高中英语Unit2CloningSection1WarmingUpandReading课件新人教版选修.ppt

,Cloning,Unit2,牵手课堂,Scientistshaveusedcloningtechnologytotransformhumanskincellsintoembryonicstemcells,anexperimentthatmayrevivethecontroversyoverhumancloning.SincethebirthofDollythesheepin1996,researchershaveclonedabout20differentspecies,includingrabbits,goats,cowsandcats.Yettheysofarhavebeenunabletocreatebiologicallyidenticalcopiesofanymonkeyorprimate,includinghumans,possiblybecausetheirreproductivebiologyismorecomplicated.“Buttherefinements(改良品)describedinthelatestexperimentsuggestthatitsamatteroftimebeforetheyproduceaclonedmonkey,”saidJoseCibelli,acloningexpertatMichiganStateUniversity,whowasntinvolvedinthestudy.,Italsomeans,headded,“thattheyareonestepclosertowheretheefficiencyishighenoughthatsomeoneiswillingtotrytocloneaperson,thoughthatremainsadistantanddisturbingprospect.”Theresearcherswerentsimplytryingtoreachacloningmilestone.Instead,theywerelookingforabetterwaytomakefreshhumantissueforthetreatmentofsevereinjuriesordisease.Lab|growntissuehasthepotentialtotransformmedicine,thoughitisstillalongwayfromroutineclinicaluse.Forexample,freshnervecellscouldalleviatespinalcordinjuries,ornewlymadeheartcellscouldrepairasitescarredbyaheartattack.,SectionWarmingUpandReading,栏目导航,.Readthetextandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para1:（）A.Dollysproblemanddeath.Para2:（）B.Whatiscloning?Para3:（）C.Twomajorusesofcloning.Para4:（）D.ArgumentsbroughtbyDolly.Para5:（）E.TheeffectofDolly.,B,C,A,E,D,.Scanthetextandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1.Themainideaofthetextis.A.animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworldB.animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbiddenC.animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasbornD.animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture答案：D,2.Thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecause.A.itprovidestheeggcellB.itgivesbirthtothelambC.itprovidesthenucleusD.itisafemalesheep答案：C3.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethataclonedanimal.A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneB.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloneD.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone答案：C,4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext?A.Evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves.B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.D.Toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.答案：D,5.Whataboutthewritersattitudetowardcloninginthispassage?A.Thewriterisagainstcloning.B.Thewriterisinfavorofcloning.C.Thewriterdoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning.D.Thewriterisinagreementwithcloning.答案：C,.Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsinbracketsintheirproperformsorthewordsfromthetext.Cloningisawayofmakingan1._(exactly)copyofanotheranimalorplant.Cloninghastwomajoruses.Itisusedtoproducecommericialquantitiesofplants.Itisusedfor2._(medicine)researchonanimalsaswell.Cloningplantsisstraightforward3._cloninganimalsisverycomplicated.Itisadifficulttask4._(undertake).Manyattemptstoclonemammalsfailed.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaid5._in1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.,exact,medical,while,toundertake,off,Dollysappearanceraisedastormof6._(object)andhadagreatimpact7._themediaandpublic8._(imagine).AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeofthe9._(origin)sheep.Atpresentsomecountriesbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,10._othercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.,objections,on,imagination,original,but,Pointdiffervi.不同；相异；意见相左,考点一单词点击,AdiffersfromBinA与B在方面不同AdifferswithBabout/on/overA与B就意见相左,Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.（教材P10）考虑一下它们有怎样的不同。,ItseemstomethatcircleAdiffersslightlyfromcircleBinsizebutnotincolour.在我看来A圆和B圆大小有点不同，但颜色是一样的。Thetwosidesstilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。Iamsorrytodifferwithyouonthatquestion.对不起,在这个问题上,我与你的看法不一样。,（1）differencen.差异；争执；不同之处makea/some/nodifferenceto对有/有些/没有作用或影响（2）differentadj.不同的bedifferentfromin在方面与不同（3）differentlyadv.不同地,Whethershewilljoininthebirthdaypartymakesnodifferencetome.她是否参加生日晚会对我来说没有影响。Hishousediffers/isdifferentfrommineincolour.他的房子与我的房子在颜色上不同。,单句改错。(1)Thetwinsistersdifferonlythatoneisabitfatterthantheotherone.解析：句意：这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。differ为不及物动词，意为“不同；相异；意见相左”，如果表示“在方面有不同”时，其后应跟介词in。,in,(2)Amastersdegreedoesmakegreatdifferencetoastudentwhowantstogetajob.解析：句意：对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响。makeadifferenceto对有作用或影响，在这个结构里，difference是不可数名词，不可用makedifferencesto,但当其前有形容词修饰时，是抽象名词具体化，形容词前要加不定冠词。,a,Pointundertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；承担Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.(教材P11)这是一项很难完成的任务。,undertakesth.着手/从事/承担某事undertakeresponsibility/atask/aproject承担责任/任务/工程undertaketodosth.承诺/答应做某事undertakethat承诺,Wemustactasquicklyaspossiblenow.Justtelluswhetheryoucanundertakethetaskornot.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。Icantundertakethatyouwillwinthegame.我不能保证你在比赛中获胜。,单句语法填空。（1）Idliketolethimknowthattheeditingtask_（undertake）sothatIcangivehimthefinalversionverysoon.解析：句意：我想让他知道编辑工作正在做，所以我不久就能给他最后的版本。（2）Mostprojects_（undertake）bytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedouttobeverysuccessful.解析：句意：由这个年轻的工程师独自承担的大多数项目结果都非常成功。,isbeingundertaken,(that/whichwere)undertaken,Pointobjectionn.C不赞成；反对；异议,raise/voice/makeanobjectiontosth.对提出反对（意见）haveanobjectionto(doing)sth.反对（做）某事,Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.(教材P12)另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。,Nobodyvoicedanobjectiontocarryingouttheplan.没人对这个计划的实施提出反对意见。,objectv.反对；不赞成n.物体；目的；目标objecttosb./sth./doingsth.反对/不赞成某人/某事/做某事objectthat反对,Whydosomepeopleobjecttohumancloning?为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我们反对受到这样的待遇。MotherobjectedthatJimmywastooweaktotakeupthejob.母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。Thebuildingisthemainobjectofhisinterest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。,object,opposeobject表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词to。oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语时不需加介词to。beopposedto表示“反对”，“和相反”。,单句改错。(1)Hestronglyobjectstobetreatedlikeachild.答案：objecttodoing反对做某事。(2)Hehasastronglyobjectiontosmokinginpublicplaces,especiallywithfemalespresent.答案：修饰名词objection，用形容词。haveastrongobjectionto强烈地反对。,being,strong,Pointobtainvt.获得；赢得,obtainknowledge/onesdegree获得知识/学位obtainsb.sth./obtainsth.forsb.给某人带来某事(物)obtainsth.fromsth.从得到,Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.(教材P12)尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸报道却说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。,IobtainedthetickettothefilmTheLeftEarwithgreatdifficulty.我好不容易弄到了电影左耳的票。Sheobtainedherdoctorsdegreein2015.她2015年获得了博士学位。,obtain,attain,gain这三个词都有“获得”之意。obtain属正式用语，“(尤指通过自身的努力、技能或工作等)获得，得到”，不含难以达到之意。attain意为“获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)”，较为正式，指怀有较大抱负或强烈的愿望，有意识地实现或达到一般人能力不易达到的目的。gain意为“取得；获得；逐渐获得”，指付出很大努力后的获取，含有强有力地夺取之意，还表示增加已有的东西。,选词填空(attain，obtain，gain)。(1)Ifyouwantto_knowledge,youmustlearnstepbystep.(2)Thecountry_itsindependencethirtyyearsago.(3)Imdeterminedto_mypurposeatanycost.(4)Hehas_weightandlookedmuchbetter.,obtain,gained/attained,attain,gained,Pointforbidvi.禁止；不准(forbade/forbad;forbidden),forbidsb.sth.禁止某人得到某物forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbid(doing)sth.禁止（做）某事,Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,(教材P12)有些国家开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究，,StartingJune1st,allindoorpublicplacesandmanyoutdoorpublicplacesinBeijingforbidsmoking.从6月1日起，北京市所有的室内公共场所和大部分户外公共场所都禁止吸烟。MymotherforbidsmetowatchTVatnight.我妈妈禁止我晚上看电视。Thelawforbidstheuseofchemicalfertilizers.法律禁止使用化学肥料。Childrenareforbiddentoplaycomputergames.禁止孩子们玩电脑游戏。,单句语法填空。(1)Inmyfamilymotherhasmadearegulationthatweareforbidden_(stay)outaftermidnight.解析：句意：在我家，妈妈规定我们半夜之后不准呆在外面。考查beforbiddentodosth.结构，意为“被禁止做某事”。(2)Lastnight,theirparents_(forbid)themfromgoingoutside.解析：句意：昨晚他们的父母禁止他们外出。此处考查forbid的过去式。,tostay,forbade,考点二短语诠释,Pointpayoff得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；（付清工资后）辞退,Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.(教材P11)但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。Instressfulsituationinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter.在有压力情况下，冒险可能会取得很大成功，这时男士们往往做得更好。,Jimcouldntpayoffhisdebtsbecausehewaspaidoffbythecompanyhehadbeenworkingforformanyyears.吉姆难以还清债务，因为他为之工作多年的公司付清他的工资后把他解雇了。Attheend,theyoungmanpaidforwhathedidbefore.最终，这个年轻人为他的所作所为付出了代价。,payfor为付款；为付出代价payback还钱；报复payavisitto拜访payattentionto注意,单句语法填空。(1)Youllhavetopay_youroldloanbeforebeingallowedanewone.解析：payoff还清。(2)Youllhavetopay_yourselfishnesssomeday.解析：payforyourselfishness为你的自私付出代价。,off,for,(3)Inourchildhood,wewereoftenremindedbyourmothertopayattention_ourtablemanner.解析：payattentionto注意。(4)Theyinformedusofpaying_themoneyweborrowedlastyear.解析：paybackthemoney还钱。,to,back,Pointcastdown使失望，使沮丧；不愉快（多用于被动语态）,CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholdanimal.(教材P12)研究克隆的科学家们发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老得多的动物身上，这让他们很沮丧。Thecitywascastdownduringtheairattack.在空袭中，这座城市被摧毁了。,oprison把某人投进监狱castaway扔掉，浪费；（被动）使失事castlightuponthrowlighton使容易理解，阐明castashadow（在心理上）留下阴影,Thethiefwascastintoprisononeyearago.一年前这个小偷被投进监狱。,单句语法填空。（1）Forsomemonthstheywerecast_onadesertisland.解析：becastawayonadesertisland被扔在荒岛上。（2）Ifsheweretogiveconsiderationtoallkindsofsituations,shewouldcastlight_thisprobleminanewway.解析：castlightuponaproblem解决问题。,away,upon,(1)insb.sfavour对某人有利的(2)dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dosb.thefavourtodosth./dosb.afavourbydoingsth.帮忙做某事asksb.forafavour=askafavourofsb.请求某人帮忙(3)owesb.afavour欠某人人情,Pointinfavourof赞成；支持Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?(教材P12)它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？,Imallinfavourofpeopledoingwhatevertheywantaslongastheydontbotheranyoneelse.我完全支持人们做他们想做的事情，只要他们不妨碍别人。Theexchangerateisnotinourfavouratthemoment.目前汇率对我们不利。DomeafavourandturntheradiodownwhileImonthephone,willyou?劳驾，我打电话的时候把收音机的音量调小点好吗？Wouldyouliketodomethefavourtosendane|mailtomygrandson?你乐意帮我给孙子发一封邮件吗？OfcourseIllhelpyoumovehouse;Ioweyouafavouranyway.我当然会帮你搬家，说来我还欠你人情呢。,“in+名词+of”结构的常见短语：inpraiseof表扬inhonorof/inmemoryof纪念incaseof如果，假使inchargeof掌管inpossessionof拥有inconsequenceof由于；作为的结果inneedof需要,用“in+名词+of”结构的短语填空。（1）Allhisfamilyare_hisdecisiontoworkinwesternareaaftergraduation.（2）Whilereading,_comingacrossnewwords,youdbetterguesstheirmeaningsratherthanrefertothedictionary.（3）Marytoldmethatshewas_somelovelyjewels.（4）Theyhadtomovetoanothercity_thetyphoon.,infavourof,incaseof,inpossessionof,inconsequenceof,考点三句型归纳,Pointwhile表“然而”引导状语从句Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.(教材P11),克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就比较复杂了。点拨：本句中while为并列连词，意为“而，但”，表示对比转折。ThegirlisfondoftheKoreastarKimSooHyunwhileheryoungersisterlikesLeeMinho.这个女孩