2018-2019学年高二政治上学期第一次周考试题.doc

2018-2019学年高二政治上学期第一次周考试题一、选择题(在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题意，每小题2分，共60分)1、 与马克思主义哲学相比，近代形而上学唯物主义被人们戏称为“半截子唯物主义”。马克思主义哲学与以往任何旧的哲学相比()它实现了世界观和方法论的统一它在实践基础上实现了唯物主义与辩证法的统一它认为思维与存在是同一的，旧的哲学不认同它实现了唯物辩证的自然观和历史观的统一A. B. C. D. 2、“结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔？心远地自偏。”在生活上，这一思想对很多人有借鉴意义：心态好就能超脱世俗杂事的困扰。在哲学上，这一思想属于A.客观唯心主义 B.主观唯心主义 C.朴素唯物主义 D.形而上学唯物主义3、 赫拉克利特认为，“世界是一团燃烧的活火，它在一定的分寸上燃烧，在一定的分寸上熄灭。” 下列与这句话所蕴含的哲理相一致的（ ）A. 天地之变，阴阳之化 B. 物是观念的集合C. 存在即被感知 D. 理生万物，理主动静4、在古代欧洲，有过这样一首诗：那时候，上面的青天还没有称呼，下面的大地也没有名字，其阿玛诗（即海洋）是大家的生母，万物都和水连在一起。这首诗体现的是（ ）A. 朴素唯物主义观点 B. 形而上学唯物主义观点C. 辩证唯物主义观点 D. 客观唯心主义观点5、“意识对物质的反映同镜子或照相机对物质的反映没有什么区别。”这个观点属于（ ）A. 朴素唯物主义观点 B. 主观唯心主义观点C. 机械唯物主义观点 D. 辩证唯物主义观点6、xx11月30日，中国科学院公布，暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”在1.4万亿电子伏特(TeV)的超高能谱段突然出现剧烈波动，呈现一个“尖峰”。这一现象此前从未被观测到，意味着中国科学家取得一项开创性发现，且有可能与暗物质相关。这表明( )A. 世界的物质性只能由科学技术的发展来验证 B. 思维和存在具有同一性C. 认识的根本目的在于把握本质和规律 D. 世界的物质性集中体现于它的可知性7、在人类追求智慧的过程中，出现了各种哲学派别，提出了不同的问题，作出了不同的回答。但是从本质上看，他们的回答都是围绕（ ）问题展开 。A. 物质和意识的关系 B. 偶然和必然的关系C. 个人和社会的关系 D. 存在和虚无的关系8、 人总是按照自己对周围世界和人生的理解做人做事。有人认为命由天定，因而身处困境是消极等待，逆来顺受；有人认为人定胜天，因而在困难面前积极奋争，不屈不挠。以上材料说明（ ）A. 哲学源于人们对实践的追问和对世界的思考B. 世界观决定方法论，方法论体现着世界观C. 哲学不等于自发产生的世界观D. 哲学是关于世界观的学说9、庄子认为“人之生，气之聚也；聚则为生，散则为死”。下列观点体现的哲理与之相近的是( )形存则神存，形谢则神灭 生死有命，富贵在天人病则忧惧，忧俱则鬼出 方生方死，方死方生A. B. C. D. 10、哲学史上存在着唯物主义和唯心主义、辩证法和形而上学“两个对子”，下列能反映“两个对子”区别的是（ ）指鹿为马 乐极生悲 形谢神灭 理主动静 盲人摸象 削足适履 沧海桑田 断章取义A. B. C. D. 11、古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特认为：世界是一团永恒燃烧的活火；法国哲学家柏格森认为：事物和状态不过是我们的心灵所采取的一种观点。这两种观点（ ）都回答了世界的本原问题前者是朴素唯物主义，后者是客观唯心主义体现了辩证法和形而上学的分歧体现了唯物主义和唯心主义的分歧A. B. C. D. 12、随着经济的发展,资源环境问题日益突出,人们提出了“绿色生活”理念,现阶段有很多人开始逐步接受了该理念,并加入到“绿色餐饮”“绿色出行”“绿色住宅”等行列。这反映了()A.世界观决定方法论B.哲学来源于人们对实践的思考C.方 法论影响世界观 D.哲学是对具体科学的概括与总结13我国各地的山水地貌不同，城镇建设必须因山就势，建筑和谐于自然，与山水、花木等有机地融为一体，使建筑美与自然美协调和谐。其哲学依据是()自然界是客观的，要尊重自然 实践决定认识，要坚持理论第一应坚持一切从实际出发，使主观符合客观认识和改造自然，要以科学发展观为根本出发点ABCD14有关研究显示，物种之间的相互影响十分紧密。一个物种的消失，一般可影响520个物种的功能与生存。每一种鸟类的消失，都将有大约90种昆虫、35种植物、23种鱼类随之灭绝。每两种鸟类消失，则必然会有一种哺乳动物随之灭绝。这说明()A自然界的事物是按照自身所固有的规律形成和发展的B自然界的事物是客观存在的，和人类的活动无关C物质是不依赖于人的意识，并能为人的意识所反映的客观实在D自然界的事物变化万千，人们不可捉摸15太阳不会因为你的失意，明天不再升起；月亮不会因为你的抱怨，今晚不再降落。这是因为()思维与存在具有同一性 客观实在性是物质的根本属性世界的存在与发展是客观的 规律是事物本质的必然的联系 AB C D16脑科学最新研究成果显示，因学习而产生的“西塔波”可促进脑神经细胞生成，从而为“大脑越用越灵”的观点找到了确切的科学依据。“大脑越用越灵”的事实说明()A人脑是思维运动的物质主体 B运动是物质固有的根本属性和存在方式C事物量的积累会引起质的飞跃D主观能动性的发挥增强了规律的客观性17惠施说：“日方中方睨，物方生方死”。下列观点中与其相近的是 （ ）A静者静动，非不动也 B万物都在概念中运动C人一次也不能踏进同一条河流 D僧肇说：“旋岚偃岳而常静，江河竞注而不流”18太阳每天都会升起，而太阳每天又都是新的。这一说法A只看到了绝对运动 B既看到绝对运动，也看到了相对运动C是一种诡辩论的观点 D既看到绝对运动，也看到了相对静止19首因效应和近因效应是生活中常见的两种心理效应。首因效应是指事物给人的最初印象容易长期在记忆中占支配地位；近因效应是指事物给人的最后印象在记忆中占主导地位，人可能会因近因效应突然改变对该事物的原有看法。以下从哲学角度对这两种心理效应的评价合理的是()首因效应忽视了物质的存在方式是运动 近因效应忽视了事物是绝对静止的二者都不懂得事物是绝对运动与相对静止的统一二者都犯了相对主义和诡辩论的错误ABCD20宋代诗人陈与义襄邑道中诗云：“飞花两岸照船红，百里榆堤半日风。卧看满天云不动，不知云与我俱东。”从哲学角度看，这首诗说明了()A世界是物质的B事物运动是有规律的C物质世界是绝对运动和相对静止的统一D静止的事物是不存在的21地球上生物细胞的直接能源为三磷酸腺苷。最近,研究人员将含磷陨石放置在模拟的早期地球环境中与酸性流质物等进行反应,产生了原始的、可供生命使用的能量源三磷酸腺苷分子的早期形式。该发现为解开地球上的无机环境如何进化出最初的生命物质这一生命起源之谜提供了新的可能性。上述试验进一步证明( )无生命物质和生命物质具有共同的基础和本质无生命物质向生命物质的转变是无条件的、必然的无生命物质和生命物质的规律具有同样的表现形式无生命物质向生命物质进化的规律是能够被认识的A. B. C. D. 22叶子出水很高,像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的;正如一粒粒的明珠,又如碧天里的星星,又如刚出浴的美人。朱自清对荷花的描写揭示的哲学道理有( )意识形式的差异性决定了所反映的客观存在的多样性不管什么样的意识,都是人脑对客观存在的反映意识能否正确反映客观存在取决于反映者的想象力意识如何反映客观存在受制于反应者的个性、能力和素质A. B. C. D. 23以前,人们通常认为植物不像人和动物一样具有“记忆力。近来,科学家在实验中发现,照射到一片叶子上的光,能够让整株植物作出相应的反应。科学家认为,植物可以用“电化学信号”在叶子之间传递光强和光质信息,这种反应方式和人的神经系统的反应方式非常相似。植物“记住”光线中的信息并作出反应,进一步佐证了( ) 任何物质都有反应特性 意识是一种特殊的反应形式 不同形式的物质具有同样的反应特性 物质的不同反应形式之间具有联系性A. B. C. D. 24xx诺贝尔经济学奖公布当天，官网发布了一个很有意思的投票：你是否认为新年计划总是难以落实？72%的人选择了“是”。获得诺贝尔经济学奖的塞勒教授研究揭示，人们通常缺乏自我控制，总是屈服于短期诱惑，让长期计划落空。这说明意识对人体生理活动的控制具有两面性难以实现的新年计划缺乏目的性和客观性正确发挥意识的能动作用是我们取得成功的重要条件意识对客观世界的反映是主动的、有选择的A. B. C. D. 25王维在山水论中说：“凡画山水，意在笔先。”张彦远说：“夫象物必在于形似，形似须全其骨气，骨气形似，皆本于立意而似乎用笔。”下列关于中国画创意理解正确的是 意在境先，境中有意，意中有魂 意是画家本人的主观想象，遵循其自身的特殊规律意是画家对物象在情感上的“妙悟”，是画家本人的修养 意是画家对现实生活的丰富体察，对创作经验的充分积累A. B. C. D. 26国产大片战狼2最终票房高达56.81亿人民币，不仅是华语票房最高的国产电影，而且是挤进了世界前60名票房最高电影。战狼2火爆的重要原因是契合了当前国民的爱国热潮。从唯物论角度看，这符合要一切从实际出发 认识指导实践的发展 物质决定意识 客观与主观要统一A. B. C. D. 27意识是物质世界长期发展的产物。下列能正确反映意识产生的历史演进顺序的选项是狐假虎威 水滴石穿 精忠报国 葵花向阳A. B. C. D. 28在今年的政府工作报告中，李克强表示，世界经济增长低迷态势仍在延续，不稳定不确定因素明显增加；我国发展处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段，经济运行存在不少突出矛盾和问题。今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果。确定恰当的国内生产总值增长率，体现的哲学道理是人们可以随意选择生产力 要一切从实际出发，实事求是要尊重人类社会的物质性 否定了人类社会的物质性A. B. C. D. 29最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定第七十八条规定：“人民法院认定证人证言，可以通过对证人的智力状况、品德、知识、经验、法律意识和专业技能等的综合分析作出判断。”之所以这样规定，是因为（ ）A. 主观与客观是具体的历史的统一 B. 意识是主观的也是不真实的C. 意识具有自觉选择性 D. 意识是大脑的机能30张艺谋导演创作的最忆是杭州，首次尝试户外水上舞台举办，让与会来宾于湖光山色中，观看水上芭蕾表演，聆听世界名曲，感受中国元素与世界文化的交融与碰撞。这表明（ ）意识活动具有自觉选择性 意识能直接将观念的存在变为现实客观存在依赖于主观思维 人能够创造一个理想或幻想的世界A. B. C. D. 二、非选择题（40分）注意事项：第卷共2页，用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。二、非选择题31中国科协曾经就中国公众对未知现象等有关问题的看法进行抽样检查，调查结果显示：不少人相信算命。此次调查样本覆盖全国30个省、自治区、直辖市、调查对象为18岁至69岁成年人。课题组负责人特别指出：随着政策和社会环境的变化，一些传统迷信形式的市场已经越来越小，而现代迷信却不断变换形式，甚至打着传统文化和科学的旗号迷惑和欺骗公众。“计算机算命”、“幸运数字”、“星座命运”等各种命运预测的迷信活动如今招徕了一些笃信者。（1）我们周围是否存在迷信现象？这些现象的实质是什么？（4分）（2）结合这些现象的危害说明青少年应当树立什么样的世界观？（8分）32材料一W市为我国东部一个经济较发达的以金融业为主的城市，对外开放程度较高。在金融危机席卷全球之际，仍然坚持把金融业作为当地的支柱产业，经济发展受到严重冲击。材料二M市是我国西部一个经济较发达的以原材料加工为主的城市。由于污染物排放严重，几年前，该市发生了湖泊藻类疯长导致居民供水危机事件。该市市委深入调研，确立了“构筑科学发展新优势”的思路，积极节能减排、加大治污力度。目前，该市环境状况已有明显好转，“可持续发展度”居全省前列。请运用“探究世界的本质”的知识，分析说明上述材料体现的哲学道理。33中共中央政治局在“十二五”规划建议中明确提出，要“坚持把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要着力点”。这一重要论断指明了我国将继续把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为转变发展方式、实现科学发展的重要抓手，推动我国经济社会切实走上节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展、可持续发展的道路。根据材料，分析说明我国坚持把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要抓手的唯物论依据。淇滨高中xx上学期高二年级第一次周考英语试题 时间：100分钟 总分：150分 命题人：闫化闪 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。A An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money. Only a very expensive operation could save him now and there was no one to lend them the money. When she heard her daddy say to her tearful mother, “Only a miracle (奇迹) can save him now.” the little girl went to her bedroom and pulled her money from its hiding place and counted it carefully. She hurried to a drugstore with the money in her hand. “And what do you want?” asked the salesman. “Its for my little brother.” The girl answered. “Hes really sick and I want to buy a miracle.” “Pardon?” said the salesman. “My brother Andrew has something bad growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him. So how much does a miracle cost?” “We dont sell a miracle here, child. Im sorry.” the salesman said with a smile. “Listen, if it isnt enough, I can try and get some more. Just tell me how much it costs.” A well-dressed man heard this and asked, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?” “I dont know,” she answered with her eyes full of tears. “Hes really sick and mum says he needs an operation. But my daddy cant pay for it, so I have brought all my money.” “How much do you have? asked the man. “$1.11, but I can try and get some more.” she answered. “Well, what luck,” smiled the man. “$1.11, the price of a miracle for your little brother.” He took up the girls hand and said, “Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. Lets see if I have the kind of miracle you need.” That well-dressed man was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous doctor. The operation was successful and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again. How much did the miracle cost?21. What was the trouble in the little girls family? A. Her brother was seriously ill. B. They had no money. C. Nothing could save her brother. D. Both A and B.22. In the eyes of the little girl, a miracle might be _. A. something interesting. B. something beautiful. C. some wonderful medicine. D. some good food. 23. What made the miracle happen? A. The girls love for her brother. B. The medicine from the drugstore. C. The girls money. D. Nobody can tell. 24. From the passage we can infer (推断) that _. A. the doctor didnt ask for any pay. B. a miracle is sure to happen if you keep on. C. the little girl is lovely but not so clever. D. Andrew was in fact not so sick as they had thought. BWhat is most likely to affect your success at school or at a job? The ability to read well. And that goes for your kids, too. The poor literacy (读写能力) of our society has been a main concern of educators for a while now, and yet things are not getting better.In most cases, how well we learn to read will depend largely on our exposure (接触) to language as children. If we hear people around us talking about all kinds of subjects as children, we naturally pick up the words and phrases they use. If we pick up a lot of words, we will learn to read better.Here are my several suggestions for reading improvement.Read about things that interest you. If you are interested in what you are reading about, the words will e alive, and you will understand better. The more you read, the better you will bee at reading. Just get started and it will bee a habit, as long as you are interested in what you are reading.Read something that is at your level or just a little difficult for you. Read material that you find easy to read, or just a little challenging. Looking up many unknown words in a dictionary is dull, and the results of the dictionary search are quickly forgotten.If you have trouble reading, listen first. If you can hear the new words and phrases that you are reading, you will have an easier time understanding and remembering them. Hearing the rhythm of someone reading a text will help your own reading.Dont worry about what you dont understand. Most of your reading should be for pleasure. You can enjoy reading without understanding all of what you read. You may even understand some things in your own personal way.25If we want to succeed at school, we should _.Adevelop good reading abilityBhear people around us moreCremember more new wordsDwrite more books26The underlined word “challenging” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_”Aeasy Bdifficult Cinteresting Ddull27What is the purpose of the writer in writing the passage?ATo tell us some ways to improve reading ability.BTo show that the poor literacy has been a main concern of educators.CTo teach us how to find fun in reading.DTo tell us some ways to pick up new words and phrases.28Which of the following statements about the suggestions is NOT true?ARead more about things that interest you and youll bee better at reading.BWhile reading, look up every new word in a dictionary.CListen to what you are reading can help you understand and remember new words.DWhen you cant understand all of what you read, you neednt feel worried.COne afternoon after school had finished, Peter and Jane were walking along the street. Suddenly they heard a big noise.“e on！” shouted Peter. “That sounds like an accident. Lets see whats happened.” They ran to where the noise came from. As soon as they got there, they could see what had happened. A small car had knocked into the side of a truck. The accident had happened in a quiet street with only four houses in it. Peter and Jane were the first ones to reach the site. No other people came. “We must be the only ones who saw the accident，” said Jane. They found that both the car driver and the truck driver were hurt.“Peter，” said Jane, “run back down the road to Mrs. Days house. Ask her to call the policemen and the ambulance. Hurry up. Ill stay here.”Off went Peter as fast as he could. There was nothing Jane could do but wait. She knew that when people were hurt in an accident, they shouldnt be moved. It wasnt long before the police car and the ambulance arrived. The policemen got the car door open and they carried the man out. Then they got the truck driver out. The men werent seriously hurt, but they were both taken to the hospital. The policemen thanked Peter and Jane, “You were very good to act so quickly when you saw the accident. Thank you for all your help.”29The accident happened _.Ain a quiet street one school day afternoonBin a busy street one school day afternoonCin a quiet street one Sunday afternoonDin a busy street one Sunday afternoon30_ called the policemen.AJane BThe drivers CMrs. Day DPeter31Jane did nothing before the policemen arrived because _.Ashe was too frightened to do anythingBshe was alone after Peter leftCshe was waiting for PeterDshe knew she shouldnt move the two driversD A group of old classmates, who have succeeded in their work, got together to visit their teacher. Their conversation soon turned to plaining (抱怨) about the stress (压力) in their work and life. The teacher went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and many cups. Some of the cups are expensive and lovely, but some are cheap and not beautiful. The teacher told them to help themselves to the coffee. When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the teacher said, “Have you noticed all the nice-looking expensive cups were taken, leaving behind the cheap ones? Its OK for you to want only the best for yourselves, but that is why you have the stress in your work and life even if youre very successful now.” “All of you really wanted the coffee, not the cups, but you chose the best cups and were eyeing each others cups.” “Now think about this: life is the coffee, and money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold life. They do not change the quality (质量) of life. Sometimes, we just care about the cups, and we fail to enjoy the coffee. So, dont let the cups drive you, enjoy the coffee instead.”32. The students who visited the teacher _.A. are satisfied with their workB. are successful in their studiesC. are strict with each otherD. are successful in their work33. The teacher noticed that the students _.A. liked the cheap cupsB. only took the best cupsC. were drinking coffeeD. preferred the coffee to the cups34. Why did the students have the stress in the work and life?A. Because they really wanted coffee.B. Because they didnt have good cups.C. Because they didnt pay enough attention to life itself.D. Because they didnt have money to buy coffee and cups.35. From the story, we know the teacher wanted the students to enjoy _. A. the cupsB. the coffeeC. lifeD. money and position第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PollutionPollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances (物质). Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars. _1_Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution es from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料). These include coal, oil, and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases as cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things. _2_ Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer (臭氧层), which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump (倾倒) garbage and dirty water into rivers, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink. _3_Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may e from farms or factories. _4_ They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment. _5_ Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources that produce less pollution. Many munities use recycling to reduce pollution.AFarmers use chemicals to help crops grow.BThis type of pollution may be seen in big cities.CThey also can harm fish and other forms of life.DThese chemicals can spread to plants and animals.EIn addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.FThere are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.GSome panies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Charlotte was in her late 50s when she developed cancer. The illne