2019高考英语全国通用培优二轮讲义+习题：第1部分-专题一-第5讲非谓语动词.doc

第5讲 非谓语动词作主语和表语的非谓语动词1(2016全国卷)So it was a great honour to_be_invited (invite)backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.2(安徽卷改编) Ignoring (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.3(2018东北三省四市联考)It was also popular to_decorate (decorate)bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason.4(2018天津模拟改编) Being (be)in love puts a constant smile on your face.5(广东卷改编)We got a little sunburned/sunburnt (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.一、非谓语动词作主语时的用法区别一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语，常用it作形式主语。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。It is very important to learn a foreign language.学一门外语非常重要。Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。二、非谓语动词作表语时的用法区别现在分词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。Her letter was touching.她的信很感人。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。作宾语的非谓语动词1(2018全国卷)You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die)early by running.2(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.3(2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.4(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road，laying (lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.5(2017全国卷)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to_prove (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.6(2016全国卷)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. taketaking_7(2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. wearwearing_8(全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing. lookslooking_9(浙江卷)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. sitsitting_10(陕西卷)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! enjoyenjoying_充当宾语的2种非谓语动词形式一、不定式作宾语下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。二、动名词作宾语1下列动词常接动名词作宾语考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，avoid，imagine，risk；cant help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape2.下列短语常接动名词作宾语be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，cant stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank you for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time(in)。三、后接不定式与接动名词有着显著区别的动词(短语)作补足语的非谓语动词1(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to_stay (stay)and watch.2(2017天津卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take)good care of at home.3(2017全国卷)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.4(2017全国卷)When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! pick前加to_5(浙江卷)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. feltfeel_可作宾语补足语的3种非谓语动词一、不定式作宾语补足语1常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit等。Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。2在感官动词see，watch，notice，look at，hear，feel，listen to等后作宾语补足语时，不带to。Lily heard someone sing a song in the next room.莉莉听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女经过时看见发生了这件事。3在使役动词make，let，have等后作宾语补足语时，不带to。His mother made him sweep the floor every day.他母亲要他每天扫地板。名师点津动词let，have，make，watch，see，hear等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子若改变为被动语态时，原句的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，此时的不定式符号to要加上。He was made to sing an English song at the party.他被指定要在晚会上唱一首英语歌。二、现在分词作宾语补足语常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，listen to，look at，get，have，keep，leave，send，set等。Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。名师点津使役动词get，have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。get sb to do sth/have sb do sth表示“使/让某人去做某事”；have sb/sth doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。三、过去分词作宾语补足语常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。The teacher wont like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不希望此刻讨论这个问题。作定语的非谓语动词1(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2(2016四川卷)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to_eat (eat)!3(全国卷)Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers conducted (conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.4(全国卷改编)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)build by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. buildbuilt5(2018石家庄模拟)This new species，named (name) Xenoposeidon proneneukos，which means forward sloping，lived about 140 million years ago.6(2018东北三省四市联考)The best known of all is the Lugou Bridge (also as Marco Polo Bridge)，built (build)from 1189 to 1192.一、非谓语动词作定语的区别过去分词(done)表示被动、完成；现在分词(doing)表示主动、进行；being done表示被动、进行；to be done表示被动的动作尚未进行。The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.名师点津表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voice.一听到这个令人激动的消息，她激动地喊了起来。二、不定式作后置定语的三种情况 1由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。Wool was probably the second woven material to be used for clothes.羊毛大概是第二种用来做衣服的纺织材料。I dont think Henry is the best man to do the job.我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。2由only，last，next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。That will be the only thing to do now.这恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。Owen was the next person to arrive.欧文是下一个到的人。3当被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，anything，attempt，chance，decision，desire，plan，need，intention，reason，right，something，time，way，wish等词时，常用不定式做定语。You have no right to do such a thing.你无权这样做。作状语的非谓语动词1(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than nonrunners.You dont have to run fast or for long to_see (see)the benefit.2(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.3(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to_cook (cook)a meal.4(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create (create)special designs.5(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots，using (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.6(20