DP官方日常维护手册.doc

OPENVIEW Data Protector日常维护手册中国惠普有限公司客户服务部All Right Reserved1文档背景22DP软件的文件结构22.1DP软件的配置信息22.2DP软件的执行程序22.3DP软件的内部数据库23DP软件的后台进程23.1DP软件的自动启动配置23.2DP软件的手工启动方法23.3DP软件的后台进程24DP软件图形界面中各部分的说明24.1Clients模块24.2Users模块24.3Devices & Media模块24.4Backup模块24.5Monitor模块24.6Restore模块24.7Internal Database模块25DP软件的Patch25.1DP软件Patch的查询方式25.2DP软件Patch的安装方法26DP软件的License26.1DP软件License的类型26.2DP软件License的申请方法26.3DP软件License的安装方法26.4DP软件License的迁移方法27DP软件的升级27.1DP软件支持的各版本间升级27.2DP软件升级方法28DP软件的迁移28.1Client (Agent) 端的迁移28.2Server (Cell Manager) 端的迁移29HP对DP软件的技术支持29.1DP软件技术支持方式29.2DP软件技术支持流程21 文档背景随着HP OPENVIEW系列产品中Data Protector备份软件在中国越来越广泛的使用，我们发现用户迫切渴望一些DP日常维护的知识。本手册正是在此背景下编写的。本手册主要包含以下几个部分： DP软件结构 -基础篇 DP图形界面中各部分介绍-使用篇 DP升级、迁移-提高篇 DP软件技术支持本手册只是用于简要介绍DP软件日常的使用及维护，不能做为解决复杂DP软件问题的依据。我们建议您如果遇到无法解决的问题，请及时与惠普售后支持服务部门联系。随着DP软件的版本更新、功能增加，及用户实际使用中遇到的问题，我们今后将不断完善本手册。希望它能带给用户以技术上的支持，惠普愿与广大中国用户一起成长。2 DP软件的文件结构Data Protector软件是以Server ( Cell Manager ) - Client ( Agent ) 方式工作的。目前DP5.0 Cell Manager只支持3种操作系统：HP Unix 11.X，SUN Solaris 7/8，Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP ( 注：Cell Manager不支持HP Unix 10.20，Client还支持10.20 )。 DP软件的安装非常简单，在HPUX平台上直接用swinstall命令即可完成。DP软件强制安装在以下3个目录，不能人为修改安装路径： /etc/opt/omni -DP配置信息 /opt/omni -DP执行程序 /var/opt/omni-DP内部数据库及log信息如以上3个目录空间不够，应对其扩充；DP也支持软链接方式，即把目录链接到有空间的地方，但为了便于日常的维护，建议尽可能避免此种方式。DP软件的删除也非常简单，在HPUX平台上直接用swremove命令即可完成。但需强调的一点是DP只删除其程序本身，不会删除上述3个目录中的配置、内部数据库和log等信息。因此要完全删除DP软件，还有手工删除上述3个目录。下面让我们分别介绍这3个目录的具体内容：2.1 DP软件的配置信息DP软件的配置信息存放在 /etc/opt/omni目录下，主要有以下几部分： /etc/opt/omni/cell - 存放cell server的信息 /etc/opt/omni/integ/config/- 存放DP与数据库的集成脚本 /etc/opt/omni/datalists- 存放文件系统的部分脚本 /etc/opt/omni/schedules- 存放文件部分的计划时间信息 /etc/opt/omni/barlists- 存放数据库在线部分的脚本 /etc/opt/omni/barschedules- 存放数据库在线部分的计划时 间信息 /etc/opt/omni/Users- 存放DP中用户配置的信息2.2 DP软件的执行程序DP软件的执行程序存放在 /opt/omni目录下 /opt/omni/lbin /opt/omni/sbin /opt/omni/bin2.3 DP软件的内部数据库DP软件使用第三方的Velocis数据库做为其内部数据库，存放在/var/opt/omni/db40目录下，主要包含以下几部分： /var/opt/omni/db40/datafiles/cdb- 存放DP Internal Database中Sessions等信息 /var/opt/omni/db40/datafiles/mmdb- 存放DP Device & Media等信息 /var/opt/omni/log- 存放DP log，包括debug.log；media.log；IS_install.log；license.log等信息请不要手工修改db40目录下的任何文件，log目录下的信息则有助于诊断问题。3 DP软件的后台进程3.1 DP软件的自动启动配置DP软件安装后，在/etc/rc.config.d目录下会产生一个文件omni，其缺省设置为随主机自动启动。建议不要对其进行修改。3.2 DP软件的手工启动方法DP软件的手工启动方法如下： /opt/omni/sbin/omnisv -status- 观察DP后台进程的状态 /opt/omni/sbin/omnisv -start- 手工启动DP进程 /opt/omni/sbin/omnisv -stop- 手工停止DP进程3.3 DP软件的后台进程观察DP后台进程的状态有如下2种方法： /opt/omni/sbin/omnisv -status 正常状况下应看到如下信息 ProcName Status PID= rds : Active 888 crs : Active 792 mmd : Active 848 omniinet: Active 804 Sending of traps disabled.=Status: All Data Protector relevant processes/services up and running. Ps -ef | grep omni正常状况下应看到如下信息/opt/omni/lbin/crs/opt/omni/lbin/rds/opt/omni/lbin/mmd4 DP软件图形界面中各部分的说明本章节将介绍DP图形界面中各部分的功能，在安装配置过程中也是按照加Clients 加Users 建Media Pool、Devices 定制Backup脚本的顺序来操作的。4.1 Clients模块DP软件安装后，Cell Manager将自动成为Clients的一员，缺省将安装Disk Agent，Media Agent和User Interface，同时它也将作为一个Installation Server。添加Client缺省采用的是远程安装的方式，只要在Client上按右键 Add Clients 写入主机名或IP地址，就将看到下图，选择要安装的Components，系统将自动传安装文件到远程主机，并自动安装。当然也可以采用手工安装，即在Client上手工安装Agent再从Cell Manager中import进来。注意：在Cell Manager和Client分属于UNIX和Window时，用户不能采用直接分发的方式。用户可以选择手工import或采用添加Installation Server的方式。详见DP手册。以下是各Components的详细解释： User Interface The User Interface includes the Data Protector graphical user interface and the command-line interface. The software is needed to access the Data Protector Cell Manager and must be installed at least on the system that is used for managing the cell. Manager-of-Managers (MoM) User Interface The Manager-of-Managers (MoM) User Interface includes the Data Protector graphical user interface, and the command-line interface. The software is needed to access the Data Protector Manager-of-Managers functionality and control the multi-cell environment. Disk Agent The Disk Agent component must be installed on clients that have disks that will be backed up with Data Protector. Media Agent The Media Agent component must be installed on clients that have backup devices connected and will be managed by Data Protector. ACS Media Agent The ACS Media Agent component must be installed on the systems that are directly connected to a backup drive in a StorageTek ACS library and on clients that control a StorageTek ACS library robotics. DAS Media Agent The DAS Media Agent component must be installed on clients that are directly connected to a backup drive in an ADIC/GRAU library and on clients that control an ADIC/GRAU library robotics Automatic Disaster Recovery The Automatic Disaster Recovery component must be installed on clients to provide automatic preparation for the disaster recovery. SAP R/3 Integration The SAP R/3 Integration component must be installed on clients that have an SAP R/3 database that will be backed up with Data Protector. Oracle7 Integration The Oracle7 Integration component must be installed on clients having an Oracle7 database that will be backed up with Data Protector. Oracle8 Integration The Oracle8 Integration component must be installed on clients that have an Oracle8/9 database that will be backed up with Data Protector. Sybase Integration The Sybase Integration component must be installed on clients that have a Sybase database that will be backed up with Data Protector. Informix Integration The Informix Integration component must be installed on clients that have an Informix database that will be backed up with Data Protector. EMC Symmetrix Agent The EMC Symmetrix Agent component must be installed on the Application and Backup System to integrate EMC Symmetrix with Data Protector. HP SureStore XP Agent The HP SureStore XP Agent component must be installed on the Application and Backup System to integrate HP SureStore XP with Data Protector. HP SureStore VA Agent The HP SureStore VA Agent component must be installed on the Application and Backup System to integrate HP SureStore VA with Data Protector. MS SQL 7.0/2000 Integration The SQL 7.0/2000 Integration component must be installed on the systems that have an MS SQL 7.0/2000 database which will be backed up with Data Protector. MS Exchange 5.x Integration The MS Exchange 5.x Integration component must be installed on clients that have an MS Exchange 5.x database that will be backed up with Data Protector. MS Exchange 2000 Integration The MS Exchange 2000 Integration component must be installed on clients that have an MS Exchange 2000 database that will be backed up with Data Protector. EMC Fastrax Media Agent The EMC Fastrax Media Agent component must be installed on the EMC Fastrax client to integrate EMC Fastrax with Data Protector. EMC Fastrax Resolving Agent The EMC Fastrax Resolving Agent component must be installed to integrate EMC Fastrax with Data Protector. NNM Integration The NNM Integration component must be installed on all clients in the cell that have an NNM database that will be backed up with Data Protector. NDMP Media Agent The NDMP Media Agent component must be installed on all clients in the cell where an NDMP Media Agent will run to integrate NetApp Filer or Celerra with Data Protector. Lotus Notes Integration The Lotus Notes Integration component must be installed on all clients in the cell that have a Lotus Domino R5 Server database that will be backed up with Data Protector.4.2 Users模块DP缺省有三种组模式：admin，operator，user，每个组的权限如下示意图。用户可根据自己的实际使用情况添加用户，还可以自定义组。注意：备份Client上文件系统的前提是该Client上必须安装了Disk Agent，且Client上的用户已添加到DP中。在线备份Client上数据库的前提是该Client上必须安装了Disk Agent和对应的Database Agent，且Client上的数据库用户已添加到DP中。例如在线备份Oracle数据库，必须在Client上安装Disk Agent和Oracle8 Agent，且添加Client上的用户（root , oracle）到DP中。User Right的定义如下： Clients configuration Allows a user to perform installation/update of client systems. User configuration Allows a user to add, delete, and modify user groups and users. This is a powerful right. Device configuration Allows a user to create, configure, delete, modify, and rename logical devices. This includes the ability to add a mount request script to a logical device. Media configuration Allows a user to manage media pools and the media in the pools and to work with media in libraries, including ejecting and entering media. Reporting and notifications Allows a user to configure, run, or schedule various Data Protector reports. Start backup Allows a user to perform a backup of his/her own data, and to monitor and abort these sessions. Start backup specification Allows a user to perform backup using a backup specification (datalist). This user right allows the user to modify and use for backup any existing backup specification. Save backup specification Allows a user to create, schedule, modify, and save any backup specification. Backup as root Allows a user to back up any object with the rights of the root login on UNIX systems. This is a powerful user right that can affect the security of your system! This user right is required to run any backup on NetWare clients. Switch session ownership This user right is only appropriate if the Start Backup Specification user right is also enabled. The user right Switch session ownership allows a user to start a backup using a backup specification without having the Backup as root or Save backup specification user rights. The owner of the backup session will be the user defined in the backup specification. The default owner is the user who started the backup. Without this right a scheduled backup specification is run as root on UNIX and under a Cell Manager account on Windows NT and Windows 2000. Monitor Allows a user to view information about any active session in the cell, and also allows a user to access the Data Protector database to view past sessions. A user with monitor rights can use the Data Protector Database context in the Data Protector Manager. Abort Allows a user to abort any active session in the cell. This is a powerful user right. Mount request Allows a user to respond to mount requests for any active session in the cell. Start restore Allows a user to restore only his/her own objects (objects for which he/she is the owner). This user right also automatically allows users to monitor and abort their own sessions. Restore to other clients Allows a user to restore objects to a system other than the system where the object was backed up. This is a powerful user right. Restore from other users Allows a user to restore objects owned by other users. This user right is effective only for UNIX clients. Restore as root Allows a user to restore objects with the rights of a root UNIX user. This is a powerful user right that can affect the security of your system! This user right is required to run any restore on NetWare clients. See private objects Allows a user to browse private objects. To restore data, the user also needs to have the appropriate restore rights. This Data Protector user right has to be granted to database administrators.4.3 Devices & Media模块slot：插槽,每个插槽中有一盘磁带media pool：将多个插槽组成一个池(pool),备份时磁头可以按顺序取磁带,磁带的容量将可以累加。在DP软件中Media Pool的作用是把带库中的多盘磁带逻辑地放在一起，为一个或多个备份任务提供存储空间。Media Pool可自定义一些功能，如磁带重复读写250次或使用36个月后将被定义为Poor状态，DP软件会提示更换新磁带；备份可为追加方式，即一盘磁带如在一个备份完成后，还有剩余空间，那么可提供给下一个备份继续使用等。使用Media Pool的好处：当某一Media Pool要更换磁带时，我们很容易确定磁带的槽位。Protection：对备份的内容设定保护周期，超过保护周期的数据将被覆盖。由用户根据需要决定这一保护周期的长短；Backup Date：备份的循环方式，例如：每天,每周(一、二、三等)；Backup time：备份的时间，尽量避开业务繁忙的时段。同时，定义的不同备份的执行时间也要错开，以避免争用驱动器；DP可以schedule备份脚本的运行时间，使其自动备份。预定义备份时间的重要原则之一是避免使用同一drive的备份脚本同时运行，即drive冲突。同时避免在业务高峰时影响业务。Drive：驱动器，每个驱动器实际上是一个单独的磁带机，磁带库支持多个 驱动器，可同时工作加大工作效率。Devices & Media模块主要记录用户备份设备（例如带库）和介质管理（Media Pool）的信息，Devices包含：带库名、机械臂设备文件名、Slot信息、Drive名、Drive设备文件名、Drive缺省所在Media Pool等一系列内容Media Pool主要是用于把多个物理磁带逻辑集合在一起，为了便于使用有以下一些定义：Usage Policies Appendable A backup session starts writing data to the space remaining on the last medium used from a previous backup session. Subsequent media needed in this session are written from the beginning of the tape, hence only unprotected or new tapes can be used. Appending media conserves media space but can add complexity to vaulting, because one medium can contain data from several backup sets. Non Appendable A backup session starts writing data at the beginning of the first available medium for backup. Each medium contains data from a single session only. This simplifies vaulting. Appendable of Incrementals Only A backup session appends to a medium only if an incremental backup is performed. This allows you to have a complete set of full and incremental backups on the same medium, if there is enough space.Allocation Policies Strict Directs Data Protector to require a specific medium. The medium has to be already formatted for use with Data Protector. Data Protector does not format media. This allocation policy should be used with library devices to prevent accidental overwrite of non-Data Protector media in the library and where even usage of media has priority. Loose Directs Data Protector to accept any suitable medium in the pool except a medium in poor condition or a protected medium. This option is combined with the Allocate unformatted media first option. If InitOnLoosePolicy is set to 1 (by default, it is set to 0) media that are unrecognized by Data Protector (new media) are automatically formatted. This policy is preferred if you want unattended backup to succeed, as it maximizes the number of media Data Protector can choose from. Unformatted media first This is a modification of the Loose policy. If selected, this policy directs Data Protector to give preference to unknown media, even if unprotected media are available in the library. This is recommended to be used if Data Protector is the only application using the library and you want to have even usage of all media. Use free pool Directs Data Protector to search in the free pool for suitable media in addition to the regular pool. By default, this option is OFF.例如4.4 Backup模块Backup模块存储用户定义的备份脚本，缺省包含Filesystem部分，如果用户安装了数据库Agent，也将产生数据库部分，例如Oracle8 Server。DP缺省自带一些模板供用户使用。添加备份任务的工作很简单，例如文件系统备份，选中Filesystem，右键，Add Backup，提示使用DP模板选择备份内容选择备份设备选择备份选项选择备份时间备份总结存备份脚本这样一个备份任务的定义就完成了。注意：文件系统的备份存储于/etc/opt/omni/datalists目录下数据库的备份存储于/etc/opt/omni/barlists目录下数据库的集成脚本存储于/etc/opt/omni/integ/config目录下根据社保的实际需求、DP软件功能和ORACLE备份特点，采用定时数据库全备份加定时ARCHIVE LOG增量备份的备份策略：SlotsMedia PoolDescriptionBackup Script ProtectionBackup DateBackup TimeDrive19DP_IDBDPs IDBDP_IDBpermanent星期2-64:00Drive0管理上要求系统管理员定期检查磁带剩余空间，空间不多时进行磁带的recycle操作del session maintanceRMAN CATALOG数据库exportRMANexp.sh(覆盖方式)1 week星期2-6建export存储路径：/catalog/rmanexp/rmanexp.dmpexport脚本：1RMAN_RC_expRMAN CATALOG数据库export全备份RMAN_RC_exp1 week星期2-63:00Drive02-7PROD_even（单日备）Oracle全库PROD_even1 month星期2,4,62:00Drive08-11PROD_odd（双日备）Oracle全库PROD _odd1 month星期3,52:00Drive112-13PROD_arc_delBack Archive then deletePROD_arc_del1 month星期1-712:00,20:00Drive0冷备后删除session(user decision,suggest do not delete)14All_PROD_random（随机备）Oracle全库、ORACLE系统、应用代码All_PROD_randomPermanent手工Drive015All_sys_random（随机备）Oracle全库、ORACLE系统、应用代码、catalog、rman、dp冷备份All_sys_randomPermanent手工Drive1数据库手动shutdown/startup注意不要与定时备份冲突一年一次，永久保存最好make_recovery同时保存16-17Test_randomOracle全库、ORACLE系统、应用代码冷备份Test_random自定义手工Drive0数据库手动shutdown/startup18Temp用户自己定义Drive120-28备用29N/A清洗带N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A备份策略的几点说明：1 IDB IDB备份DP的内部数据库，DP的内部数据库记录DP的介质管理情况（Drive,Media Pool）、DP的备份信息记录（Sessions）等信息。 建议使用带库Slot19。 因为用户每天都有新的备份任务，DP的内部数据库记录相应增加，所以建议星期2-6对其备份。如果内部数据库遭到破坏，我们只需恢复最新的IDB即可，因此保护一周已足够。 为了避免drive冲突，建议于每天4:00用drive0备份。2 Oracle_odd, Oracle_even Oracle全库备份为在线RMAN备份 鉴于用户担心介质的意外损坏，建议分为2个Media Pool: racle_odd(slot8-11)，Oracle_even(slot2-7)；分别存储星期3/5，星期2/4/6。这样即使有介质损坏，也能恢复到前一天，再加上Archivelog，即能完全恢复。 用户要求保护周期为1个月 为了避免drive冲突，建议于每天2:00分别用drive0，drive1备份3 PROD_arc_del PROD_arc_del为在线RMAN备份 建议建1个Media Pool: PROD_arc_del(slot12-13)来存储 用户要求保护周期为1个月 为了避免drive冲突，建议于每天12:00,20：00用drive0备份下图模拟了社保2003年7月备份的运行情况：4.5 Monitor模块在DP Monitor中将会看到DP当前正在执行的备份、恢复操作的详细信息。当执行完毕，记录将会被写到DP Internal Database模块中。4.6 Restore模块Restore的方式有两种，以备份目标恢复和以备份Session恢复，二者的区别在于： 以目标恢复，是只恢复该目标的所有信息 以备份Session恢复，是恢复该Session的所有信息，可能会有多个目标DP的恢复策略很灵活，以下是在文件系统恢复时的一些选项： Keep Most Recent This is one of the options for handling file conflicts.It merges existing files with files from the backup. If afile on the disk is newer than the backed up version,the newer file is kept. If a file on the disk is older thanthe backed up version, the file is overwritten with thenew version from the backup. Keep Most Recent isenabled by default.See also the No Overwrite and Overwrite options. List Restored Files When this option is selected, Data Protectordisplays the names of the files and directories in theData Protector GUI in the Messages pane. ListRestored Files is disabled by default. Lock Files During Restore Denies access to files during the restore.The files are not locked by default. Move Busy Files This op