英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词.ppt

1.表顺承、补充与递进,1.表顺承、补充与递进:and;whatsmore;besides;moreover;furthermore;inaddition;additionally;further（而且，况且）;similarly;also;either;too;whatsworse;ontheonehand.，ontheotherhand.；tomakematters/thingsworse(使事情更糟的是).如：Idontwanttogo;besides,Imtootired.Therentisreasonable,andmoreover,thelocationisperfect.,2.表转折,2.表转折：but;however;yet;instead;onthecontrary（相反地）;nevertheless（然而）;otherwise;afterall(毕竟).Eg:Itstoohottogoforawalk,letsgoswimminginstead.,3.表因果(1)引出原因,3.表因果：(1)引出原因:for;as;since;nowthat;because;thanks/owing/dueto;becauseof;onaccountof;asaresult/consequenceof;inconsequenceof;resultfrom（vt，由引起）;Eg:Weshouldbemorecareful,foritisalreadydark.Letsstayathome,foritsraininghardoutside.,(2)引出结果,(2)引出结果:so;therefore;thus;hence;asaresult/consequence;inconsequence;consequently;accountfor（v，是的原因）;resultin（vt，导致）;leadto（vt，导致）;bringabout（vt，导致）;cause（vt，导致）;sothat(以致);(so)that;(祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子）Eg:Thesebirdsareveryrareandthereforeprotectedbylaw.,4.表让步,4.表让步:although;though;while;evenif/though;while;as倒装句；疑问词-ever;nomatter+疑问词;despite;inspiteof;however;inanycase;Eg:WhileIreallydontlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.FailasIdid,Iwouldnevergiveup.,5.表目的,5.表目的:inorderto/that;soasto;forfearthat;sothat(以便);lest;incase（以防，以免）.Eg:Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.Shetookanumbrellawithherforfear(that)itmightrain.,6.表条件,6.表条件:if;unless;once(一旦,用于将来动作);so/aslongas（只要）;suppose(that);supposingthat;providing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);giventhat;onconditionthat（如果）;incase+句子;incaseof+名词（万一）.Eg:Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,wewilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.IncaseJohncomes,pleasetellhimtowait.Youmayborrowthebook,onconditionthatyoudonotlendittoanyoneelse.,7.表时间,7.表时间:before;after;when;while;as;since;until;till;theweek/year;bythetime;assoonas;themoment/minute/instant/second/time+句子;nosoonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhen;on/upon+名词/动名词;eversince（从那时以来）;fromthenon;lately;recently;later;afterwards;Eg:Wellleavetheminuteyouareready.Ihadhardlycomehomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIcomehomewhenitbegantorain.,8表示特定的顺序关系,8表示特定的顺序关系：tobeginwith;initially;firstofall;firstly;first;secondly;second;then;next;finally;intheend;eventually;lastbutnotleast；atlast;Eg:Andaboveall,remembertosendusyournewaddress.FirstlyIllmentiontheadvantage,thenIlltalkaboutthedisadvantages.,9.换一种方式表达,9.换一种方式表达：inotherwords;thatistosay;toputitanotherway.Eg:Letsgobacktotheoriginalplan,thatistosay,yougoaheadbyplaneandwellfollowbycarwiththeequipment.Yourperformanceintheexamdidntreachtherequiredstandardinotherwords,youfailed.,10.进行举例说明,10.进行举例说明：forinstance;forexample;like;foronething.，foranother.;inparticular；agoodexample(of.)wouldbe.；suchas.Eg:Weveplantedlotsofdifferentflowers,suchasroses,carnations.,11.用于陈述事实,11.用于陈述事实：infact;inreality;asamatteroffact;actually;totellyouthetruth.Eg:Shesaysitsagoodfilm.Actually,shehasntseenitatall.Totellyouthetruth,whowillgotothemeetingisnotimportant.,12.对一个话题进行总结,12.对一个话题进行总结：onthewhole;inshort;allinall;ingeneral;inbrief；tosumup；inconclusion;insummary；toconclude；inaword.Eg:Onthewhole,theareaofdesertintheworldisgrowingeveryyear.Inshort,thefilmwasthebestIveeverseen.,Task:Writeacompositionwiththelogicalwordswejustlearned.(About120-180w