book8unit4词汇.doc

Book8 Unit4 PygmalionWarming up1. 改编本 This play is an adaptation of a novel. 这一剧本是由小说改编的.un 适应性 He made a quick adaptation to the environment. We must better understand the adaptation of plants to their environment.adapt v 使适应; 改编, 修改 adapt to adapt oneself toadjust tofit in with 适应adapt sth. for 把改编成 adapt sth. from 由改编 Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 这部小说已经改编成了电视。These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.2. classic. adj. 典型的，有代表性的；经典的；最优秀的，第一流的；古典的，典雅的a classic example case 典型实例Tom made a classic mistake of trying to drive away without releasing the handbrake. 汤姆犯了一个典型的错误，就是没有松开手闸就想开车。The coca-cola bottle is one of the classic designs of the last century. 可乐瓶是上个世纪的经典设计之一。a classic novel/study/goal最佳小说/论文/进球a classic grey suit 一套典雅的灰色服装. cn. 经典作品，名著 the Marxist classics 马克思经曲著作3. grant (formal) (指正式地或法律上，尤指官方授权)准予，允许，同意；承认, 认为 grant sb. sth. 同意某人某事take sb.sth. for granted认为为当然take it for granted(that) 想当然的认为 I shall grant him his request. 我同意他的要求。Im sick and tired of my husband taking me for granted .我丈夫觉得我一切理当如此,真令我感到厌恶.I take it for granted you have read this book. 我认为你一定读过这本书。4. plot n.1.（ （尤指小说或戏剧之故事的）情节、结构 ）The play has a conventional plot about love and marriage. 这部戏有传统的婚恋故事情节The book is well organized in terms of plot. 这本书的故事情节布局十分严谨Reading1. hesitate v犹豫，踌躇hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫不决，迟疑做某事，不愿做某事hesitate about (doing) sth. 对某事犹豫不决hesitate about +疑问词+to do sth. 对犹豫不决If you have any question , dont hesitate to ask (只管问).Dont hesitate to contact me(尽管和我联系，别犹豫) if you need any more information.Hes still hesitating at / about / over joining the expedition. 他对是否参加探险队仍犹豫不决I hesitated about whether to accept the invitation. 我对是否接受邀请犹豫不决hesitation n踌躇，犹豫without hesitation毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事Without hesitation/Without a moments hesitation (毫不犹豫地/没有片刻犹豫地)，he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.2. troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的,使人心烦的a troublesome problemchild 一个棘手的问题一个烦人的孩子some 是形容词的后缀,放在某些名词后,表示”引起.的;易于的” fearsome可怕的 quarrelsome 爱争吵的3. outcome n. 结果，后果，结局多指事物经过一系列发展变化所导致的最终结局，而不是某种原因的直接结果，常与result通用。 (1).What was the outcome of your meeting? 你们会面的结果如何？(2).The outcome was not what he had expected. 结果并不像他希望的那样(3).Four possible outcomes have been identified. 现已确认有四种可能的结果.4. mistaken adj.错误的，弄错的be mistaken about 对某持错误的见解 be mistaken in 对于是错误的(1).If Im not mistaken, we must have met before. 如果我没弄错的话，我们一定以前见过。 (2).The teacher has a mistaken opinion of this pupil. 老师对这个学生的看法不这个正确.(3).You are completely mistaken about John. 你对约翰的看法不正确.(4).You were mistaken in believing him innocent. 你错了,竟然相信他是清白的.5. What if I was?如果我是又怎么样？句型：What if.? 如果将会怎么样?/又有什么关系？What (should we do) if he doesnt agreeWhat if our plan doesnt work6. classify v. 编排，分类，归类be classified by 通过.归 类 be classified into 被归为，被界定为classified adj. 分类的，(资料文件)机密的 classification .n.分类，类别(1).The books in the library are classified according to / by science(按学科分类).(2).Patient are classified into three categories (被分为).(3).Such people are classified as middle peasants(应该被归为).(4). Would you classify it as a hard drug or a soft drug? 你会把它界定为致瘾毒品还是非致瘾毒品？7. remark n.谈论,言论,评述 vtvi.谈论, 评论,说起make a remarkremarks onabout就发表意见, 对评头论足make no remark不加评论 remark that评论 remark onuponabout 谈论, 评论 remarkable引人注目的,不寻常的You shouldnt make an unkind remark on the poor man. 你不应该对那个可怜的人做出不友善的评论.The similarities between the two have often been remarked on. 人们经常谈到两者的相识之处。After reading the article, he made no remark about it. 读完这篇文章后,他未做任何评论He remarked that the pudding was too sweet. 他说那个布丁太甜了.8. But they betray themselves every time they open their months但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚.(暴露出自己的身份)betray vt.出卖，背叛，显露betray sbsth .出卖，背叛 betray ones country背叛祖国betray ones trust 辜负某人的信任betrayto向泄露;向出卖 betray sth. 暴露 出(真实情感意图) betray her nervousness显露她的紧张betray your beliefsprinciplesideals, etc 背弃自己的信仰原则理想等betray oneself暴露本来面目，原形毕露Quite a lot of people betray themselves when tempted by money. 受到金钱诱惑时,很多人原形毕露.she betrayed his trust over and over again. 一次一次她辜负了他的信任.He betrayed the news to all his friends. 他把这消息泄露给了他所有的朋友.9. condemn vt.谴责；使注定condemn sb.for.因而责怪某人condemnsentence sb.to death 宣判某人死刑condemn sb to sth. 把(某人)逼入(某种状态)，使某人陷于境地，迫使.接受困境condemn sb to do sth. (某人)注定要We condemned him for his bad conduct.We condemn his foolish behavior. 我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。He was condemned for his mistakes . 有人指责了他的错误The criminal was condemnedsentenced to deathseven years in jail. (被判处死刑七年徒刑)As an old person, one is often condemned to live alone . (注定要独自一人生活)His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair all his life. 他那条伤腿把他一辈子困在了轮椅上.10. passoff as冒充 She passed herself off as an American. 她冒充是美国人。 Too many dealers today pass fakes off as genuine. 今天太多的商人用赝品冒充真品.11. acquaintance n .un.相识，了解 I have little acquaintance with modern 相识的人，熟人 Claire has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.make ones acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb 结识,与相见 on first acquaintance 初次相见时 cutdrop ones acquaintance和某人绝交 a nodding acquaintance (with) 点头之交of ones acquaintance 某人认识的 (a certain lawyer of my acquaintanc 我所认识的某律师)have some littleno acquaintance with 对了解(一些)了解少不了解 on furthercloser acquaintance 进一步了解后acquaint vt. 使了解熟悉 acquaint sb with 使某人了解 be (fully) acquainted with sth be familiar with对了解熟悉be acquainted with sb认识某人 She said she had no acquaintance with what you had said. 她说她不了解你所说的事情Please acquaint me with the facts of the case. 请把 这事的实情告诉我。With the help of my acquaintance , I made the acquaintance of a famous professor ,whose acquaintance withseveral languages helped to acquaint me with the fact-No pains, no gains.在熟人的帮助下,我结识了一位著名的教授,他对几门语言的了解使我了解这样一个事实:不劳而获.12. handful. n.(一把 ) My child gave the chicken a handful of corn.(少数人（或事物）) We invited12,but only a handful of them came.后缀-ful 为full的变体，加在名词后构成名词，有充满，一.之量，如 armful 一抱，mouthful 满口，少量，cupful一杯之量，basketful一篮，pocketful一袋 13. fortune n. .（尤指影响人生的）机会，运气I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我很幸运和这些杰出的导演合作。Fortune smiled on him. 幸运之神降临了他.大笔的钱That ring must be worth a fortune. 这个戒指一定值狠多钱。He made a fortune in real estate. 他在房地产上赚了一笔。.（未来的）命运，前途She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand.tell ones fortune 算命 be worth a fortune值一大笔钱 make a fortune 发财fame and fortune 名利 seek ones fortune 寻找出路 try ones fortune 碰运气 be in good bad fortune 运气好坏fortunate/fortunately unfortunate/unfortunatelybe fortunate to do/in doing 幸运地做14. superior adj. 高级的，上好的，杰出的，优秀的n. 上级，长官；（地位、职位）更高的人be superior in 在方面占优势的 be superior to 优于，胜过This cloth is superior to that. 这种布比那种好。Dont be so superior. 别自以为了不起。In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强. As a violin player, he has no superior. 身为小提琴手，没人能胜过他。The army was superior in number to its enemies. 部队在数量上超过了敌人。be inferior to 低于，不如. be senior to 比.年长、资历深be junior to 比年幼、资历浅Brass is inferior to gold.青铜不如金子.15. in terms of 就来说，从角度 ,用的词句In terms of natural resources, it is one of the poorest counties in western Europe.In terms of money were quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 金钱, 我富有; 幸福, 我缺乏。What have you done in terms of fixing the house?Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices. 让每个小孩根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读.He referred to your work in terms of high praise. 他对你的工作大加赞赏.He often talks about his sister in the terms of love. 他经常用充满爱意的言论谈论他的妹妹.come to terms(with) 与.妥协；达成协议；对.让步；接受（不愉快的事情）in the long/shortmedium term从长短中期而言be on good /bad terms with与关系很好（坏）in ones terms在某人看来 He seems to have come to terms with losing his sight. 他好象已经接受了自己将失明这个事实。Hed finally come to terms with that company. 他最后还是与那家公司达成了协议。He has been on bad terms with his father for years. 他多年来一直与父亲关系不好。 16. rob vt. 抢劫，剥夺 rob sb. of sth. 抢剥夺某人的东西steal sth from偷某人/某处的东西inform sb of sth.告訴某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事 convince sb. of. Sth.使某人相信某事They robbed the bank of thousands of dollars.(抢走了银行)The accident robbed him of his health .(使他丧失了健康)robber n.抢劫犯 robbery抢劫案罪17. Suppose you have a chance to help Eliza improve her use of the English language.(P31)假设你有机会帮助伊莉莎提高她运用英语的水平。句型：Suppose that(=supposing that). 假设 说明：suppose用来表示条件时，相当于if(假设)。Suppose (Supposing) he is absent, what shall we do? 假如他缺席，我们怎么办？假如你有一百万英镑，你会怎么花？Suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it? Using Language1. fancy oneself(as) 自以为是，自命不凡She fancied herself as a famous actress. 她自以为是名演员。fancy doing 想不到会做某事，常用于祈使句，表示惊叹Fancy meeting so many old friends. 没想到竟然会遇到这么多朋友。And fancy you talking like that. 没想到你竟然会说出那种话来。2. show sb. in.带或领进来 show sb. out 带或领出去 show sb. around 领某人參觀某地 show off 炫耀，卖弄 show up 出现，到场，使显露Show her in, Mrs . Pearce. She showed me into a bedroom.Did you show him around the school? 你领他参观学校了吗?Dont take any notice of him. He is just showing off. 别管他，他不过在显示自己而已He promised to come on Tuesday but he never showed up. 他答应星期二来，可是一直未露面3. resign vtvi resign ones postpositionfrom the office辞职resign oneself to (doing)sth 听任，只好接受，顺从放弃,辞去He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。(1) Two members resigned from the board in protest. 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。The general resigned his commission. 将军辞去了他的职务。把.托交给,委托(+to/into)(2).She resigned her children to the care of her sister. 她把孩子交给她妹妹照管。 使听从,使顺从(+to)(3).He was resigned to never seeing his birthplace again. 永远不再去他的出生地，他也认了。(4).You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer. 你们得耐心地多等会一会儿。resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从的 resignedly adv.a resigned sigh/smile/voice 无何奈何的叹息/微笑/语调4. compromise n妥协；和解；折衷 v妥协；让步；违背，放弃(1)reach a compromise达成妥协make a compromise作出让步(2)compromise ones principles/beliefs/ideas 违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想compromise with sb. 与某人和解compromise on sth. 以折衷方法解决争论、争端等After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise (达成了妥协)We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards(在安全标准问题上妥协) Its wise of you to compromise with her (和她妥协)5. disgust vt 使作呕，使反感 disgusting adj. 令人厌恶的，令人反感的disgusted adj厌恶的，厌烦的 a disgusted look 厌恶的表情be disgusted at/by/with 因而厌恶/反感in disgust 气愤地 to