全程训练2018届高考英语一轮总复习周周测一阅读理解专练4词句猜词题.docx

专题(四)词句猜词题猜测词义类A(2017银川检测)Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.1. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Complex Than You ThinkD. Trees Contribute To Our Society2. In Simards opinion, trees _.A. depend on each other B. protect their own wealthC. compete for survival D. provide support for dying trees3. We can learn from the passage that _.A. “mother trees” are usually of no use to other treesB. Charles Darwin had the same thought as SimardC. people know much about the complex “tree societies”D. if “mother trees” are cut down, the survival for the entire forest will be affected4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. how trees grow old B. how “tree societies” workC. how forestry industry develops D. how young trees surviveB(2017临沂二模)Whether its joining a school club, going to a friends birthday party, or travelling by train, we can meet new people anywhere and anytime in our lives. However, many of us feel awkward when meeting people for the first time, especially when we arent quite sure what to say. The situation feels cold, even icy.“Breaking the ice” is a term widely used in the Englishspeaking countries to describe a small talk technique that can help rescue a conversation from certain failure.So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look grumpy or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person youve ever met.You might think that breaking the ice is difficult. But sometimes just a simple “hello”， followed by a threesecond smile, can make all the difference.Complimenting someone on their garment or accessories (饰品) is also a great, easy way to break the ice. You might say, “I love your jacket. Where did you buy it from？”Being in an uncomfortable or unpleasant situation with someone new might feel terrible, but it can actually be one of the best icebreakers. By focusing on the situation, you come together to fight the common enemy: The long bathroom queue, for example, or the overcrowded bus.You can make observations too. “What kind of drink is that？”“Thats a lovely name. What does it mean？”“Do you study here too？” There are opportunities all around you to ask questions that dont seem weird, as long as you have some followup questions in mind.If youre feeling extra bold, make a joke. Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character. “Whats your name？”“Well, people usually call me Mike, but you can call me tonight.”5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How to develop friendship with a strangerB. Advice on breaking the ice when we communicate with a strangerC. How to become a successful public speakerD. How to start a conversation with a person6. The underlined word “grumpy” can be replaced by “_”A. easily annoyed B. gentleC. lowspirited D. cheerful7. What can we learn from the passage?A“Breaking the ice” is a small talk technique widely used in our daily communication all over the world.B. As long as you can smile at others, you will make some friends.C. Realizing that its normal to feel nervous in front of a stranger is a good start to break the ice.D. Being in an uncomfortable situation with some strangers can be the best icebreakers.8. According to the passage, making a joke _.A. can be done with easeB. leads to many new friendsC. can show your wisdom and lovely characterD. makes you enjoy your life happilyC(2017湖北武汉武昌高三调研)Brooke Martins golden retriever (金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered：“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone？”Working with her father in their garage, the 16yearold came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to answer the call，”explains Brooke. “It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. Its a twoway audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul，Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony LangerAnderson, a product development scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path，” LangerAnderson told LiveScience. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen？” Martin said. She and LangerAnderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. LangerAnderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way. “So the kids dont get buried in data，” she said.9. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A. “iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competitionB. A 16yearold girl invents a device for dogs hungerC. A manmade device lets people chat with their petsD. A kidinvented device calms dogs separation anxiety10. “iCPooch” calms pet dogs by _.A. allowing video chat B. making dogs sleepC. answering the call D. giving them food11. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”？A. competitors B. assistantsC. instructors D. companions12. What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A. They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B. They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C. They cope with the problems related to computers.D. They are all accomplished through individual work.D(2017东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟)Jack was born without eyes. He was very lucky as he grew up having other kittens(young cats) to socialize with, and was used to people from the moment he was born. However, when it came time to find the kittens homes, no one knew where Jack would end up.Thats when I got an email from my friend. All she asked was “Do you still want one of the kittens? Theres one here with no eyes and no one would like to take him.” Without thinking, I told her that I did want the kitten.When we first brought him home, Jack stayed mostly in my room. After about a day he had no issues running around and climbing on everything. At times he gets lost in the house, hell stop. But we just call him and talk to him and it isnt long before he finds his way back to us.A few weeks after getting Jack, we got a new farm cat named Bear. Jack and Bear have become best friends. It doesnt matter that he cant see. He always knows when Bear is around. Hell run across the yard straight to Bear and wrap his front legs around his neck in a big hug. They run after each other around and wrestle. Theyll lie down in the grass together when tired.Jack is truly an inspiration. Ive owned lots of kittens in my life, but Jack is the happiest and most playful. He doesnt feel sorry for himself. He doesnt need pity. I think Jean, owner of Gumbo, another eyeless cat, said it is best when she told me that cats dont have disabilities, they have adaptability.13. Why did Jack come to our home?A. I cared for an eyeless cat.B. I didnt mind whether he was blind.C. No other young cats kept him company.D. My friend begged me to take him home.14. Which of the following statements is true?A. Jack often wrestles with Bear indoors.B. Jack likes to play with a new eyeless cat.C. Jack quickly adapts to the new environment.D. Jack is good at talking and playing with people.15. What does the underlined word “issues” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trouble. B. Fun. C. Luck. D. Business.16. What can we learn from the passage?A. A cat has nine lives.B. All is well that ends well.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. A good beginning makes a good ending.猜测短语类A(2017山西高三年级第三次四校联考)The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she is_bombarded_with credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls.With so many college students graduating with large amounts of credit card debt (figures vary, but most are at least in the thousands), learning how to manage a student credit card can be an important lesson for any student. While using a card wisely can be an important part of building credit and making it through a difficult time, knowing how to use a card wisely can be the hard part.Stick to the following rules when, and if, you need to use a credit card：You can repay the charges within the cards next billing cycle.You must meet your basic needs, like food, clothing and shelter, but set rules and be aware that you will need to repay those charges at the end of the month.You can talk to the financial aid office in your school for an alternative in “emergency” situations.If you do want a credit card, just be smart about it.(They let you into that school because of your brain, right？) Dont automatically get the first one you find. Shop around for a card that has the lowest interest rate possible, and consider places that may not be advertising on campus. Additionally, be aware of any cards repayment options: When will payments be due? How much will they be? A credit card is not like a loan that comes with a grace period(宽限期) after you graduate and waits until you are done with school. That new sweater and nice dinner out will need to be paid back right away.1. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Be confused by. B. Be terribly hurt by.C. Be attracted by. D. Be surrounded by.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. A college freshman should be careful when choosing a credit card.B. Students should take a lesson about how to use a credit card wisely.C. A credit card will be the only help for students in emergency situations.D. The author doesnt appreciate the idea of having a credit card on campus.3. Whats the best title for this passage?A. Economic Tips for College StudentsB. Dos and Donts in Using Student Credit CardsC. Mistakes about Student Credit Cards Use in CollegeD. Student Credit CardsWhat You Need to Know4. If this is a passage of a college newspaper, in which column can we read it?A. Entertainment. B. Advertisement.C. Economy. D. Education.B(2017淄博高三诊断)Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.But thats only part of the_story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.Of course daydreaming is no substitute (代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone cant turn you into your hearts desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.5. From the scientific research, a few minutes daydreaming will _.A. relieve stress effectively B. improve grades C. escape from real life and duties D. gain a positive attitudes towards exams6. According to Dr. Joan T. Freyberg, daydreaming can _.A. reduce failure in examinationsB. help rapid and continuous physical growthC. improve selfcontrol and creative abilitiesD. benefit improvement of concentration7. What does “the_story” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The attention. B. The conclusion.C. The contribution. D. The concentration.8. Nightingale and Edison are examples to explain that daydreaming probably _.A. earns a good reputation B. takes the place of hard workC. pictures future profession D. turns the desire into realityCMany good students, despite having studied, didnt do as well as they had hoped in their final exams. Here are some common reasons: Often, the length of the exam is a problem. According to Pulizter prizewinning psychologist Daniel Kahneman, mental effort is surprisingly exhausting. Thinking hard and staying focused burns up lots of mental energy.In Thinking Fast and Slow, Kahneman explains that we have a finite capacity(容量) for mental effort, and our brains will become exhausted if forced to think hard for extended periods. It takes a great deal of mental energy to keep several ideas that require separate actions in ones mind at the same time, Switching tasks also takes a lot of effort, especially under time pressure.To save mental energy, our brains can become “lazy”. The human mind automatically searches for the simplest answer to a question, often exchanging the actual question for an easier one without knowing it. This tendency causes many a student to fail to follow directions or complete multistep problems.“Mental blindness” also contributes to students inability to notice details. There are strict limits to how much data our attention can handle (the maximum seems to be 128 bits of information per second), so when we are applying a lot of attention to one task, we become blind to everything else.Fortunately, as people acquire more knowledge and skills, cognitive (认知的) tasks require less mental effort. Students need to try to know materials thoroughly, which means studying over time, to slow down, and to reread directions and check their work because they may have been “mentally blind” when they did it the first time.9What does the underlined word “finite” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Large. B. Limited. C. Spare. D. Decreasing.10. Why can our brains become “lazy”？A. To show that were too lazy to use our brains.B. To let our brains