初中英语动词不定式.ppt

,动词不定式用法归纳,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）,动词原形：do如：swim,动词不定式：todo如：toswim,动词ing形式：doing如：swimming,不定式的结构：,to+do(动词原形)HeplansgotoJinanforaholiday.,to,注：to只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义,Hetoldmenottoclosethedoor.Heaskedmenottoclosethedoor.,不定式的句式：,Hetoldmetoclosethedoor.Heaskedmetoclosethedoor.,not+to+do,肯定式：todo,tellsb.todosth.,asksb.todosth.,tellsb.nottodosth.,asksb.nottodosth.,否定式：,不定式的特点：Shewantedtobeateacher.Wedecidetogivesomemoneytothepoor.,1)动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语,2)没有人称、数、时态的变化。,不定式的句法功能：动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语宾语表语定语状语宾补,句子的基本结构:TolearnEnglishiseasy.Togetupearlyisimportant.,返回,主语+谓语+宾语+状语。,主语:,主语过长，头重脚轻,主语过长，头重脚轻。用it代替其做形式主语。常见句型：Its+adj+todosth.学英语很容易。早起是重要的。对我们来说学英语很容易。对他来说早起是重要的。以前还学过类似的句子：Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.Itsniceofhimtotakecareofhisyoungbrother.,ItseasytolearnEnglish.,Itsimportanttogetupearly.,Itseasy_tolearnEnglish.,Itsimportant_togetupearly.,句型：Its+adj+ofsb.todosth.,如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？,forus,forhim,句型：Its+adj+forsb.todosth.,形式主语,真正主语,区别：Its+adj+forsb.todosth.Its+adj+ofsb.todosth.注:for形容词修饰的是动作；of形容的是人：,Itsfoolish_youtoasksuchsillyquestions.Itsimportant_metolearnmathswell.Itspolite_youtoknockonthedoorbeforeyoucomein.,for,of,of,宾语Iwouldliketoseeyourphotos.Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.特殊(一）：,类似词:want,agree,hope,decide,agree,start,begin,love,like,hate,prefer等。注意：斜体既可以todo也可以doing,但区别不大,likedoing指经常性动作，liketodo指一次性的动作Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,宾语特殊（二）：stop,forget,remember,等词或短语后面可以接todo与doing,但意思大不相同。stoptodosth.:停下来去做另一件事stopdoing：停止正在做的事情forgettodo:忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.:忘记做过某事remembertodosth.:记着要做某事rememberdoingsth.:记着已做了某事Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstopped_；whenhecameout,thestudentsstopped_(talk),talking,totalk,特殊句式：在findfeelitadj.todosth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。ThemanfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:IaskedafriendtoreadittomeItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(feel,listento,hear,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,find,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursadayIheardhersinginthenextroom,返回,表语主语+系动词+表语HiswishistobecomeascientistOurdutyistoprotecttheenvironment.判断：Myworkis_(teach)inthisschoolnow.I_(teach)inthisschoolnow.,返回,这些行为不是wish、duty发出的，而这些行为的发出者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。,toteach,amteaching,HiswishisbecomingascientistOurdutyisprotectingtheenvironment.,定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.IhavealotofworktodoThedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy,返回,Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？,特殊情况:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein,作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如：IcometoseeyouHerunsfastinordertogetthereintimeTheybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookat.b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。如：IamgladtoseeyouhereIamsorrytotroubleyouc.作结果状语。如:SomeoftheapplesarehardtoreachTheroomislargeenoughtohold1000people特殊情况：tootoSheistooyoungtolookafterherself.,返回,“疑问词不定式”用法不式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidnttellmewheretogo.（直宾）Idontknowwhattosaynow.（宾语）Idontknowwhattodonext.（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer(宾补）Itsstillaquestionhowtogetthere(主语),返回,练习：1.Itstimeforus_(have)supper2.Wouldyoulike_(go)shoppingwithme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_(work)outtheproblem4.Heisoldenough_(join)thearmy5.Ifeelitstrange_(have)atwinsister6.Iamveryglad_(meet)youhere7.Wesawthem_(come)intotheroomjustnow8.Whathesaidmademe_(feel)sorry9.IamsorryIforgot_(tell)youthenews10.Hisplanis_(spend)afewdaysinthemountains11.Haveyougotanything_(say)?12.Haveyo