（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 十四 文章结构题课件.ppt

十四、文章结构题,专题三第二节分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,一、篇章结构题(2018“六校联盟”第三次联考)Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique，andcanprovideincrediblelearningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesandwelfare.Zoology，orthestudyofanimals，isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties，includingresearch，conservation，veterinary(兽医的)medicine，andthecareofanimals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining，dreamsofcareersinzoologymayetrue.,Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareersmayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandrunstudiesthatimprovehumanunderstandingoftheanimalworld.Researchinzoologycanhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumansmoreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation，breedingprograms，andhabitatpreservation.,Careersinzoologythatfocusonconservationattachgreatimportancetothecontinuedsurvivalandincreasedprotectionofanimalspecies.Conservationistsmayworkwithpoliticalgroupsorgovernmentstohelpmakelawstoprotectandpreserveanimals，ormayworkinthefieldgatheringinformationonpotentialthreatstothehealthofglobalecosystems.Someconservationistsworkineducationalfields，tryingtoimprovehumaneffortstosaveanimalsfromextinction.,Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury，andsomecareersinzoologyhelptocreateasafe，stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialtyfield，andmaytakeseveralyearsofintensivetrainingtoqualifyasacertifiedveterinarian.Whilemanyveterinariansfocusonthesmall-animalpracticeofdomesticpets，vetsinruralareasoftenworkwithlargefarmanimalsandmoreadventurousveterinariansmayworkwithexoticspeciesinzoosandwildlifepreserves.,Humanslovetoobserveanimals，andmodern-dayzoosandwildlifepreserveshelpmeetthatinterestwhileprovidingfacilitiestoassistwithconservationprograms.Zoologycareersinzooscanrangefromoverseeingbreedingprograms，tocreatingtheproperdietforadeer，ortocleaningthetigerscage.Manyvolunteerandentry-leveljobsareavailableforpeoplethatloveanimals.,语篇解读,语篇解读文章介绍了动物学相关职业的多样性，并就四种相关的职业进行了具体讲解。,1.Whatisthepurposeofresearchingonanimalsinzoology?A.Tohelpgovernmentsmakelaws.B.Toimproveresearchersscientificknowledge.C.Tocreatesafeandeffectiveproductsforhumans.D.Toeducatepeopletoprotectanimals.,解析细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Researchinzoologycanhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumansmoreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation，breedingprograms，andhabitatpreservation.”可知，动物学研究动物的目的是教育人们保护动物。故选D。,答案,解析,2.Whatcancareersinzoologythatfocusonveterinarymedicinehelp?A.Betterunderstandanimals.B.Protectanimalshealth.C.Cleantheanimalscages.D.Increasethenumberofanimals.,解析推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury，andsomecareersinzoologyhelptocreateasafe，stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialtyfield.”可知，动物易得疾病且易受伤害，动物学方面的某些职业如兽医学有助于创造一个安全、稳定的动物种群。由此可知，B项描述正确，故选B。,答案,解析,3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholepassage?(P1Paragraph1；P2Paragraph2；P3Paragraph3；P4Paragraph4；P5Paragraph5),答案,解析,解析篇章结构题。第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。后边四个段落从不同角度对第一段进行分述，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。,4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Volunteerspassionforzoology.B.Anewideaofcareersinzoology.C.Differenttypesofcareersinzoology.D.Effectivemeasuresofanimalprotection.,解析主旨大意题。文章介绍了动物学的相关职业是非常多样和独特的，并就四种职业进行了讲解。故选C。,答案,解析,二、写作手法题Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari(观赏野生动物)inAfrica，butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofBotswanasOkavangoDeltamustrankasoneoftheworldsmostexcitingwildlifejourneys.Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure，providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses，professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers.Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience.,Themorningride，whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful，shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies，tendstobemoreactive.Itisunlikeanyotherridingexperience.Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface，itistrulyexciting.Youareverylikelytoeacrosslargewildanimals，too.Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants，giraffesandmanyotheranimals.Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough，asdoesyourheartrate，asyoumoveclosertothem.,Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalsingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.Asthesunsrayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses，theromanceofAfricaestolife.Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.Lookingbackonyourday，youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwilleveretoansweringthecallofthewild.,TheauthorintroducestheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby.A.followingspaceorderB.followingtimeorderC.makingclassificationsD.givingexamples,解析写作手法题。整篇文章是根据在非洲观赏野生动物的时间顺序组织的。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读近几年天津卷均未对篇章结构题这一考点进行考查，但近几年地方卷偶有涉及。此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力，为防止2019年高考爆冷，仅编写此考点，供学有余力的考生选用。,二、解题技巧把脉络看结构篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganization/structureofthe(whole)passage?,因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种，如下图所示：,注意：1.文章的段落组织通常采用“总分；分总；总分总”的框架。2.内容的展开则常用以下手法：时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。,例如：【感悟体会】一中第3题，通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。【感悟体会】二中，通读全文发现文章中出现很多线索词，如Themorningride，Intheevening，Backatthecamp，可知文章是根据时间顺序来介绍骑马观赏野生动物的。故选B项。,随堂限时练,ADuringthehighschoolcareer，studentsmaybegintoquestiontheimportanceofacollegeeducation.Theymightfindthemselvesasking，“Whyisitimportanttogotocollege？”Theansweristhat，morethanever，collegegraduatesenjoymuchgreateropportunitiesavailabletothemthanthosewhohavenotreceivedacollegeeducation.Formanyhighschoolstudents，beingabletoimmediatelygenerateanineaftergraduationisanappealingthought.Theymayalsobeaffectedbytherisingcostoftuition，andwhileitistruethatahighereducationmaybeoneofthelargestexpensesyouwilleverface，theimportanceofacollegeeducationhasbeequiteevidentintermsofearningpotentialwithintodayseconomy.,Whyshouldyougotocollege?Oneimportantanswertothisquestionismoreopportunities.Asopposedtogenerationsofthepast，highschoolgraduatestodayareunabletoobtainhigh-payingjobsthatwereonceavailable.TheU.S.hasbeentransformedfromamanufacturing-basedeconomytoaneconomybasedonknowledge，andtheimportanceofacollegeeducationtodaycanbeparedtothatofahighschooleducationfortyyearsago.Itservesasthegatewaytobetteroptionsandmoreopportunities.,Thereareadditionalreasonsastowhyitisimportanttogotocollege.Whenstudentsexperienceapostsecondaryeducation，theyhavetheopportunitytoreadbooksandlistentothelecturesoftopexpertsintheirfields.Thisencouragesstudentstothink，askquestions，andexplorenewideas，whichallowsforadditionalgrowthanddevelopmentandprovidescollegegraduateswithmoreopportunitiesinthejobmarketoverthosewhohavenotexperiencedahighereducation.,Theimportanceofacollegeeducationisalsostressedbecauseoftheopportunitytogainvaluableresourcesduringthestudy.Themoreconnectionswhicharecollectedduringyourcollegecareer，themoreoptionsyouwillhavewhenyoubeginyourjobsearch.Onceyouhaveendedyourjobsearchandhavestartedyourcareer，however，theimportanceofacollegeeducationhasnotbeenexhausted.Havingacollegedegreeoftenprovidesforgreaterpromotionopportunity.,So，whyshouldyougotocollege?Thereasoningdoesnotbeginandendwiththejobaspect.Agoodeducationisbeneficialfrommanydifferentviewpoints，andthoughtheimportanceofacollegeeducationisquiteevidentformanyhighschoolstudents，whatisoftennotasclearishowtheywillpayforthateducation.,1.Whydosomehighschoolgraduatespreferworkingtocollegestudy?A.Toobtainhigh-payingjobs.B.Toearnmoneyatanearlyage.C.Tospendlessmoneyontuition.D.Toadapttotheknowledge-basedsociety.,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Formanyhighschoolstudents，beingabletoimmediatelygenerateanineaftergraduationisanappealingthought.”可知，对许多高中生来说，高中毕业后能立即获得收入是一个吸引人的想法。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“providescollegegraduateswithmoreopportunitiesinthejobmarketoverthosewhohavenotexperiencedahighereducation”可知，大学毕业生在就业市场上会获得更多的机会。,2.Theauthormostlikelyagreeswiththeideathat.A.toomuchtimeisspentonlecturesincollegestudyB.highschooleducationisagatewaytomoreopportunitiesC.collegegraduatesgainmorechancesoverothersinjobmarketD.acollegedegreeguaranteespromotioninAmericanpanies,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“whatisoftennotasclearishowtheywillpayforthateducation”可推知，下文应该讨论怎样为大学教育付费。,3.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutintheparagraphafterthelastparagraphofthepassage?A.Refusingcollegeeducation.B.Changingcollegeeducation.C.Receivingcollegeeducation.D.Affordingcollegeeducation.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析标题归纳题。通读全文并根据各个段落的首句可知，本文主要讨论大学教育的重要性。故A项作本文标题最佳。,4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ImportanceofCollegeEducationB.EducationMeansOpportunityC.WhichIsMoreImportant，JobOrEducation?D.HowtoSurviveintheCollege,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要点)C：Conclusion,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析篇章结构题。第一段说明高中生认识到大学教育的重要性；第二段说明高中生面对继续上大学还是工作的矛盾选择；第三、四、五段说明接受大学教育的重要性；最后一段总结大学教育的好处。,B(2018天津部分区县二模)Societytellsusthatweshouldcountourblessings，focusonallthatwehaveandfeelgratefulforwhatwevebeengiven.Butthereisnothingwrongwith“healthydiscontent”.Infact，healthydiscontentiswhatmotivatesustoimproveourselvesandourcircumstances.Withoutthatfeelingthatlifecouldbebetter，itseasiertostandstill.Ialwayshaveacertainlevelofdisfort.Thatdisfortdrivesmetoworkhardatmyjob.IdontjustwanttoremainwhereIam.Professionally，Iwanttokeepgettingbetter.Likewise，Ialwayshaveacertainamountofdiscontentaboutmyhome.Thatdrivesmetoalwaystrytoimproveitbymakingitlookbetter.,MyfeelingsofdiscontentaboutmyjobandmyhomedontmeanthatIdontappreciatethem.Itsanincredibleblessingtobeabletoworkandbepaidforonesefforts.Similarly，ifyouliveinasafeplace，withrunningwater，heating，andairconditioning，youareincrediblefortunate.Thesearenotthingstobetakenforgranted.However，weshouldbestriving(力争)toimprove.Ifyouhappentobegoodatplayingthepiano，youshouldworktocontinuallyimproveyourskills.Thesameholdtrueforourpersonaldevelopment.Ifyouhaveareasinyourpersonalitythatneedimprovement，youshouldworkonthem，too.,Forinstance，Icanbeveryimpatient.Asaresult，Iworkhardtotrytoconquerthatflaw(缺点)bykeepingmyimpatiencetomyself.Whenwefeeldiscontentaboutourselves，wehavetobehonestwithourselves.Itseasytomakeexcusesforourbadbehavior，butweneedtofaceourdiscontentheadonandsaytoourselves，“Ineedtoworkonthis.”Thisweek，considerwhetheryouhaveahealthydiscontentinyourlife.Haveyoubeesosettledinyourlifethatyoudontseeregularimprovement?,Doyouhaveacharacterflawthatyouwishyoudidnthave?Dontignorethesethings.Instead，takestepstoaddressyourareasofdiscontentandkeepimprovingyourlifeeveryday.Nomatterhowgreatwethinkthingsaregoing，theresalwaysroomforimprovement.,解析段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Infact，healthydiscontentiswhatmotivatesustoimproveourselvesandourcircumstances.Withoutthatfeeli