不定式做后置定语.doc

_不定式作后置定语动词不定式作定语，修饰其前面的名词或代词，也叫中心词，动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。1 主谓关系：不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行。可以改成定语从句。1) 不定式还可用来修饰人。He is a man to finish his task best.他是完成任务最好的人。He is a man who has finished his task best.He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个敢做敢当的勇敢之人。He was a brave man who could do what he did.2) 不定式常可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。The next train which would arrive was from New York.The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.下月将在北京召开的世界数学大会一定取得圆满成功。The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.2 动宾关系：不定式所修饰的中心词跟不定式有动宾关系。可改成定语从句。跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for somebody/something指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。1) 及物动词不定式：动词不定式直接放在所修饰的中心词之后。Do you have anything to say (which you will have to say)? 你有什么要说的吗？This is a delicious cake for you to eat (which you can eat).这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。2) 不及物动词不定式：由于不定式跟中心词有动宾关系，因此不及物动词或短语之后应该使用相应的介词。She has a room to live in.她有一间房子住。He has a child to take care of.他有一个孩子要照管。3) 有些名词接不定式做定语，可以省略介词，它们是：place, reason, time, way等。Is that the way to do it (in which/that it can be done)? 这是做这个事情的方法吗？You need a place to sleep (where/in which you can sleep).你需要一个睡觉的地方。It is time to go to bed (at which/when/thatwe went to bed).该上床睡觉的时候了。4) 不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动词的宾语、双宾语动词的宾语，也可以是及物短语动词的宾语。He found no good music to enjoy.他发现没有好音乐可欣赏。(music是及物动词found的宾语)They brought her some clothes to wash.他们带给她一些要洗的衣服。(clothes是双宾语动词brought的直接宾语)She looked for some interesting novels toread.她找一些有趣的小说来阅读。(novels是短语动词looked for的宾语)3 同位关系：不定式跟中心词有同位关系。这类名词一般都只能用不定式作定语。1) 某些由同源动词转变而来的名词，同源动词以不定式做宾语，同源名词则以不定式做定语，不定式跟中心词是同位关系。这样只能以不定式作定语的名词：ability, anxiety, attempt, curiosity, decision, desire, disposition, failure, freedom, inclination, obligation, offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish, yearning等。I have no wish to quarrel (= dont wish to quarrel) withyou.我并不希望跟你吵架。Their decision to leave (=That they decided to leave) was very annoying.他们决定走叫人心烦。You havent kept your promise to write (=promised towrite) us regularly.你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。2) 某些以不定式作状语的形容词，派生转化为同源名词后，也可以用不定式作定语。不定式跟这个名词中心词也是同位关系。在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。Her anxiety to succeed led her to workhard.她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。His ability to get on with people is hischief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。4 状语关系：中心词接上适当的介词可以看成是不定式的状语。1) 修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，也可以使用介词接动名词的方式。这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式做定语，解释中心词的内容。这样的名词有如：ambition, campaign, chance, honor, mood, need,necessity, plan, opportunity, reason, right, time, way等。Give me your reasons to go/for going there.告诉我你去那儿的理由。He told me his plan to buy/for buying avilla.他跟我说，他计划买栋别墅。I had no chance to speak/of speaking tohim.我没机会跟他讲话。2) 不及物动词加介词的不定式做定语，可以改成：preposition + whom/which +to do结构。Please