2019年中考英语总复习优化设计第三部分题型专题探究专题三完形填空课件人教新目标版.ppt

专题三完形填空,题型1,题型2,完形填空是一种考查考生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力以及语篇理解能力的题型。它介于单项选择和阅读理解之间,结合了这两种题型的特点,既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解。题型1选择型完形填空选择型完形填空是中考中最常见的一种完形填空题型。文章通常设置1015个空白,对每个空白处提供四个选项,要求考生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使文章句意通顺、内容完整。,题型1,题型2,选择型完形填空的解题方法:1.重视首句,把握开篇。细读首句,通常可判断文章体裁,同时还可预测文章的主旨和大意。2.通读全文,掌握大意。解题前,要快速通读全文,了解文章的基本内容和整体结构。首先要跳过空白处,通读全文,遇到对意思理解不透的地方时,仍要快速阅读下去,不要把时间浪费在对个别字句的推敲上,应全力以赴捕捉可能获得的所有信息,尽快了解文章大意,弄清楚文章中所涉及的“W”,即:who(人物),what(事件),when(时间),where(地点),why(原因),whose(相互关系)。切忌看一空填一空,以免断章取义,误解作者的本意。3.瞻前顾后,逐步填空。“瞻前顾后”,即答题时要回顾上一句,兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白处待填,在初定答案时要“双管齐下”,在两处同时试填,然后通读全句,确定答案。,题型1,题型2,4.抓住关键点,根据上下文解题。解题时,要善于发现文章中起重要作用的词、短语或句子,以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系,做到言之有据。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等,它们往往是全文或全段的主题句,通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。5.复读全文,验证答案。把填好的短文通读一遍,将不合题意的答案进行调整或修改;如果实在无法确定,可以作推理性猜测,不可放弃不填。进行核查时注意以下三点:(1)上下文的一致性:时态、语态的一致;代词、名词、单复数的一致。(2)语法和惯用法及习惯搭配。(3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。,题型1,题型2,【例1】Ascienceteacherwantstoshowsomeideastohisstudents.Hetakesalarge-mouthbottleand1severallargestonesinit.Hethenaskstheclass,“Isthebottlefullnow?”Theyallreply,“Yes!”Theteacherthentakessomesmallrocksandputsthemintothe2.Thesmallrocksgointothe3betweenthebigrocks.Hethenasks,“Isitfull?”Thistimesomestudentsgivenoanswer,butmostreply,“Yes!”,1.A.touchesB.placesC.pushesD.hits2.A.mouthB.cupC.bottleD.bowl3.A.spacesB.roomsC.fieldsD.edges,答案,题型1,题型2,答案,Theteacherthenstartstodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesand4thespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.Forthe5time,theteacherasks,“Isitfull?”Nowmostaredoubting,butstill,somereply,“Yes!”4.A.putsupB.turnsupC.setsupD.fillsup5.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth,题型1,题型2,Thentheteacherbringsoutacupofwaterintothebottle.“Whatsthe6ofthisshow?”askstheteacher.One7studentanswers,“Nomatter(无论)how8youare,youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethings.“No,”saystheteacher,“thepointisthat9youdontplacethebigrocksintothebottlefirst,youllnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksarethe10thingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsasshownbythesmallrocks,thesandandthewateryoullneverhavethetimefortheimportantthings.”,6.A.pointB.methodC.progressD.rule7.A.angryB.funnyC.brightD.crazy8.A.busyB.richC.greatD.popular9.A.whatB.untilC.unlessD.if10.A.pleasantB.importantC.friendlyD.interesting,答案,题型1,题型2,题型2短文填空型完形填空短文填空型完形填空的特点与选择型完形填空的特点差不多,要求在正确理解和把握文章大意的基础上通过上下文的逻辑关系来填写空缺单词。它是考查学生综合运用英语思维能力的一种有效的方法,不仅能比较准确地考查学生的各项知识水平,而且还能培养和提高学生综合运用英语知识的能力。短文填空型完形填空常见的有两种形式:一种是根据语境或给出的首字母填空;第二种是用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。让考生借助掌握的知识和对文章的理解进行完形填空,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。,题型1,题型2,短文填空型完形填空的解题方法:1.从文章整体出发。要填的单词只有在具体的语言环境中才能确定,因此首先要掌握文章大意,才能正确理解空缺词在句子中的意义,从而做出合理的选择。2.从语法结构考虑。一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在的句型结构和句法成分来判断出其词性,这样可以缩小空缺词的选择范围,增加选词的准确率。,题型1,题型2,3.从文章的前后联系确定词的形式。确定了空缺处单词的词性后,还要借助上下文确定出它的适当形式。如:若空缺处需要填写动词,那么就要考虑动词的时态、语态等;若空缺处需要填写形容词,那么就要考虑形容词的比较级、最高级及固定句式等。4.通读全文,验证答案。填完所有单词后,不可孤立地逐个词检查,而要将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否流畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等,发现问题及时纠正。,题型1,题型2,【例2】阅读理解填词InatowninFrance,therewasafarmerwholivedalone.Everydayhes1apoundofbuttertohisneighbour,whowasabaker.Onedaythebakerdecidedtoweighthebuttertoseei2hewasgettingapound.Afterheweighedit,hefoundthathewasnt.Thebakerthentookthefarmertothejudge(法官).,1.s2.i,sold,if,题型1,题型2,Thejudgewantedtoknowthefarmerswaystoweighthebutter.Thefarmerreplied,“Imsop3thatIdonothaveenoughmoneytobuyanythingtoweighit.H4,Idohaveakindofscale(天平).”Thejudgeasked,“Thenh5doyouweighthebutter?”Thefarmerreplied,“Beforethebakerstartedbuyingbutterfromme,Ihadboughtbreadfromhim.SonoweverytimewhenIb6homethebreadfromthebaker,Iputitonthescaleandgivehimthebutterofthesamew7.”,3.p4.H5.h6.b7.w,poor,However,how,bring,weight,题型1,题型2,Wealwaysgetbackwhatwegivetoothers.Wheneveryoutakeaction,askyourselfthisquestion,“AmIhonest?”Honestyordishonestycanbecomeahabit.Somedishonestpeoplecanliew8aredface.Othersliesom9thattheydonotevenknowwhatthetruthisanymore.Butwhoisitbadfor?Infact,thosewholiewillhurtt10bytheirowndishonestbehaviour.8.w9.m10.t,without,much,themselves,题型1,题型2,【例3】短文填空(2018乌鲁木齐中考)Thereoncewasafarmerwhogrewthebestcorninhistown.Oneday,hisfriendScottaskedhim1hegrewthebestcorn.Thefarmertoldhimthatheoftengavehisgoodcornseeds(种子)tohis2.“3doyougiveyourgoodseedstoyourneighbors?Theywillcompete4you!”Scottasked..,how,neighbors,Why,with,题型1,题型2,“Why?”thefarmerlaughed.“Dontyouknow?Thewindpicksuppollen(花粉)fromthecornand5itfromfieldtofield.Ifmyneighborsgrowbadcorn,thebadpollenwillhavebadinfluenceon6.Mycorncannotimprove7myneighborscornimproves.”Itisthesamewithourlives.Those8choosetoliveinpeacemusthelptheirneighborstoliveinpeace.Thosewhochoosetolivewellmusthelp9tolivewell.Andthosewhochoosetobehappymusthelpotherstofind10,asthehappinessofeachhassomethingtodowiththehappinessofall..9.10.,blows/spreads,mine,unless,who,others,happiness,题型1,题型2,【例4】综合填空(2017西宁中考)阅读短文,从下面方框中选择正确的单词,并用其适当形式完成下面的短文。Thissummer,myfamilyandmyauntsfamilywenttoNationalParksinCanada.Wespentmostofthetimehiking(徒步).,happyhandfollowloveonethinkfull,题型1,题型2,Oneday,wehikedtoapopularhikingwayinCanada.Everythingwasbeautiful.MycousinandIsawlotsof1animalslikesquirrels(松鼠)andchipmunks(花栗鼠).Surprisinglywesawachipmunkwithdirtyhands.Hishandswere2ofberryjuice!MycousinandInameditJairo.We3thatJairowasaverycleverchipmunk.He4ust