人的祝福。这样可提升你的精神，让你的人生旅途有更好的支持。【16题详解】根据前句Tomorrow is my birthday, and Im at an age when not everyone looks forward to cakes and presents.作者过生日已不是想吃生日蛋糕和礼物的年纪了，和后句It always makes me feel excited to be alive and grateful for my life and my family.生日总是让我能够活着感到兴奋，感谢我的生活和我的家人。由此可判断虽然生日不是期待东西，但我还是喜欢它。故选A。【17题详解】本段主要讲述有关捐赠的。根据前句Give a gift to someone else.送礼物给别人，和后句While everyone loves to open a birthday present, there is a lot of joy and goodness to be gained from being generous with others.既然人人都喜欢打开礼物，因此对别人的慷慨给予是有一种快乐和善意。分析选项可知应该是给别人礼物会让人心情好。故选B。【18题详解】根据前句Making a birthday donation (捐赠) to a charity that means something to you.把你生日礼物捐赠给慈善事业有一定的意义（something）。本段主要讲述捐赠的。分析选项F有捐赠东西，故选F。【19题详解】本段的主题句是Try something new.后文主要讲述尝试新东西比如报名参加成人教育班。分析选项G有尝试新东西如学习一门新的语言，与此相关，故选G。【20题详解】本段主要叙述要抽出时间与那些对你很重要的人保持联系。分析选项C句意与本段有复现，如文中有connect with people who are important to your life.而C项Connect with people who matter to you.就是对这句话的解释，故选C。【点睛】七选五题型解题技巧该题型对学生的考察能力总体从两个方面来考查；第一，把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系。第二把握微观信息间关联性。（即空格前后句间关系。该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。正确的解题思路分为以下几步：()首当其冲看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。()精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第4小题所在段的主题句“Try something new.”尝试新东西比如报名参加成人教育班。分析选项G有尝试新东西如学习一门新的语言，与此相关。()看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。正确选项的特点：复现，包括同义反复，反义反复。第3小题主第5题选项与所在位置有同义词的复现。()解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。第二部分语言知识运用(共五节，满分85分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白