（京津鲁琼专用）高考英语专题一阅读理解第二部分第四讲根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题专题强化训练.docx

专题一 阅读理解词句猜测题词义猜测题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019湖北八校高三联考)The pumpkin(南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butlers Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butlers Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area.Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras.“Its a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so thats why I think its nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butlers grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.“I didnt know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.”These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazzas mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep_afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。1At Butlers Orchard, visitors can experience _.Apicking vegetables in personBgrowing vegetables by themselvesCtasting fruits off seasonDselling pumpkins onlineA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers.”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘当令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花。故选A项。2Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?AThey want to run it.BThey want to grow vegetables.CIt reminds him of his childhood.DIt provides them with fun activities.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras.”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年。故选C项。3Which of the following best explains “keep afloat”underlined in the last paragraph?AGuarantee.BEarn.CExpand. DSpend.A解析：词义猜测题。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开，由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近。故选A项。4Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe Fall Festival is an annual event.BPumpkins at Butlers Orchard are organic.CPick your own farms are increasingly popular.DButlers Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用。故D项最能概括文意。长难句分析It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin.(第一段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的动名词短语作状语，状语中含有where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a pumpkin patch, where在从句中作地点状语。译文：这个果园有成千上万的南瓜，包括一个南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。B(2019贵阳高三适应性考试一)Despite the negative international headlines that have hit Huawei over the past few months, its consumer business continues to thrive. The Chinese technology giant replaced Apple as the secondlargest smartphone player by global market share last year. Its firmly the biggest vendor(销售商) in China.Chinese consumers say theyve been attracted to Huaweis newest features, the price points and the fact that its a domestic brand.“Using Huaweis mobile phones is supporting domestic brands. We hope our brands can go international，”Vikey, a Guangzhoubased Huawei user, told CNBC. She added that Huawei phones are “costeffective” and have good features while iPhones are “more of a trend”. One of the key features that Huawei introduced was a triplelens camera on its P20 Pro, which was launched last year.For the next 12 months, the iPhone lacks one of the most appealing features of current winners in the Chinese smartphone market, the triplelens camera. The Huawei P20 Pro led the march.Retailers(零售商) are slashing iPhone prices across China as consumers say the phones arent worth the cost. Apples latest iPhone models are facing huge discounts in China as retailers try to sell the struggling devices. That comes as the topoftheline Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are toohigh prices for the worlds largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei. The technology giant itself acknowledged earlier this month that unexpectedly low sales in the Chinese market would likely lead to worsethananticipated first quarter profits.One of the most recent iPhone cost cuts in the country came from Suning, a large Chinese retailer, which changed the price of the 128GB version of the iPhone XR from 6，999 yuan to 5，799 yuana 1，200 yuan discount.Other retailers in China are also putting their iPhones on sale. Sunion, an Apple reseller, was advertising 700 yuan off for both the 128GB and 256GB versions of the iPhone XR. Ecommerce site Pinduoduo, which allows thirdparties to sell products, also had hefty(很大的)discounts across all of the latest iPhone models.【解题导语】中国通信科技巨头华为占领了手机市场。5What does the underlined word “thrive” probably mean in the first paragraph?AReduce.BRemain.CThreaten. DIncrease.D解析：词义猜测题。结合第一段第一句中的“Despite the negative international headlines that have hit Huawei over the past few months”，和对第一段的整体理解可推知，尽管华为在国际上遭遇暂时的挫折，但是其消费者业务持续增长，故选D。6Which of the following is one of the Huaweis characters?AMore of a trend.BCosteffective.CToohigh prices.DA lack of innovative features.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She added that Huawei phones are costeffective and have good features while iPhones are more of a trend”可知，华为手机有成本效益，故选B。7Which of the following is a medium?ASuning. BSunion.CCNBC. DPinduoduo.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Using Huaweis mobile phones is supporting domestic brands. We hope our brands can go international，Vikey, a Guangzhoubased Huawei user, told CNBC.”可推知，CNBC是一个新闻媒体。8What can we infer from the text?AUpdating of technology counts.BAdvertising of the products matters.CThe sale strategy is invisible.DThe iPhone still leads the trend in China.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“That comes as the topoftheline Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are toohigh prices for the worlds largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei.”可推知，技术革新是非常重要的，不革新就会落后于其他品牌，甚至被淘汰，故选A。长难句分析That comes as the topoftheline Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are toohigh prices for the worlds largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一个复合句。as引导原因状语从句；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。译文：这样的结果是由业内顶端的苹果智能手机在中国这个正如专家所说的世界上最大的智能手机市场上售价太高，销量低迷，同时与诸如华为这样的当地竞争对手相比缺乏创新性特点而造成的。C(2019湖北八校高三第二次联考)In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386，000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence worksreal AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of datait is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact, four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobsexecutives, diplomats, economistsgo well beyond the AI limitation of singlefield and Big Data. Then there are the asyetunknown jobs that will be created by AI.Are you worried that these three types of jobs wont employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathywhich AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能给人类带来的益处以及人工智能的前景。9What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?ATo introduce the topic.BTo mention Nigels feat.CTo stress the importance of good memory.DTo suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，本段通过介绍Richards熟记法语词典的事迹引出了文章的主题，即人工智能的益处。故正确答案为A。10Which of the following best explains “outperform” underlined in paragraph 2?ABe superior to. BBe equal to.CBe similar to. DBe related to.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so”可知，在未来15年左右，人工智能在技术方面可能会替代数亿个白领和蓝领的工作。由此可推知，此处outperform应意为“胜过，比做得好”。故正确答案为A。11Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?AThe writer. BThe shop assistant.CThe babysitter. DThe psychologist.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，人工智能无法取代创造性的工作、复杂而富有策略的工作以及需要投入情感的工作。由此可推知，店员这一工作职业最有可能被取代。故正确答案为B。12What does the text suggest people do about job replacement of AI?ALimit the application of AI to a certain degree.BGet more support from the government.CApply for the donation from companies.DUpgrade themselves all the time.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.”可推知，在人工智能时代，人类所能做的就是不断提升自己来适应时代的变化。故正确答案为D。长难句分析Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of datait is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Because引导原因状语从句；provided引导条件状语从句。译文：由于人工智能在常规性工作中优于人类假如这一工作在一领域中有许多数据那在未来的15年左右，它在技术上可以取代数亿个白领和蓝领的工作。词句猜测题代词指代题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019绵阳第一次诊断)When I was a kid, I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible. Even my younger sister had got rid of them much earlier than me. But as I began to grow older, this changed.All this happened on the Bike Safety Day. It is supposed to be a fun day at school when all of us kids bring our bikes to school and the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety. Sounds like fun, right? No. In fact, it caused me to panic. What was I going to say when my friends asked me about my training wheels?With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels, I determined to let them go. This was the first big change Id ever made on my own.I went to my parents and told them all about my dilemma. They were more than happy to help. We went outside and got my bike. Instead of running away and hiding behind, I stood in front of my bike and took great pride in my decision as my dad removed the training wheels.I got on and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm. My dad started to push before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off. The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came into its place. It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try!My confidence soared(高涨). This was going to be the start of a brand new world for me. My accomplishment would carry me forth to new goals and wins. I realized that if I set my mind on doing something, I could achieve it.【解题导语】本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它们。1What does the school expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day?AHave their bikes checked.BRide outside for fun.CAcquire bike safety skills.DRemove the training wheels.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety”可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日”学会一些自行车安全技能，故选C项。2What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to?AThe authors friends.BThe authors parents.CThe safety problems.DThe training wheels.D解析：代词指代题。根据语境及画线所在句的前半部分“With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels”可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选D项。3What happened when the author finally rode without the training wheels?AShe felt extremely embarrassed.BEverything turned out to be easy.CShe ended up falling down.DHer sisters followed her example.B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try！”可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西，作者竟学得很快，由此对于作者来说骑没有稳定轮的自行车后，事情变得容易了，故选B项。4What does the author think is necessary for her to achieve a goal?APatience.BDetermination.CPressure. DConcentration.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I realized that if I set my mind on doing something, I could achieve it.”可知，作者意识到如果自己下定决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个目标的关键在于决心，故选B项。长难句分析When I was a kid, I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。I was the girl为句子的主干；句中When引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰the girl。译文：当我还是个孩子的时候，我是那个把自行车的稳定轮尽可能长时间地留在我的自行车上的女孩。B(2019安徽皖北协作区高三联考)About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. But for more than 1.1 billion of them, English is their second languageoften with a noticeable accent.“Someones accent really reveals a lot about who they are and their identity. It will tell people what their native language is and probably where they come from，” says Marc Pell, a communications professor at McGill University in Montreal. And according to Pell, one reaction to it can be a bias(偏见) against that person.Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent. But accents arent the only thing we listen for when we have to decide if we trust another person. Tone of voice also plays a role. Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.The researchers had Canadian English speakers listen to different versions of people saying neutral(无明显特性的) statements like “she has access to the building” while they were getting a brain scan in an MRI(磁共振成像) machine. Subjects heard someone say it with a confident tone with a Canadian English accent, an Australian accent or a French accent. Participants also heard the sentence with the three accents spoken in a doubtful or neutral tone.The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the nonnative accents. When the study participants heard the Australian or French accents, blood flow increased to the part of the brain that we use to process sound. They seemed to have to analyze that perhaps more carefully, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker, especially when the speaker sounded doubtful. When asked, the participants reported not trusting either Australian or French accentsexcept when the statements were said confidently. It seems that confidence speaks for itself.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。虽然人们会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见，但是只要他说话时很自信，也同样会赢得人们的信任。5What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?AA persons accent.BA persons identity.CA persons hometown.DA persons native language.A解析：代词指代题。根据第二段内容可知，Marc Pell认为，人的口音能透露出一个人的身份和母语，还有可能揭示他来自哪里，人们可能会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见。由此可推知，it指的是“一个人的口音”。故正确答案为A。6What did Pells team want to know?AWhy some people trust others less.BWhich parts of the brain deal with sound.CWhat can cause a bias against nonnatives.DWhether a nonnatives confident tone can gain trust.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.”可知，Pell的团队想知道人们是否会信任带有口音的自信语调。故正确答案为D。7For the study participants, which of the following might demand the most brain power?AA Canadian speaking English in a friendly way.BA French person speaking English neutrally.CAn American speaking English confidently.DAn Australian speaking English doubtfully.D解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一至第三句“The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the nonnative accents.They seemed to have to analyze that perhaps more carefully, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker, especially when the speaker sounded doubtful.”可知，当面临用迟疑的语气说出的带口音的话语时，参与者需要耗费更多的脑力去判断其是否可信。由此可推知，在面对一位用迟疑的语气说英语的澳大利亚人时，人们需要耗费更多的脑力去判断其是否可信。故正确答案为D。8Where does this text most probably come from?AA research plan.BA health magazine.CAn academic journal. DA languagelearning guide.C解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即虽然人们会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见，但是只要他说话时很自信，也同样会赢得人们的信任。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自一本学术杂志。故正确答案为C。长难句分析Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent.(第三段第一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词research；第二个that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people; because引导原因状语从句。译文：先前在别处做的研究表明有口音的人往往不太被信任，仅仅是因为他们有口音。C(2019安徽百所重点中学三模)Along with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing(繁荣的) state in economic growt