高中英语专题Unit1Greatscientists2LearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage试题.docx

Unit1 Great scientist1.2Learning about Language & Using Language Key Words1. _ vt. 建设；修建_n. 建设；建筑物2. _ vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助_n. 贡献3. _ n. 烟火(燃放)4. _ vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃_ n. 拒绝；抛弃5. _adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的_ adv. 积极地；肯定地；确实地6. _n.移动；运动；动作_v .移动7. _adj. 热情的，热心的8. _adj.小心的；谨慎的_adv. 小心地；谨慎地9. _n. 宇宙，世界KeyPhrases1. _ from 脱离；除此之外(除以外别无)；除去2. contribute _ 捐献；促成；投稿；有助于3. make _讲得通；有意义4. be strict _对严格，对严厉5. be _ about/over/for对狂热6. be _ about对谨慎KeySentences1.with+宾语+宾补2. Only if+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语+其他成分【Key Words】1.construct; construction 2.contribute; contribution 3.firework4. reject; rejection5.positive; positively 6.movement; move 7.enthusiastic 8.cautious; cautiously 9. universe【Key Phrases】1. apart 2. to3.sense 4.with 5.enthusiastic 6.cautious之词汇篇1. contribute to contribute去贡献(教材P4)(1)vt.捐赠，捐助；贡献；投(稿)。常用搭配：contribute to为作出贡献contribute sth to把捐赠给/贡献给He contributed half of his savings to earthquake victims. 他将一半的积蓄捐献给了地震灾民。Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.我受邀为报纸撰写一篇文章，对新的一年进行预测。(2) vi.有助于，促成。常用搭配：contribute to有助于(to为介词，后面可跟名词、代词和动名词)Im sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。【语境巧记】Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事，并向一家报社投稿。【拓展延伸】contributor n.投稿者；捐助者 contribution n.贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿make a contribution to 为做贡献【易混辨析】 contribute/devote1. contribute可用作及物动词和不及物动词；作及物动词时，不可接ones life或oneself作宾语。2. devote仅用作及物动词，常用于devote oneself/ones life (time/efforts/energy) to (doing) sth以及be devoted to结构，表示献身于/致力于某一事业或目标。【跟踪典例】单句填空1. 学校鼓励学生们给大学杂志投稿。Students are encouraged to _ to the university magazine.2. 正如人们所知，锻炼有助于我们的健康。As is known, exercise_ our health. 3. 那位歌手去年向这个小小的乡村学校捐赠了7 000美元。The singer _ this small village school last year.4. 一些著名歌星已经接受了邀请，他们的演出一定会使晚会成功。Some famous singers have accepted the invitation and their performances will surely _ the success of the party. 【答案】1.contribute articles 2.contributes to 3.contributed $7,000 to 4. contribute to2. apart from Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下短语。(教材P4)除之外；此外。He added that Jason lost money because he would not tell a lie.他补充说，Jason因为不愿撒谎而亏本了。【易混辨析】 besides/ except (that)/ except for/ apart from/ but/ in addition易混词(组)辨析besides除了之外，还有，指在整体中加入一部分except (that)除了，从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分。except后接名词、代词、动名词，而except that后接从句except for表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用；表示非同类事物间进行比较；置于句首，表达except的含义apart from既可表示besides的意思，也可以表示except或except for without的意思but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面in addition相当于副词besides，表示另外；in addition to相当于介词besidesThere was only one person besides Ford who knew Julia Jameson. 除了福特以外，只有一个人认识朱莉娅詹姆森。The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep. 除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。I sold everything I owned except for my car and my books. 我把我所有的东西都卖掉了，只剩下汽车和书。Apart from/Besides/In addition to the cost, the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格，这件连衣裙不适合我。It is a good book, apart from/except for the torn cover. 除了封面破了，它是本好书。I believe no one but you. 除了你，我谁都不相信。In addition to French, he has to study Japanese. 除了法语外，他还得学日语。【跟踪典例】单句填空1. Your composition is good _ a few spelling mistakes. 2. I know nothing about it _ what he told me.3. He has always been in good health _ he has had a slight headache in the past few days.4. _ English, they also study math, physics and chemistry.5. _ their help, she would have missed the train.【答案】1.except for/apart from 2.except/but 3.except that 4.Besides/Apart from 5.But for3. (be) strict with对严格的(教材P6)Parents should be strict with their children.父母亲应该严格要求孩子们。To do it well，we must be strict with you.为了做好，我们必须对你严格要求。【拓展延伸】be strict in(doing)sth.对某事严格要求strictly speaking 严格地说【跟踪典例】(1)完成句子I think you your children.我认为你对你的孩子要求太严了。We our work.我们应该在工作中严格要求(自己)。(2)单句改错His boss strict with him and his workmates.You should not mind if your aunt is strict in you.4. make sense Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(教材P7)有意义；有道理；讲得通。常见搭配：make sense of懂得/了解的含义He doesnt talk much, but what he says makes sense. 他话不多，但言之有理。He tried to explain it to me, but I just couldnt make sense of what he said.他努力向我解释，但我就是不能理解他说的话。【拓展延伸】其他常见sense短语：make no sense讲不通，无意义 in a sense在某种意义上in no sense决不是，绝非 There is no sense in doing sth做某事没有意义/道理common sense常识 a sense of humour/safety幽默感/安全感【跟踪典例】用sense短语完成句子1. 在山坡上种植果树是有意义的事。It _ to plant fruit trees on the hillside.2. 爱因斯坦的理论是如此先进以至于当时很少有科学家能够理解。Einsteins theory was so advanced that few scientists at that time could _ it.3. 在我看来，他刚刚告诉我们的那件事基本上没有任何意义。In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply _.【答案】1.makes sense 2.make sense of 3.makes no sense/doesnt make any sense5. reject The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。(教材P7)vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃。常见搭配：reject an argument/a claim/a decision/ a suggestion/an offer of help 拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一个建议/别人提供的帮助Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to. 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。【拓展延伸】rejection n.拒绝【易混辨析】 reject/refuse/decline1. reject表示拒不接受不适当、不满足或厌恶的东西，如建议、计划、所赠物品、求婚、忠告等，语气最强，有时还含有抛弃，剔除等意思，只可接名词，主语只能是人。2. refuse指坚决、果断甚至是粗暴地对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝，后接名词、代词或不定式，主语可以是人和物。3. decline常指委婉地拒绝，近似于汉语的谢绝，多指谢绝他人的邀请或提供的帮助。【跟踪典例】单句填空1. 我堂兄试图参军，但没有被接受。My cousin tried to join the army but _.2. 做完移植手术后，他的身体对移植的心脏产生了排斥反应。After the transplant his body _ the new heart.3. 玛丽拒绝返回医院。Mary _ to go back into the hospital. 4. 我主动让他们搭便车，可是他们拒绝了。I offered to give them a lift but they_.【答案】1.was rejected 2.rejected 3.refused 4.declined之句式篇1. with+宾语+宾补 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置，而行星绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。(教材P7)【句子分析】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system (with the planets going round it only the moon still going round the earth). with宾语宾补结构，宾补为现在分词短语【重点语法】with复合结构由with宾语宾补组成，常在句中作状语，表示伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：with名词(或代词)现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词/动词不定式With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语)I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢睡觉时开着窗户。(伴随状语)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 那个士兵让他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)【跟踪典例】用所给词的适当形式完成句子1. With our homework _, we went to play football.(finish)2. The children came running towards us with some flowers_.(hand)3. With a lot of work _, I wont be able to go on holiday.(do)【答案】1. finished 2. in their hands 3. to do2. Only if+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语+其他成分 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(教材P7)【句式分析】 you put the sun there the movements of the other planets in the sky .【重点句型】Only if+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语+其他成分。1. only if 意为只有，引导条件状语从句，放在句首或主句后均可，放在句首时主句要部分倒装。Only if you work hard can you stand out.你只有努力工作才能出人头地。I wake up only if the school bell rings.只有学校的铃响了，我才会醒。2. only修饰状语或状语从句时，从句不倒装而主句倒装。Only in Paris do you find bars like this.只有在巴黎，你才会发现像这样的酒吧。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有病得很重时，他才卧床休息。【易混辨析】 only if与if only易混词组辨析例句ony if只要，只有，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句，是必要条件Only if you study hard will you pass the exam. 只有努力学习，你才会通过考试。if only但愿，要是就好了，常引导虚拟语气的条件句，引出感叹句If only he hadnt driven so fast! 要是他驾驶得没有那么快就好了！Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时，句子或主句需用部分倒装语序，但only若修饰主语则不用倒装。Only you can help me.只有你能帮我。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 只有这样你才能学好英语。Only in this way_ English well.2. 只有我们齐心协力，我们才能成功。_ we pull together can we achieve success.3. 那是个好计划。但愿我们能执行它。Its a good plan. _ we could carry it out.【答案】1. can you learn 2. Only if 3. If only .单句语法填空1He has made an important_(contribute)to the companys success.2Tim is a very_(create)musician who has written many songs.3The trade union_(move)is concerned with working conditions.4We explained our plans and he was very_(enthusiasm)about them.5The bridge under_(construct)will be open to the public next year.6It is_(universe)known that the earth is round.7She was instructed to act with_(cautious)8Over 2，000 people were in_(attend)at yesterdays demonstration.9The prime minister_(rejection)any idea of the reforming system.10What he said was_(revolution).完成句子1He_(对自己要求严格)when he was young.2_(有意义)to take care of your health.3_(直到他告诉我我才知道)Tom had gone to Beijing.4Before he came here，my father used to sleep_(睁着眼)5_(除了钢笔)，he presented me with two notebooks.III. 单项填空1. I think you need some outdoor exercise. Plenty of fresh air will _ good health.A. contribute toB. devote toC. apply toD. adjust to2. _ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of3. I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.Many people think there is nothing there _ ice and snow.A. except for B. rather thanC. apart from D. regardless of4. To be honest, my carelessness _ a lot to my failure.A. contributed B. donatedC. providedD. offered I. 完形填空I worked on boats for twenty five years. Now I am a docking pilot(码头领航员).My job is to 1in the large luxury liners (轮船) and stay with them until they are 2stopped in the harbour. Sometimes this requires two tugs (拖船)，sometimes many more, 3the tide and the weather.Most of you no 4have seen these tugs pushing and pulling at the big liners. What they are doing doesnt seem to make much 5,as the minute the big boat is alongside the port, her heavy rope made fast, the job is 6.I felt very 7after I had docked several of the large liners. I realized I was in 8of a great ship worth millions of dollars and the 9were depending on me to bring her safely to the port. These tugs, whether one or ten, 10about in accord with (与一致) whistle signals I 11them from the bridge of the big liner. These signals make up a language that is just as 12as the spoken word, or even more so, 13our docking signals are hardly misunderstood. The captain of each tug does his work according to the signals he 14. He never asks questions. He takes 15faithfully，and it 16works out.Working around tugboats, where so much depends on17, has had its effect on what I believe. I believe that if I am to attain a 18place in the world I must have the help of my fellow men just as the great transatlantic (远洋的) liners depend on the 19of the little tugs to bring them safely to the 20.1. A. putB. pushC. bringD. join2. A. safelyB. dangerouslyC. immediatelyD. illegally3. A. adding toB. letting aloneC. thinking ofD. depending on4. A. wonderB. doubtC. needD. exception5. A. senseB. profitC. progressD. advance6. A. preparedB. lostC. plannedD. done7. A. boredB. meaninglessC. importantD. tired8. A. controlB. praiseC. defenceD. place9. A. clerksB. sportsmenC. readersD. owners10. A. lookB. moveC. hearD. worry11. A. writeB. sendC. mailD. bring12. A. dependableB. incredibleC. doubtfulD. visible13. A. thoughB. ifC. whileD. because14. A. givesB. spreadsC. receivesD. Passes15. A. nothingB. anythingC. somethingD. everything16. A. neverB. everC. alwaysD. seldom17. A. imaginationB. creationC. teamworkD. performance18. A. successfulB. frustratingC. regretfulD. embarrassing19. A. preventionB. helpC. objectionD. delay20. A. airportB. stationC. portD. StopII. 短文改错Mary wanted to be a nurse when he left school. Meanwhile, she joined the Red Cross and had some limited training. She taught that in case of an accident she should give the person first aid at once or then send for a doctor. One day, there were an accident in a busy street. When Mary arrived in, she saw a man bending over a woman who had been knocked down by a car and lied motionless in the street. Mary ran up, pushed the man away, informed the crowd what she was a Red Cross nurse and began to help a wounded woman. After a few minutes, the man said, While you reach the part about send for a doctor, dont worry. Im here already.1. (2015天津) Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realizedB. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize2. (2015湖南)Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered3. (2014湖南)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep4. (2015天津)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. A. have B. make C. display D. bringK基础.单句语法填空1.contribution2.creative3.movement4. enthusiastic5.construction6.universally7. caution8.attendence9.rejected10. revolutionary.完成句子1.was very strict with himself2.It makes sense3.Only when he told me did I know4.with his eyes open5.Apart from the penIII. 单项填空1.A 【解析】句意：我认为你需要做一些户外锻炼，大量新鲜空气对健康有利。contribute to有助于，导致；devote to奉献；apply to运用；adjust to调节以适应。2.B 【解析】句意：除了良好的服务之外，这家饭店还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from完全不；apart from除了；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，正确答案为B。3.C 【解析】此处表示除了冰雪以外没有别的东西，可以使用except，因为ice and snow和nothing属于同类，而except for后的名词和前面的名词不属同类。apart from相当于except或besides，故选C。4.A 【解析】句意：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。contribute to导致；donate捐献；provide提供；offer(主动)提供。K能力I. 完形填空【语篇解读】作者的工作是码头领航员，他在轮船上发出信号，拖船可以将轮船安全引领到港口，作者认为自己的工作很重要，也意识到自己要想成功也需要他人的帮助。1. C根据上文“Now I am a docking pilot”可知，作者的工作是引进大型豪华轮船。bring in引进。故选C。6. D根据上文“as the minute the big boat is alongside the port, her heavy rope made fast,”可知，当大船到了港口，它的粗壮的绳子就变快了，工作就完成了。done完成了。故选D。7. C根据下文“I realized I was in_ of a great ship worth millions of dollars”可知，作者觉得自己很重要。important重要的。故选C。8. A根据下文“depending on me”可知，我意识到我控制价值上百万的大轮船。in control of控制。故选A。9. D句意：（船）主人们依赖我将船安全带到港口。owners主人。故选D。10. B句意：这些拖船，不管是一个还是十个，根据我的口哨信号来移动。move移动。故选B。11. B根据上文“whistle signals”可知，这些口哨是我在大轮船上发出的。send发出。故选B。12. A根据下文“our docking signals are hardly misunderstood.”可知，这些信号组成和口语一样值得依赖的语言。dependable值得依赖的。故选A。17. C根据下文“have the help of my fellow men”可知，在拖船周围工作，很大程度取决于团队协作。teamwork团队协作。故选C。18.