宾语补足语的用法.ppt

宾语补足语的用法,英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语,1S十V句式Herunsquickly他跑得快。2S十V(link)十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。3S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。4S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。5S十V十O十C句式Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Iwishyoutobehappy.TheynamedtheboyCharlieIsawherchattingwithNancyHewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Dontleavemebehind.,在英语语言中，一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外，还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明，使其意义更加完整清楚。宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,1、名词：WeelectedSmithourchairman.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。这类动词后也可用先行词it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到句子后面去。Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher.,2、形容词：Hedyedherhairbrown.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,有时可用it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.,主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词（作补语）,Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.加现在分词作宾补的动词有：see,hear,smell,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,hate.,主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词（作补语）,HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.这类动词主要有：make,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,see,4、动词不定式：Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.这类动词包括：advice，get,allow,invite,force,oblige,hate,wish,permit,order,bring注：在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用tobe这种形式Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited.,主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（作补语）,Wecanletthisgoon.IsawMartinsfacegopale.这类动词主要有：make,let,have,saw,hear,noticewatch,fell,help这类词变被动的时候后面要加toHewasmadetorecitethewholepoem.Hewasseentofall.,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to的取舍问题：,1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一词，跟tobe型不定式带to；跟todo型不定式不带to。3、help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。,（请参见“动词不定式”一节）,五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：,Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。,Practice,单句改错,Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.-Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!-DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.,understood,to,warm,5.Dontleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tellhim_thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing,单项选择,5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart,10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbetterget