并列结构和从属结构.ppt

CoordinationSubordination,Coordinateconstruction,两个或两以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词（coordinator)或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做“并列结构”。它可以是词和词goodbutexpensive词组和词组ateacherandastudent分句和分句Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.,并列连词和标点符号,两个以上项目的并列通常只在最后一个项目前用并列连词，其他项目之间用逗号连接。E.g.Atadiplomafactorymillsthroughoutthestates,youcanbuyabachelorsdegreeforabout$1500,amastersdegreefor$1600,oradoctorsdegreefor$1700.,各并列项目间全用连词，在修辞色彩上给人悠闲、缓慢、延续持久的感觉。相反，全用逗号，就给人紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉。E.g.Inthecountrytherearenohonkinghorns(汽车喇叭）,nodieseltrucks（柴油卡车）,nopollution-justthesoundsofwindrustlingthetreeleavesandredsquirrelschatteringinthedistantoaksandcoolcreekwaterrushingdownitsendlesscourse.,除逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连接作用分号对比e.g.Golfdemandsthebestoftimeandspace;tennis,thebestofpersonalenergy.冒号下文对上文的解释和发挥,Subordinateconstruction,Whatissubordination?,从属Vs并列,e.g.Therainstopped,andthesuncameout.Whentherainstopped,thesuncameout.,FinitesubordinateclauseWhatisfinitesubordinateclause?,名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句,名词性分句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart?,Canyoutelluswhoisresponsibleforthefire?Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditall,hasnotbeenanswered.Itisquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Themysteryiswhetherheeverwentthereatall.Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.,形容词性分句=关系分句=定语从句,副词性分句（状语分句）AdverbialclauseoftimeAdverbialclauseofplaceAdverbialclauseofmannerAdverbialclauseofcauseAdverbialclauseofresultAdverbialclauseofpurposeAdverbialclauseofconditionAdverbialclauseofconcession,Non-finiteclause,Whatisinfinitiveclause？,不带主语e.g.Helikestobeinvited.带主语e.g.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.带疑问词e.g.Idontknowwhattodo.,Thefunctionofinfinitiveclause,Whichpartistheinfinitiveclauseandwhatsthefunctionoftheinfinitiveclauseinthefollowingsentences?,ToacceptthejobwouldmeanmovingtoFlorida.Hewillgototheclinictomorrowtobeexaminedbythedoctor.Hepromisedtostoptakingdrugs.Hehurriedhomeonlytofindthathisfatherwasdead.Iamdelightedtoknowthatyouhavegotajob.,Soastosuchastotootoenoughto,Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingtheinfinitiveclause:,WewentviaWorcestersothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam.Hisworkwassogoodthatitmadehiminternationallyfamous.HewasthefirstmanwhodiscussedthequestionwithProfessorHalliday.Wethoughtitwrongthatheshouldbepunished.Inorderthatavotewillbevalid,thedeputymustbepresentandvoteinperson.,-ingParticipleclause,不带主语和连词带连词带主语,不带主语和连词,Hedeniedhavingbeenthere.Judgingfromwhatyousay,hehasdonehisbest.Generallyspeaking,thisbookisnoteverydifficult.,带连词,Whetherworkingorsleeping,thesubjectisalwaysinhismind.,带主语,Doyoumindmy/memakingasuggestion?Johndoesntliketheideaofme/mybeingmixedupinthisaffair.Itsnouseyourpretendingtobedeaf.Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.,-edparticipleclause,Thecastle,burntdownin1485,wasneverrebuilt.Thisdictionarywilllooknicewhenprinted.Thejobfinished,wewenthomestraightaway.,-edparticipleclause句法功能,后置修饰语e.g.Oneofthehousewreckedbythestormbelongedtomygrandfather.,状语,Deeplymoved,hethankedheragainandagain.United,westand;divided,wefall.Beatenbythepoliceandsenttojail,Gandhiinventedtheprincipleofnonviolentresistance.,无动词分句,不带从属连词的无动词分句Speechless,VictorHenrynoddedandsatonafoldingseat.Bankloanornobankloan,wellbuythehouse.,带从属连词Whenstillaboyofsix,Bobwassentawayfromhome.Althoughalwayshelpful,hewasnotmuchlikedbypeople.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Hespokeungraciously,ifnotrudely.,带有自己主语的无动词分句