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1.able, capable, competent g O gZ able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) no)Spo capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) KdC5 1Nv competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) PF1!aAvVb ;i&AAbj 2.aboard, abroad, board, broad SU Gk aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship. zb?wl fT abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad. 2 ;Q: board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now. 0k:&7(j broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders. iORCOOU tborRi) 3.accept, receive AA!NL% accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。) Ac;cJc! 5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain #i(1 L accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。) ;gaae=Fg complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?) IB?5y+h finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:Ill finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。) 4 ovMan achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard. 78PSoo Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. %pV/(/Q p+A#tK 6.accurate, correct, exact, precise 4WDh8U accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。) FhS:. correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong. vt.fT#e exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。 9-z8PyF precise强调“精确”,“精密”。 j9bt GX OV_Yu7YR 7.accuse, charge, sue s=h accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness. M,7A|?O charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving. $!)Sgb sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. O$%M.C veIR)idx 8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire ARvT achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。) 5w.Z0v acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识) 2Nu:r inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a persons name(问一个人的姓名) XKWBk.1 require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。) $T7hY$2Q l 09?n5x!6 9.act, action, deed #k? Rl act 用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。) _i .5 action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。) oHZqX.3 deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。) w7HsJ UNocm0!N 10.actual, true, real, genuine b0LjNOR6 14.adopt, adapt GWvw4 adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。) .HvuG,O adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。 nUy.gAb 6l|/Y 15.advance, proceed, progress 9O 均可表“前进”。 6LcSR advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleons army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。) , UsY0YC proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。) .0Kc|b=w peogress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。) u*T( n s l O9C&1A|lA 16.advantage, benefit, profit Mg4) DW advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。) 2t4L 3 profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?) Wqkzj;G benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。) 5nrB /B$pE 均可表“劝说”。 H; NV?CD advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。) Z-Uu/GjB convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。) kUhB1D5 persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。) n.&7lgX az F!V 18.affect, effect 7GOBb| affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health. foTN!5WF effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us. s9ix&m b-_l&;NWg 19.afford, provide, supply Fqeqn, 都有“提供,供给”的意思。 !0l|c4 e afford一般只用于抽象事物。 MGF !ZZ provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。 %1SFB (2;(TbQm0 20.agree, consent n ZPB agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?) *vNAm(N consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?) tv-SX =T XcbEh21.aid, help, assist v#%uLl 用作动词均可表“帮助”。 k3/JQD aid为正式用词,help最常用。 J%f=A1Q assist最正式,表示协助某人做某事,尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。) b8hYJL2 0ehab 22.alive, living, live (m3I#L alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。 lQ#jxp living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。 C?/rly live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。 /k ,& 7#*3* 23.almost, nearly m_A1D/_ 一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。 y(/jTS/ hd 在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。) /ZA/:Oa+ almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。) Pp1zW3+Q 1 AV1d%F 24.alone, lonely iXUWIgr alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。) pr62: alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。) Ij;=fG JwNJm 25.already, all ready B,f already已经(副词)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport. ?1ex 作不及物动词时,两者可通用。 .i MnWW 作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面的,彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗?) o)0C-yO0qf X 7eZ)l 27.altogether, all together d/l,C4p altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。) BqQ xAF all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。) I!61 K SEc./$ 28.amaze, astonish, surprise * nLIXnm 都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。 R_7 6W& amaze强调“使惊讶”,有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。 tzPC/? astonish表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。 L1rwIOgq surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。 RL?Xn3 EA6t36|TX 29.among, between A?DB#-z.r among 在中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees. %MbyKz:X between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. e0L%2K -c#jo.$8 30.announce, declare a8zZgIV announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。) 5,R&K3D declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。) hg8Be6G _=EZ !%31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb =(7nl#o annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 %Rn*oV bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions? pCh v; disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you. jzK1 )?$iu7 s 32.answer, reply, respond 1gPeG, 用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。 gYB!KM *v answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。 SMXJZmH reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。) ?,- Oi respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。) .Sgl o 另外,respond还可表“对反应”,“响应”。 Q(CqQo! ,o:nrya 33. appreciate, enjoy ygKP6M appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。 Coicfg0 enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,“享受”的意味较强。 YYWDY8 6jq*lnA% 34. approve, prove )U&9d approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I dont approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。) #(qr (2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。 LbLMV prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。 GfONm 6A T+Yv5l 35. argue, debate, dispute $0V+ debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated. 5( O?#P dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses. _#wo k (AE%eA 36. arise, rise, raise $l4 arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发生”。 r )?5d rise指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。) Pfs_tu raise为及物动词,“使上升”,“举起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他举了手。) !Gqi0 i|JQW5= cWQ &zc 38. awake, wake, waken Ns3tGh 都可作动词。 P$OG$n awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。 m*e8jw# wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。 -&y&b- waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。 NUi&x+ V2 .X+u&X uOy5s8 42. beat, win T1Ln)CS?9 beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。 aC $h_ Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。) Pjk pjV qXdbuDEP 43. beneath, below, under vErbX3RY2 beneath表示同表面接触,与on 相对。Below表示“在下面,低于”,与above相对。 l%3Q=c under表示“在正下方”与over相对。 xfZ9&g o7Z#,2 44. beside, besides +RKE|*y beside在旁边。如:Come and sit beside me. A1&L9nUx besides除之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one. TPmZ/c q2W|I 45. big, great, large E;+OD&| big强调体积,质量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意义,指重大的事件或行为。如:a big mistake M#gGD- great带感情色彩,多指程度和质量,指具体事物或人时,表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man OrqJo!FEg large多指面积,数目或数量大。如:a large population, a large number等。 mQ rDW lDMZ3(/b 46. bloom, blossom y5tAp bloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如:The roses are blooming. lM), blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如:The apple trees are blossoming. vpw&?T ,aAzjZ 47. borrow, lend YtbaX bring带来。如:Bring me some water, please. Y -BY5E. take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her? vIkA= o+Z9h1z%, 49. calculate, compute, estimate %.U):lNx calculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂,难度较大的精确计算。如:You cant expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy. w_)Spo. compute常指比较简单的运算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination. JxCm K estimate估计,常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next years rainfall. -H4brj;G JiN:l- 50. cheat, deceive, trick EPRs%(w cheat欺骗,常用词,主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。 N)j+Pz deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying. /j trick哄骗,表示耍手段进行欺骗,强调在行骗时使用计策,有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval. xeEaD5m%J 51. childish, childlike KX?o nsZ childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant. .0Bl&UK childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face. 06 QU Ne3R.g9;Z 52. choose, pick, select, elect _p6 29 choose是一常用词,表一般的“选择”。 vs 4vS6 pick通常用于不需要认真权衡,对比就能做出决定。 bF*NWm$Lf select侧重“在同类的许多东西中,进行有斟酌的精选”。 J hbP+2 elect指选举或用其他方法推选人。 /D 53. cloth, clothing !22yvT.; cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit. p,F0OU2: clothing衣服(总称)。如:Youd better give all the old clothing away. halGLN 6U8V ?E 54. complex, complicated ; dd Q/ 均可表“复杂”。 PmR*Aw complex为常用词。 #eK= complicated为正式用词,表由于组成部分太多,相互关系太复杂而不能理解,语气很强。 Lq (ZcEKo GX&b;N 55. compose, consist, constitute .pgUC ! compose为常用词,常用被动语态,如用主动语态,主语应用复数形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。) =Z G:xHg consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。) qHjC constitute为正式用词,与consist相反,表由哪些部分构成整体。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。) 1w(JEqY3h: ,Gkw 56. considerable, considerate qU6nJi+-I considerable相当多的,可观的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。) Ezs considerate 考虑周到的,体谅的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人,不打扰我们。) G rmzkNlN l7oi! 57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous I G|B consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words. continuous不断延伸的,连续不断的,强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change. P0H6 mn* ae:zWk! 58. crack, crash U9D!GKVp crack(使)破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it, but I cant break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。) (bB%rFO crash摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。) yQ#:J9HMJ *d&5 59. crawl, creep G$ _yy: crawl多指蛇,虫类等身体沿地面或其他表面的动作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一虫子正在你的背上往上爬。) Sz H y*DQ5cag creep多指哺乳动物或人等用四肢爬行的动物偷偷摸摸无声缓慢的前行动作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我们迟到了,便悄悄地溜进教室。) 5|jws7 &ZL3M 60. cure, treat uq#ai5I cure治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。) irN6g#B? cure表示治好,treat只表示“给治病”。 |g= 61. current, present +Fp&K+ EsTB(9c? 均可表“现在”,“目前”。 Od-Ax+Hp &atyDFJ current强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语) b)pZiQP +(&|uq present为常用词,指现在正在通用的,在时间上比current的范围更窄。如:Whats your present address?(你现住址是哪里?) XXm6xD- iZ y7s PE#DDg 62. custom, habit SdO9Yy?7 -N# #w= 均可表习惯。 E9$H nj+m uJ8HB custom为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。 hQ;5IKvC MZ.(& habit为常用词,多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。) jv-| 9L HuS |Fp/|w2d 63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin c&e0OVm OjATSmZ 均可表“破坏”,“损坏”。 - 0DZ: IhmbBlDv damage一般指部分性的破坏,含可修复使用。 qK-qcPLsl c_DaNEfaY destroy指十分彻底的毁坏,破坏。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整个城市被毁了。) c dDYk (H2ylMpQt harm多指带来悲痛,产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。) .NkZ9Lk V1!&Q6 ruin为正式用词,强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上,把它毁了。)另外,ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”。 ed=nP l,dQ4R hjQ&M 64. decrease, reduce ;& RUE , - QR decrease多表示逐渐缩小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。) s.f.o 3a rKN reduce为常用词,使用范围较大,可指尺寸,数量,规模和程度等,也可指地位,

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