夫子庙英文简介.doc

_南京夫子庙简介英文考试版2008-07-05 10:55阅读(1647)评论(0)Confuciusk?nfuj?s孔子 templetempl寺庙 & the Qinhuai river scenicsi:nik风光 area? ri?地带孔庙和秦淮河风光带1:The Confucius temple, located loukeitid位于at the Qinhuai River scenicsi:nik风景的 area,孔庙位于秦淮河风光带2:is a well-known touristtu:rist旅游者 resortriz:t常去度假的地方 of the ancient capital Nanjing .她是古都南京闻名的旅游度假地。3the river banks of Qinhuai are known for Confucius Temple秦淮河因孔庙而闻名。4and jointly d3intli连带地 called the Confucius temple area.因此也叫夫子庙地区。5the Confucius temple is no doubt daut 怀疑 the most famous.孔庙无疑是最著名的6The temple is the place for people to pay worshipw?:ip 崇拜 to Confucius.庙是供人们崇拜孔子的地方7:The Confucius temple here in Nanjing was first built in 1034孔庙在南京第一次建于1034。8and rebuiltri:blt重建 in 1986重建于1986年9The temple we often mentionedmen?n提出 should includeinklu:d包括 three architectural a:kitekt?r?建筑complexeskmpleks群，综合体:我们常提的孔庙应该包括三个建筑群：10the temple of Confucius with the hall of great achievements?ti:vm?nt大成 as the main mein主要的body,孔庙及主体建筑大成殿11the palaceplis宫殿 of learning and the imperialimpi?ri?l帝国 examination igzminei?n考试center.学宫和国家考试中心。12As early as in 337 A.D.eidi:公元,早在公元337年13but at that time there was only the palaceplis宫殿 of learning without the Confucius temple.那时仅有学宫，没有孔庙。14The temple was built up and extendedikstendid扩大 on the basis beisis基础of the palace of learning until 1034.直到1034年孔庙才在学宫的基础上建立和扩大起来15The Confucius temple complexkmpleks 复杂 covers kv? 包括the panpn畔 poolpu:l池,screenskri:n屏，照壁 wall,the gatewaygeitwei通道 of all scholarsskl?学生，有文化,孔庙综合包括：泮池、照壁、天下文枢坊、16juxing聚星 pavilionp?vilj?n亭,Kuixing魁星 pavilion, Lingxing灵星 gate,聚星亭、魁星亭、棂星门。17the hall of great achievements?ti:vm?nt 达成 and the gate etc =et cetera等等etset?r? .大成殿和大成门等等。18As the confucius temple in qufu，Shandong province在山东省曲阜的孔庙19is built by the side of the pan river,是建在泮水之滨的20all the temples of Confucius in the country所有全国的孔庙21are built at the riverside都建在河边22and the water in front of Confucius temple is called pan pool.孔庙前面的水叫泮池。23And this has become a customkstm惯例 throughru：在期间 long usageju：sid惯用法这形成了长期的惯例。24this confucirs temple makes the natural streamstri：m流动 of the Qinhuai river as its pan pool,这里的夫子庙把秦淮河流动的水作为它的泮池25which is also called the pool of crescentkresnt新月 moon “by the localloukl当地 people.当地的人们把它叫着月牙池26Standing at the southern bank of the pan pool is the screenskri：n屏 wall,泮池南边站立的是照壁27which is 110 meters long and 10 meters high.它110米长，10米高28it ranksrk最高点 top among all the screen walls acrosskr：s遍布各地 the county.它位于全国所有照壁之冠29The wall was built in 1575 and newly renovated ren,veit重做in 1984 .这个照壁建于1575年，近来重建于1984年30the function fkn功能of the wall照壁的功能31was to indicateindikeit表明 that the confucirs learning was too profoundprfaund渊博 to be understood by commonkmn普通 folks.fouk民众是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受32Another function was tocover up遮挡the main building of the temple,另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑33so as to以便give people an impression .impren印象of its grandeurgrn d辉煌 and magnificencemgnifisns庄严以便给人们一个它辉煌而庄严的印象34The gatewaygeitwei入口处 of all scholarsskl学者 was first built in 1586 in an imitationimitein仿制 of that in Qufu.天下文枢坊始建于1586年仿曲阜天下文枢坊，35The meaning of the structurestrk t was to referrif：归于 to Confucius as the hubhb中心 of all writings and ethicseiks道德 in ancient times.它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。36lingxing gate is also called the gate of etiquetteetiket礼仪棂星门又叫礼仪门37specially built for emperorsempr皇帝 to offer：f提供 sacrificeskrifais祭祀 to Confucius .它是专为皇帝祭祀孔子而建的38the gate built in front of confucius temple它建于孔庙前39impliesimplai暗指 the meaning of它的寓意是40“people of talenttlnt天才 coming forthf：涌现 in large numbersnmb大量大量人才涌现41and stabilitystbiliti稳定 of the country.”国家稳定42Dacheng gate or the gate of great achievementstivmnt达成大成门或集大成的门，43is also called halberdhbd戟 gate,又叫戟门44which is the front door of the Confucius temple.它是孔庙的前门45As Confucius epitomizedipitmaiz作为缩影 Chinese culture,作为中国文化的宿影的孔子46he was posthumouslypstjum死后 grantedgra：ntid假定 the titletaitl称号 of super saintseint圣徒 Confucius.他死后被授予至圣先师的称号47In the entranceentrns入口 hall门厅 of the gate there are four old stone tablets tblit碑:在大门的入口门厅有四块古石碑48The tablets of Confucius asking laozi of the ethicaleiks道德 codeskoud经.孔子问礼图碑一是孔子请教老子道德经的图碑49It was made in 484 A.D. during the southern dynasty它是刻于南朝公元484年50recordedrek：d记录 on the tablet is the personalpsnl个人 experienceikspirins经验 of Confucius on his visit to Luoyang,碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳访问的经验51the capital of the eastern zhou dynasty in 518 B.C.在公元前518年东周王朝首都52where Confucius made investigationsinvestingein研究 on the system of institutionsinstitju：n制度 of the zhou孔子研究了周王朝制度53and went in questkwest寻找 of the ways of how to prosperprsp繁荣 and stabilizesteibilaiz稳定 the country去寻找了如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法54and of how to consolidateknslideit联合 the power of slavesleiv奴隶 ownersoun主人 in the lu statesteit国家.如何在鲁国联合奴隶主的力量55The tablet of jiqing Confucius temple.集庆孔庙碑56In 1308 when the yuan dynasty reignedrein统治 over the country,1308年，元朝统治全国57emperor wuzong issuediiu发布 an imperialimpiril帝国 edicti：dikt布告武宗皇帝发布了圣旨58”take education as the state administrationdministren管理 of the empireempai皇权”以兴学作士为王政59In the next fall when the Confucius temple started to be rebuilt ,第二年孔庙开始被重建60lu zhi wrote an inscriptioninskripn碑文 for the tablet.卢挚为碑撰写了碑文61but the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in 1330.当时没有勒石，直到22年后在1330年62In the xianfeng years of the qing dynasty,the Confucius temple was burnt down in a war清朝咸丰年，在战争中被毁，63and the tablet was missingmisi失踪此碑失踪。.64during the reconstructionri：knstrkln重建 of the Confucius temple in 1986, the tablet happened偶然发生 to be unearthedn：发掘 from the underground地下1986年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现65The tablet of the four saints封四圣碑66In 1331 emperor wenzong of the yuan dynasty granted gra：ntid加封the four disciplesdisaipl门徒 of Confucius在1331年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒67Yanhui, zengshen, kongji and mengke as 4 saints second to Confucius颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣68and they were carved ka：v雕刻on a stone tablet to inform inf：m告知the whole country.以此刻在石碑上告知全国。67tablet of madam super saint Confucius.封至圣夫人碑68 In 1331 the wife of Confucius was posthumously awarded the title of Madam Super Saint(孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人)1331年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人69and a stone tablet was made for her according to the imperial decree (以此旨勒石刻碑) and erected here side by side with the tablet of the four saints (与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙) .70Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements(大成殿) is the main building of Confucian Temple大成殿是文庙的主体建筑，71and the very place to enshrine and worship Confucius (供奉和祭祀孔子的地方).72 The hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in ancient imitation (重檐歇山顶仿古建筑),73Displayed in the hall there is a huge portrait of Confucius (孔子巨幅画像),which is the largest one through out the country.Also put on show are the portraits of Yan Hui (颜回), Zeng Shen (曾参), Kong Ji (孔伋) (the grandson of Confucius) and Mengke (Mencius), the four disciples of Confucius as well as a number of ancient musical instruments.Hung on the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade-and-jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-of-pearl (罗钿) about the life story of Confucius (孔子生平事迹).In the temple courtyard (庙院) enclosed by roofed corridors, there is a large open-air terrace (露台), which used to be an altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performance of songs and dance (曾是祭祀和歌舞的地方). on the terrace there stands a huge bronze statue of Confucius. the forehead of the statue appears a unique wisdom-and-foresight of the great thinker (眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智), better making a deep impression on visitors.Juxing PavilionAt the west of the temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion (the pavilion with its 6 eaves upturned) called “Juxing”. The name of Juxing means “assembly of stars” (群星汇聚) and “a galaxy of talent” (人才荟萃), because all the men of letters or well-educated people were regarded as stars over the sky in feudal China. Juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on (聚集) and to learn from each other by exchanging their experience in study (切磋学习心得).Kuixing Pavilion (now called Kuiguang Pavilion)(魁光阁) atthe east of Pan Pool lies the Kuixing Pavilion, which is also called the Pavilion of God of Literature (文星阁). The three-storied hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination candidates (乡试士子们) to pay worship to Confucius before they sit for imperial examinations (应考前拜孔的地方). Later,the pavilion was turned into a teahouse (茶社) for candidates (考生) to meet friends with tea drinking.Kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the Big Dipper (魁为北斗星之第一星), one of the 28 constellations over the sky (天上28个星宿之一). It was said to be God of literature dominating the fortune of culture and education (主宰文运之神) and ,Confucius was regarded as the God. In times of imperial examinations (在科举时代), the examination candidates often came to offer sacrifice to Confucius in the hope of successfully passing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial graduate (以求中举).The Palace of Learning(学宫) The Palace of Learning is an architectural complex consisting of Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue (明德堂), Zunjing Library (尊经阁), Qingyun Tower (青云楼) and Ancestral Temple for Worshiping the Parents of Confucius (崇圣祠) etc. The Palace of Learning was an institution of higher learning (高等学府) of the prefecture in ancient times, usually built behind Confucian Temple.Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue(明德堂) was the main hall (正堂) of Palace of Learning ,the place for putting up the list of successful candidates (张悬科第题名榜) in the years of th