当代世界国际关系与组织.ppt

LECTURER:DR.Andrea,PEI-SHANKAO,ContemporaryWorld:InternationalRelationsandOrganisations當代世界:國際關係與組織Unit10:SomeImportantSocialandEconomicIssuesinContemporaryWorld,*國際恐怖主義(Terrorism)*跨國犯罪暴力組織(TransnationalCriminal&ViolenceOrganisations)*國際慈善救援團體(InternationalAidOrganisations)*國際人口販賣問題(HumanTrafficking),Terrorism:(恐怖主義)Definition:Violenceorotherharmfulactscommitted(orthreatened)againstciviliansforpoliticalorotherideologicalgoals.Anyactsofunlawfulviolencethatareintendedtocreatefearorterror.-對非武裝人員有組織地使用暴力或以暴力相威脅，通過將一定的對象至於恐怖之中，來達到某種政治目的的行為。Objects:Toforcepoliticalchangebyconvincingagovernmentorpopulationtoagreetotheirdemands.政治訴求*TerrorismActsofTerror=CriminalActs,TerroristsGroupsListofUSDepartmentofState:美國國務院公佈之國際恐怖主義名單:基地組織(Al-Qaida)奧姆真理教(AumSupremeTruth,Aum,即AmuShinrikyo,Aleph)巴斯克民族和自由組織(BasqueFatherlandandLiberty,ETA)哈馬斯(HAMAS，IslamicResistanceMovement伊斯蘭抵抗運動)聖戰者運動(Harakatul-Mujahidin,HUM)真主黨(Hizballah，即PartyofGod)等Source:ChinaDaily,August29,2007,CaseStudy:FoodforthePoor,-FoodforthePoor(FFP)establishedin1982tospirituallyrenewimpoverishedpeoplethroughoutLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.ItisaninternationalChristianhumanitarianaidorganisationthatprovidesfood,housing,medicalservices,educationandministrytopoorpeopleandfamilies.-Theylinkedthechurchofthedevelopedcountrieswiththechurchoftheunderdevelopedcountriestohelpboththemateriallypoorandthepoorinspirit.(Seetheirwebsitein/site/c.dnJGKNNsFmG/b.3074717/k.BE96/Home.htm),ResearchonHumanTrafficking1.名詞定義及解釋:何謂人口販賣?DefinitionandExplanation:Whatishumantrafficking?2.個案研究(一):CaseStudy13.個案研究(二):CaseStudy2,1.DefinitionandExplanation:Whatishumantrafficking?*Itistherecruitment,transportation,harbouring,orreceiptofpeopleforthepurposeofexploitation.*Thevictimstypicallyarerecruitedbycoercion,deception,fraud,theabuseofpower.Threatsandviolencecanmakevictimsagreetoexploitation.*Exploitationmethods:forcingadultvictimstoprostitution,forcedlabour,slaveryortheremovaloforgans.Forcingchildrentoprostitution,illegalinternationaladoption,earlymarriage,orrecruitmentaschildsoldiers,beggars.,WhyHumanTrafficking)IllegalImmigration?Illegalimmigrationmeansimmigrationacrossnationalbordersinawaythatviolatestheimmigrationlawsofthedestinationcountry.Thatis,anillegalimmigrantisaforeignerwhoeitherhasillegallycrossedaninternationalpoliticalborder,oraforeignerwhohasenteredacountrylegallybutthenoverstayshis/hervisa.,Aboutthevictims:*Theyareusuallythemostvulnerableandpowerlessminoritiesinaregion.*Theyoftencomefromthepoorerareas,suchasKosovo,Indonesia,Bulgaria,Romania,whereopportunitiesarelimited,*Theyoftenareethnicminorities.Childrentrafficking:*Traffickedchildrenoftencomefrompoorfamily.Theyaresoldbytheirparentstotraffickerstopayoffdebtsorgetincomeortheymaybedeceivedconcerningtheprospectsoftrainingandabetterlifefortheirchildren.*CaseInWestAfrica:traffickedchildrenhaveoftenlostoneorbothparentstotheAfricanAIDScrisis.*Theadoptionprocess,legalandillegal,resultsincasesoftraffickingofbabiesandpregnantwomenbetweentheWest(theUnitedStates)andthedevelopingworld(India).,IntheUSA:(NHTRC),TheNHTRCisaDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS)-fundedprogramoperatedandimplementedbyPolarisProjectforthepurposeofprovidinganational,24-hour,toll-freehotlinenumberforthehumantraffickingfieldintheUnitedStates.Byoperatingthenationalhotline,theNHTRCworkstohelpimprovethenationalresponsetoprotectvictimsofhumantraffickingintheU.S.byprovidingcallerswitharangeofcomprehensiveservices.Availableservicesincludecrisisintervention,urgentandnon-urgentreferrals,tipreporting,andcomprehensiveanti-traffickingresourcesandtechnicalassistancefortheanti-traffickingfieldandthosewhowishtogetinvolved.TheNHTRCalsoworksincollaborationwiththeinfrastructureoftheanti-traffickingmovementintheUnitedStates,whichincludesHHSRescueandRestorecoalitions,DOJ-fundedHumanTraffickingTaskForces,FBIInnocenceLostTaskForces,Federalvictimsservicesandoutreachgrantees,statewidehumantraffickingtaskforces,community-ba