【成都物理老师.陈树坤分享】北京四中英语教研组长李俊和《完形填空经典精讲》(高清无水印可编辑).doc

完形填空经典精讲主讲教师：李俊和 北京四中英语教研组长开篇语题型说明完形填空是综合考察语言知识和语言能力的试题。它的具体特征是：1、一般是一篇故事性的短文，难度相当于高中第一册课文。2、文章长度为200-250词左右。 3、挖空20个，空格之间的平均间隔为9个词左右。 4、文章的第一句话一般不留空。 5、每空的备选答案主要是单个的词，超过一个词的只有1-2个。6、意思的考核代替了纯粹的语法知识的考核。7、具有后线索的特征。 8、具有连环题的特点。 9、需要填充的词重点是实词。以名词和动词为主。 金题精讲题一：From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I 21 a note. Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank-you for a 22 moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of 23 for the coming test or sporting event. In early grade school they 24 their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious(有自我意识的), and 25 he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer 26 my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to 27 them but I still needed to write them, I 28 until the day he graduated. Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move 29 for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, 30 two internship (实习) in Washington, D.C., and 31 , becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. 32 short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was 33 happy to have Marc back. Since I was 34 making lunch for his younger brother, I 35 one for Marc, too. Imagine my 36 when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, 37 his lunch.“Did I do something 38 ? Dont you love me 39 , Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong.“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Wheres my note?”21.A. carriedB. foundC. includedD. held22.A. difficultB. special C. comfortableD. separate23.A. congratulationB. improvementC. explanationD. encouragement24.A. lovedB. answeredC. wrote D. examined25.A. latelyB. by thewayC. by the timeD. gradually26.A. receivedB. understoodC. enjoyedD. collected27.A. copyB. readC. take D. send28.A. held upB. gave upC. followedD. continued29.A. outB. homeC. to collegeD. to Sacramento30.A. organizingB. planningC. comparingD. completing31.A. hopefullyB. finallyC. particularlyD. certainly32.A. Because ofB. Instead ofC. Except forD. As for33.A. especiallyB. immediatelyC. equallyD. generally34.A. onceB. againC. still D. even35.A. packedB. fetched C. boughtD. filled36.A. fearB. surprise C. angerD. disappointment37.A. waiting forB. worrying aboutC.caring forD. asking about38.A. wrongB. funnyC. strangeD. smart39.A. any moreB. enough C. once moreD. better40.A. interestingly B. bitterly C. politely D. laughingly做完形填空题要根据什么来判断题一：根据环境特点Tom is not interested in sea food, so he didnt eat much _ that day.A. vegetables B. flounder（比目鱼）根据因果关系He was badly ill, so he was _.A. present B. absent根据转折线索He was badly ill, however, he was _.A. present B. absent根据让步连词He didnt _the test, though he worked hard.A. pass B. fail根据动作顺序After she wrote the letter, she _ it and then _ it.A. posted/ signed B. signed/ posted根据事物用途I like my _, which gives me great help in the rain.A. umbrella B. bike C. Pot根据反义词He used to be lazy. But now he is quite _.A. hardworking B. handsome根据同义词He made a lot of mistakes in the last test. This time we can still find _ a few in his paper.A. quite B. only根据比较句型We are shorter than he, so he is the _ among us.A. tallest B. shortest根据从一般到个别推理原则He is very clever, so he _get the answer.A. can B. cant解题要领要想有效地做好完形填空题，应该遵循以下原则：整体性原则：一篇文章就是一个整体，有自己的内容、组织结构和语言特点，即使文中删掉了一些词语，但仍给学生提供了足够的线索、情景和信息，读后仍能给学生一个整体印象。因此，对于学生来说第一个步骤应该是跳过空格通读全文，初步了解文章大意，断定文章的体裁和基本内容。这样才能做到心中有数、有的放矢地答题，提高答题的准确率。连贯性原则：正像句子不是把词随意堆积起来的一样，文章也不是把句子随意排列在一起的。词与词之间、句与句之间、主句与从句之间，均有一定的衔接性，这种衔接是一种合乎逻辑的衔接，既有一定的顺序，又有其特定的线索。因此，学生在做题时必须始终注意上下文、词与词之间从意义到语法上的合理搭配。具体注意：1、答题前务必粗读完型填空的全文，以便了解大意。2、细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，可得到较多信息。3、第一遍做题争取填出有把握的空，约占三分之一。4、第二遍做题则逐个解决，只留下个别不会的题。5、充分注意文中连接词语的含义与作用，细心品味全文脉络。6、有时可根据动作顺序来判断。7、时间关系是判断的又一依据。8、借助上下文中的同义词确定答案。9、借助上下文中的反义词来判断。10、利用构词法知识理解陌生词。11、注意后线索的现象，答案的提示不一定在前边。12、谨防连环题，各题答案之间有一定联系。13、决定好答案后要注意不但在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。14、实在不会的要猜，不要不填。15、短文结尾常常是点睛之笔，说明全文的中心，应认真体会。提高措施1、阅读是解完型填空的首要能力。它是做好完形填空的基础。读得不好，单纯练完形填空永远也提高不了。 2、写作与完型也是不可分的。会造句，会写小短文，会笔头表达自己的思想，是做好完形填空的重要条件。3、起点要低，不可操之过急。练习完形填空，应从较短、较容易的文章入手，不要一上来就做高考模拟试题。有时可练不带选项的短文填空，这有助于增强猜词的能力。多练由记叙文编成的完型填空。完型填空的训练应主要放在总复习的后期，因为没有大量阅读和写作训练做铺垫，完型填空是练不好的。4、掌握好常用词汇的基本用法，包括词性、词义、搭配和辨析。还要学好高考考试说明上规定的构词法知识，尤其是各地考试说明上要求重点掌握的5个前缀和17个后缀。5、努力提高自己的思维能力。学会观察、分析、判断、推理、综合与概括。合理的推断与联想很重要。做完形填空题时必须要依据短文概括出全文的主要内容和所要说明的哲理，并能通过已知内容来推断未知内容，推断出的结果即最终确定的选项必须符合短文各部分的逻辑联系，最好地揭示短文主题。考试趋势的分析完形填空这个题型让很多高三的同学感到头疼。它的分值高(考试中常占30分），难度最大，学生在考试中得分率普遍较低。 完形填空主要测试学生综合使用语言的能力。它可以考查出学生阅读理解的能力如何,也可以看出他们写作技能的高低。同时又能鉴定出在一定语境下考生对词汇和惯用法的掌握情况。当然，由于做完形填空经常要借助上下文的内容进行推理判断，完形填空也是对思维能力的考核。解完形填空题需要具备的几种能力1、英语语法和词汇知识扎实牢固2、较强的阅读理解能力解题时，考生必须首先通读短文，大致了解短文主旨、事件发生的线索或所说明事物的基本情况等，进而领悟短文的语言基调，如客观、幽默等，以及作者意图、态度等。应该能在缺了若干词的情况下仍能把文章读懂。3、逻辑推理能力由于完形填空题型的特殊性，即“残缺”的短文，在解题时，要在理解短文基础上，根据短文的已知内容去推断未知内容，并能把握句子间的内在关系，上下文的联系，短文的结构、层次，前后出现的提示语、词等。因此，要会观察，分析，推理，判断和想象。4、会灵活运用各项知识完形填空题难在英语知识的运用，既涉及到语法、词汇等基础知识，又涉及到英语语境、习俗、文化背景等综合知识的具体应用。那么在解题中分析句子结构、辨析选项用法、结合文意语境、了解固定搭配等等的综合运用，准确判断文章的主题就是解题的关键。具体问题具体分析，不能照一个固定的模式去解题。5、英语思维和鉴赏能力每门语言都有特定的表达形式，文化背景等，英语也不例外。具备一定的英语思维鉴赏能力就能依据英语语言特点，更好地区别“最佳”与“合适”选项，避免母语的干扰，误选较生硬的“合适”选项。重点与难点：重点是阅读理解和综合运用各项知识的能力，难点是英语思维和逆向思维能力。完形填空的主要特点1、四项 2、情节，叙议结合 3、250词和9-10个4、首句尾句5、单个词6、不靠语法 7、7643实词 8、80个选项 9、加汉语1-2 10、后线索 11、地面信息 12、最佳完形填空的解题方法1、粗读全文 2、首句 3、尾句 4、第一遍 三分之一5、42-50 6、原文信息 7、连词 8、动词名词搭配 9、同义词 10、构词法11、单句合理、全文也合理动词与名词的搭配make the bed, raise the pay, lay the table, eat the soup, blow his nose, develop ones ability, play a role, play a trick, make the way, beat time,meet the need, take the step, open an account, run the factory, adopt the plan, follow the advice. 名词辨析1. clothes cloth clothing dress uniform suit2. incident accident3. arms weapon4. number amount5. family house home6. chick chicken7. talk speech lecture report8.caus