英语本科毕业论文-如何提高快速阅读的能力.doc

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）如何提高快速阅读的能力摘 要阅读是英语作为第二种语言或外语学习中四大重要的技巧之一，尤其是快速阅读，它是学生养成独立阅读和直接阅读的技巧，也是在信息时代每天能够获得尽可能多的信息的渠道，因此对于如何加快英语专业学生的阅读速度的研究也变的越来越重要。相关研究指出，养成一个好的阅读习惯对学生来说是必须的，学生能够对不同的阅读材料采用不同的阅读技巧，也将有助于他们更加有效的进行阅读。本文通过对阅读行为的分析和不同阅读技巧的比较，从两个方面指出了快速阅读的重要性，并总结了阅读中七个方面的不良习惯。在此基础上，进一步讨论了良好的阅读技巧的建立以及正确的阅读行为模式的形成方法。通过这些技巧和方法的使用，可以帮助学生避免阅读中的不良习惯，获得阅读中的重要技巧，激发学生阅读兴趣并提升阅读效果。关键词：快速阅读，坏的习惯，好的技巧 How to Improve the Ability of Fast ReadingABSTRACTReading is one of the four important skills in English as second or foreign language, especially fast reading, it is also a skill that the students need to possess to support independent and self-directed learning, and a channel for students to acquire as much information as possible every day. Therefore, the research is getting more and more important on how to speed up their reading for the English major. Some concerned studies indicate that it is essential for students to foster a good English reading habit. And being able to adopt different reading skills for different read materials and purposes will also help the students read more effectively. Through the analysis of different reading behaviors and comparison of various reading techniques, this paper presents the significance of fast reading in two aspects and sums up seven bad reading habits. Based on this, it further discusses about the development of the positive reading skills and the forming method of the correct reading mode. In practice of these, it intends to help the students to avoid bad reading habits, acquire important reading techniques, increase reading interests and improve reading effects. KEY WORDS: fast reading，bad habits，good skill4ContentsIntroduction.1Chapter 1 The Importance of Fast Reading.11.1 Some Bad Reading Habits31.1.1 Reading Habits.41.1.2 Bad Reading Habits.51.2 The Importance of Fast Reading.5Chapter 2 Reading Skills.62.1 Selecting of Reading Materials .62.2 Skimming and Scanning.72.3 Improvement of Reading Speed.82.4 The Importance of Self-correction.92.5 Speed Exercise and Vocabulary Building.92.6 The Structure of Paragraphs.102.7 Students Anticipation112.8 Recognition Span Expanding.13Chapter 3 English Reading Habits Forming.143.1 In-depth English Reading.143.2 Active English Reading.153.3 Critical English Reading15Conclusion.18Acknowledgements.19Bibliography20注意：1. 此部分页码要对齐，排版时在内容键入完全后，可将此目录所有内容选中（Contents一词除外），并点击中最右边的按钮即可，也可请打印人员帮忙调整。2. 一级标题顶格，二级标题从左起空四个英文字符，三级标题与二级标题的第一个单词的首字母对齐（具体见模版）。如标题太长需换行，与上一行第一个英文单词对齐 3. 各级标题应使用名词性短语和词组，不能使用句子；各级标题中实词的第一个字母均大写！IntroductionIn the past, it was thought that a language was a system of linguistic symbols and students were requested to remember the words and grammar rules, so English reading was considered as a way for students to enlarge their vocabulary and enforce linguistic rules. On the other hands, the aim of English teaching was to help students pass the exams. So teachers were paying close attention to the development of the students test-oriented abilities. Some students might get high marks in their tests, but lacked in the abilities to communicate. That is to say, students learned nothing but some words and grammar rules in English reading.Nowadays, with the development of society, science and technology develop at high speed and the competition in the society become sharp. Studies in the past have shown that the exam-oriented educational system promotes rote learning, and so that there needs to be a paradigm shift in how students view education and about the way they learn. Most students read English materials only to pass exam and do not read for pleasure. Thus, after many year of learning English, some one even has not known that how important reading is.The following passage is talking about the importance of fast reading, the bad reading habits and reading skills. Chapter 1 The Importance of Fast ReadingDuring our studies, nearly 80% of the knowledge is gotten through reading, learning, no matter at school or by oneself, most requires reading and reading is also one of the cheapest and fastest methods of getting information.Fast reading is even more useful and important, especially in nowadays, in order to become well-learnt people that the society needs, most students long for extensive English reading, hoping to do preparation for the future job by this way. At the same time, the purposes of students are to complete the studies and to obtain good results. In order to adapt to the demand of society and school, students treat seeking knowledge as the first duty. They relate themselves through fast reading and become the learned persons who can face the challenges of the society. Therefore, the motivation of the majority college students is definite. It is also obvious that the English reading materials to the electronic reading materials. The internet that opens another window for the students becomes the easiest tool to get information. Now the serious problem is that students feel that they don not understand as much as slow readers, but actually there is little relationship between reading speed and comprehension slow readers usually put too much emphasis on single word and often slow down on some unfamiliar or new words. This will interfere with understanding of the whole passage.Without a reasonable comprehension, fast reading is not significant, so teaching fast reading is a training process strengthening the memory and comprehension of reading in which the students are always required to comprehend the main idea and to remember the important details of reading materials as quickly and accurately as possible.1.1 Some Bad Reading HabitsThere are many bad reading habits which should be overcome. These habits will slow down the students reading speed and cause low comprehension.1.1.1 Reading HabitsWhile reading, a fault that is often seen is pointing to the words with a finger, a pencil or something else. Pointing at words with something will slow down the reading speed and waste a lot of time. It will cause the reader not finish their paper in test, but will also cause the reader pay more attention to the main idea of article. Once again this habit is fostered; your attention and thoughts will be affected directly.Another common fault is the head movement. Some students move their heads when they are reading, as if they followed the words in a line by their heads, not by their eyes. This occurs very often when students are nervous about their reading or during a reading test. With movement of their heads, the students try to aim their noses at the words he is reading so that as he reads across the line his head turns slightly. Vocalization is a more serious problem; many readers form the words silently with their lips as they read. Some readers whisper the words quietly rate. Because when you move your lips to pronounce words, you are forcing yourself to pay attention to words, not thoughts. At the same time, you limit your reading speed to the fastest talking speed, which is much slower than reading speed.The most difficult of all types of vocalization is sub-vocalization. In sub-vocalization, there is no body movement, but within the students minds. He is saying each word to himself. That is to say, there is sound effect in his mind, both these fault will certainly slow down the reading speed and it can also slow comprehension.Some people think that we read one word at a time, understand it and then go on to the next, other think that the eye glide over each word from left to right, then to the beginning of the next line. Because they are afraid of losing their place or, for some reason, feel more secure, when they take this measure as they read it.When the eyes are reading a line of print, they make a series of short meg jerky movement along the line. For a normal reader, each time his eye stopped, he sees a certain length of a sentence and this span is called the” span of recognition.” The span of recognition for most readers is a little over one word, a phrase or ever more. Poor readers usually read word by word, their eyes stop at one word after another. The length of fixation for these readers is too short. So they make much more eye movements. It is easy to cause the eye tiredness. And also, too much emphasis put on individual word would interfere the understanding of the passage in general.1.1.2 Bad Reading HabitsA regression is a back ward movement along a line of a print .normally, your eyes progress in a left to right direction, seeing each word in the order in which it was written. Occasionally, your eyes will instead of moving to the next word, move backward to a word or already read. This moving backward is called regression. Students in this reading habit have insecure felling about the comprehension and can not concentrate themselves on reading. Sometimes a regression will take the form of going back over a word or a phrase several times before going onto the next part of the line. When they meet new words or phrase, a regression is made more frequently. The frequent regression in reading, first it will slow reading speed, second it will interfere with good concentration, and third it will affect good comprehension in a general way. Regression is a sign of poor reading. For this point, the students should select materials of average difficulties to read.Most of the students have the habits of looking up the dictionary or turning to the word list at the back of the textbook. Actually some new words do not constitute any obstacle to comprehending the general idea of the whole passage. Teachers should tell students that more dependence on dictionary will decrease their reading speed and interfere the overall understanding of the reading materials. It also affects the reading speed and the reading quality, so the students should pay more attention this point.1.2 The Importance of Fast ReadingWhat we have mentioned above are we always face common problems during our reading. These problems will low the students reading speed. While low reading speed is an obstacle to us in efficiency and having general grasp of the materials. Thus for our students and people preparing tests, it is very urgent to accelerate reading speed.Chapter 2 Reading SkillsReading rapidly is an essential skill for all students and it enables them to enlarge their knowledge. It is an ability that students need for their further education. In order to deal with a pile of books and the dull examinations, they need some skills in speed reading and a very good comprehension. How to improve the reading speed is become more and more important.2.1 Selecting of Reading MaterialsMany students try to increase their effective reading sped. But often they find that if they try to race through a passage faster they fail to remember what they are reading. The problem here is that the materials they are reading are too difficult for them both in vocabulary and in content, so the students should choose the suitable materials.During the times, choice reading is very important. For the beginning, the students should choose easy and interesting materials, reading books have many advantages, they can learn many words through reading books, in addition, they are able to broaden their views and know much knowledge from the books. For example, reading Chinese history books, they may know that the history of china. They can absorb the experience of the history. If they keen on playing computer, they read more computer books. If they are interested in prose, they read literary books. What is the book which they want to read, it depend on what hobby is, it also help the students to comprehend the article easy in test.Actually, it is a process of selecting English materials. The readers should clearly know the classification of the English books and should certainly know which type of English book he is interested. It is best if the reader know his purpose of reading before reading starters; it means that the reader should turn his attention to practical goals. To receive the information, the reader can read not only the book title, the subtitle, the table of contents, but also the author preface, the abstract introduction and the index. These are all the information that authors want to transmit to the reader. According to these clues, the students can choose different types of English reading materials with the different demands.The most important thing is that they must find some easy and interesting reading materials and these materials will do no harm to anyone and is a great help to poor readers, it will encourage them greatly and give them the wonderful experience of enjoying reading without having a struggle with new words and phrases. In their own time, out of class, students should also practice as much as they can, going to the library or bookshop, choosing books of any subject they like about the level of ability or just below. If they want to quickly check on how easy a book is, if there are five or six new words on a page, then the book is not suitable for reading fast.2.2 Skimming and ScanningSkimming is a reading technique that can help one to read more quickly. And it is also help one to read more quickly, and it is also help one to decide if the English books is interesting and whether the reader should read it in more details. This is the strategy that students employ when they want to obtain a quick overview of an English text. A skimming requires that the reader selectively omit some parts of the reading materials. When readers skim, they read to get the main idea and a few, but not all of the details of an article or story. Scanning is a reading skill to find particular bits of information they are searching for scanning is also used to obtain specific information form a piece of English text.Sometimes the students can use both reading methods. They can skim a piece of English text to find out something interesting，they may wish to use scanning techniques to locate specific information. Using both these methods，the students can speed up their reading speed and search for important information. Reading newspapers and English magazines are examples.When reading an English newspapers，people typically only concentrate on the most interesting and glamorous parts of the English newspapers. So the presses always use the eye-catching tile to attract the students attention of the public. They will often ignore less interesting information that may be essential to a full understanding of a subject. It is typical that areas of useful information are padded out with large amounts of irrelevant waffle or with advertising. English newspapers tend to be arranged in sections. If one reads an English paper often，one can learn quickly which sections are useful and which ones can skip altogether. The most effective way of getting information from English magazines is to scan the contents tables or indexes and turn directly to interesting articles，if the reader finds an article useful， he may cut it out and file it in a folder specifically covering that sort of English information，the reader builds up sets of related articles that may begin to explain the subjects in this way.The two methods are important in reading，they will save a lot of times during reading，it also can speed up the reading rate.2.3 Improvement of Reading SpeedTimed reading is very necessary in developing reading skills，if the teacher wants to increase the students reading speed and comprehension，reading activities must be conducted under the teachers control .Reading a passage must be finished in limited time. For many Chinese students they usually read very slowly and read a passage several times in order to find the answers of the comprehension questions.One of the methods to improve both speed and comprehension is to set the students to work through a series of timed reading passages followed by comprehension questions. Experiences have improved that students can often double their reading speed through timed reading practice. Classroom training time must be limited strictly. Of course a timer may also be used. The teacher should also tell students when to start and when to stop. During this period of time，students should try to read as fast as they can. Through this kind of practice，students can know clearly their reading speed and comprehension and they can see their improvements.2.4 The Importance ofSelf-correction Making the students correct their own paper immediately after finishing the reading is a good teaching method. The more immediately the knowledge of right or wrong students get ，the better the learning will be ，students will receive a certain satisfaction from knowing that they got the answer correct. if the questions were answered wrongly，they should know this as soon as possible so that they can correct their errors. teachers should try to prepare sufficient enough materials of average difficulties for the students to read out of the class in their spare time and state clearly the requirements for the reading ，such as，reading time ，how much time to read，questions to answer，etc. it is an effective way to gave students something to read with precessions or pre-requirements and follow by questions with different difficulties.2.5 Speed Exercise and Vocabulary Building “Lighting speed” is referring to the reading speech much faster than usual. This is a useful method to speed up the students reading w