A-Review-of-English-Dynasties-and-Historical-Evens.doc

英美概况A Review of English Dynasties and Historical EvensEarlySettlers（史前时期） Iberians,3000BCBeakerFolk,2000BC Celts,700BC RomanBritain(55BC-AD410)（罗马人统治时期） J.Caesarinvadedforthefisttimein55BC. ThesuccessfulinvasionbyClaudius,AD43.TheRomanbuilttheHadrianlsWallandtheAntonineWall,andtheyalsobroughtChristianitytoBritain. TheAnglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊时期） Heptarchy,449-828 AugustinebecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterburyin597.Alfred the Great defeated VikingandDanewho attackedEnglandfromthe8thcentury. HouseofNormandy（诺曼底时期） William,1066-1087 NormanConquest,1066 DomesdayBookwascompletedin1086. WilliamII,1087-1100 HenryI,1100-1135HenryIImarriedEleanorofAquitainein1152,thusacquiringallwesternFrancefromNormandytotheSpanishborder. HouseofPlantagenet（金雀花王朝，又称HouseofAnjou,安茹王朝） HenryII,1154-1189 ThomasBecketwasmurderedin1170. RichardI,1189-1199 King John,1199-1216 JohnwasforcedtoacceptMagnaCartain1215. HenryIII,1216-1272 SimondeMontfortsummonedtheGreatCounciltomeetatWestminsterin1265,whichisseenastheearliestparliament. EdwardI,1272-1307 WalescameundertheEnglishCrownin1284. EdwardII,1307-1327 EdwardIII,1327-1377 BlackDeathsweptthroughEnglandin1348. HundredYearsWar,1337-1453 RichardII,1377-1399 ThePeasantUprisingof1381 HouseofLancaster（兰开斯特王朝） HenryIV,1399-1413 HenryV,1413-1422 HenryVI,1422-1461 EnglandwasdefeatedintheHundredYearsWarin1453.(WarsofRoses,1455-1485) HouseofYork（约克王朝） EdwardIV,1461-1483 EdwardV,1413-1483 RichardIII,1483-1485 RichardIIIwasdefeatedbyHenryTudorinthelastbattleoftheWarsofRosesin1485. HouseofTudor（都铎王朝） HenryVII,1485-1509 TheendofWarsofRosesin1485&thebeginningofEnglishRenaissance HenryVIII,1509-1547 HenryVIIIestablishedChurchofEnglandin1534andbecameitsSupremeHeadin1535. MaryI,1553-1558 Calais,thelastBritishpossessionontheContinentwaslosttoFrancein1558. ElizabethI,1558-1603 ThedestructiontheSpanishFleet“Armada” HouseofStuart（斯图亚特王朝） JamesI,1603-1625 GunpowderPlot,1605 PilgrimFathersfoundedNewPlymouthinAmericain1620. CharlesI,1625-1649 EnglishCivilWar,1642-1649 TheCommonwealth（共和制王朝） CouncilofState,1649-1653 OliverCromwell,1653-1658 CromwellbecameLordProtectoroftheCommonwealthofEnglandin1653 RichardCromwell,1658-1660 HouseofStuart(continued)（斯图亚特王朝续） CharlesII,1660-1685 Restorationin1660 JamesII,1685-1688 GloriousRevolution,1688 WilliamIIIandMaryII,1689-1702 TheyjointlyacceptedtheBillofRightsin1689.Thustheageofconstitutionalmonarchybegan. Anne,1702-1714 ThenameGreatBritaincameintobeingwhenin1707theActofUnionunitedEnglandandScotland.1.The British Monarchy is _.A. elective B. democratic C. hereditary2.The _ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime Minister B. Crown C. Parliament3.The decision making organ in British Parliament is _.A. the Crown B. the Cabinet C. Shadow Cabinet4.The life of Parliament is fixed at _ years.A. four B. six C. five5.The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are _.A. hereditary B. appointed C. elected6.The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _.A. Lord Chancellor B. Speaker C. Prime minister7.It is the _ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime Minister B. Lord President C. Speaker8.The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _.A. Government B. Opposition C. Privy CouncilII.Fill in the Blanks1.The present sovereign is _ _.2.The British Parliament consists of three elements the _, the House of _, and the House of _.3.The British legislature is _.4.The official head of Parliament is the _.5.The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of the House of _.6.The House of Lords is also called the _ House, the House of Commons the _ House.7.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the _ _.8.The electoral districts of UK are called _.9.The head of House of Commons is called _ _.10.The house of Commons is divided in the light of political parties. The stronger party forms the _ and the weaker the _.11.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _ _ characteristicsLabor, Conservative or Lib Dems?Support reduction of military expendituresStands for free enterprise and privatization of state-owned firmsSupport the expansion of the social welfare programopposes British participation in the War in Iraq and supports the withdrawal of troops from the countryFounded by unionists, liberals, socialists and the Fabian SocietyPromotes social liberalismThe “Tories” as its predecessorOppose to drastic social changesPromote national and communal growthCut back expenditure on the social welfare programSupport nationalization of big enterprisesobjects to state limitations on individual rights Pragmaticism & individualismMain support comes from the middle and upper-middle classsupport for constitutional and electoral reform, and civil libertiesLeaders are mainly from the working-class familiesFavors reduction of the influence of trade unions has strong environmentalist valuesStrengthen competition by reducing government interventionfavours a welfare state that provides for the necessities and amenities of lifeQuiz 1I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.2.Official name: _3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-_(the larger one) and _, and hundreds of small ones.4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: _.(1) _ is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(2) _ is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the _ in the north； the Central lowlands； the south Uplands) Capital: _(3) Wales is in the _ of Great Britain. Capital: _(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: _.5. The _ (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has _ member countries until now.II. Geographical FeaturesGeographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the _ in the south and the North Sea in the east. The _ of Britain are mainly highlands；And the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.The following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?A. London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.B. London has a larger population than all other cities in England.C. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.D. London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.III. Rivers and Lakes _ is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m)._ is the longest river in Britain (338km)._ is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).Lough Neagh(内伊湖) is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres)._ is the most important river in Scotland. People Whose speech is closest to BBC English?A. a Cockney B. Southerners in England C. Northerners in England D. A WelshThe ancestors of the English are _, while the Scots , Welsh and Irish are _.The British government (Her Majestys Government, parliamentary government) The executive branchThe government (Her Majestys Government, parliamentary government) and the official OppositionThe cabinet and the shadow cabinet The executive includes:The Prime Minister (PM).The Cabinet ministers and other ministersThe assistants to the ministers (civil servants).The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the Lower House oaf the Parliament.The Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in the British governmentIndividual ministerial responsibility and collective responsibility10 Downing StreetThe legislative branchParliament: the law-ma