高二英语人教版必修5练习：Unit1GreatscientistsA含解析.doc

高中同步创优单元测评 A 卷 英 语班级：_姓名：_得分：_Unit 1Great scientists名师原创基础卷(时间：90分钟满分：100分)第卷第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分18分)第一节(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Albert Einstein has a great effect on science and history.An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlooka new view of the universe.It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on，but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 young Einstein had been worldfamous.He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin.He had few duties，little teaching and unlimited chances for study，but soon his peace and quiet life were broken by World War I.Einstein hated fighting and killing.The great suffering of the war affected him deeply，and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. In the years following World War I，honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics.But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble (谦逊的) manners.He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize，and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.1The main idea of the first paragraph is_.Athe difficulty of Einsteins thought to othersBthe feeling of an American university president towards EinsteinCthe difference between science and historyDthe change in human thought produced by Einstein2From the second paragraph，we know Albert Einstein_.Aenjoyed world popularity Bbecame head of a schoolCwas popular with his students Denjoyed studying wars3Which of the following statements about Einstein is TRUE?AHe achieved more than other scientists in history.BOur ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him.CHe kept working until peace came in 1918.DHis research practically stopped during World War I.4In the years following World War I，_.AEinsteins theory was soon accepted even by ordinary peopleBmore and more honours went to EinsteinCEinstein almost had no chances for his researchDEinstein was not honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Computer games are very popular.It is natural for people to want to win，so playing against a computer or against a friend on the computer can be difficult to stop._5_Computer games do have their advantages.They are excellent for training hand and eye coordination(协调)_6_Computer games can also be great for teaching students.The students are open to learning while playing._7_Students can also learn at their own speed and not feel pressured to match classmates.And with computers you can practice a task as many times as you like._8_But like anything else in life，things should be balanced._9_ Regular breaks are needed. If students cannot stop playing computer games，they wont do as well as in other areas in their lifenot just schoolwork，but in developing important social skills such as how to talk with people and how to work with others as part of a team.And if they are no longer taking regular exercise，their health will become worse.Computer games have their place，but people must also remember it is important to have a balanced lifestyle.AToo much time on the computer can hurt your eyes.B“Just one more game，”often turns into another game，then another.CThey can study for longer than a teacher would be able to teach.DPeople seem to do things after they get home as well，like playing computer games.EThe more you practice，the better you will get，until you can do it perfectly.FResearchers have found that computer games can improve childrens interest in science，even their IQ.GSurgeons (外科医生) who play computer games are often more skilled.第二部分：英语知识运用(共四节，满分55分)第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Last June，my sister，Katy，graduated from high school.At that time，I was just_10_a great summer.But when the happy summer came to an end，I_11_realized that soon my sister would be off to college.At the end of August，my family drove to my grandparents house near Katys_12_.It would be the_13_night we had slept together and later Katy would live in her apartment.I must admit that my sister and I had had some problems，and I would often say that I was_14_she was leaving soon，but in fact I knew I would miss her.The next day we left the house and drove to the school and_15_to move all her things.It was_16_to clean out a room that wasnt in our house，_17_her apartment was quite strange to me._18_we were pulling out of the parking lot(停车场) to head back to my grandparents house，we _19_our arms as she walked toward her apartment.It seemed that there was so much sadness in the_20_.I had never_21_that I was going to feel that way.Even after we went for a ride in a boat，there was_22_sadness.Even now，I have to keep_23_myself that she is not around.The telephone and the Internet are really_24_for us.Im really glad that I can talk to her，most of the time，online and also on the_25_ at times.It was the happiest time of my life.I do have my own phone line and there is no_26_for the computer，but I really would rather have her_27_.I miss her.So，value (珍惜) the_28_you have with your sister or brother. They might not stay with us for very long. It may be painful sometimes，but once theyre gone，youll almost_29_ you had that pain back.10A.dealing with Barguing aboutClooking forward to Dworrying about11A.proudly Bexactly Cluckily Dsadly12A.school Bvillage Cyard Droom13A.comfortable Blast Chappiest Dsafe14A.sure Bcurious Cglad Damazed15A.ordered Bsuggested Crefused Dhelped16A.comforting Beasy Cstrange Dboring17A.but Bbecause Cso Dor18A.As BBefore CUntil DWhile19A.hurt Bwaved Cwashed Dopened20A.apartment Bcar Cclass Dhouse21A.noticed Bagreed Cguessed Dforgot22A.even Bjust Cyet Dstill23A.asking Bencouraging Cpersuading Dreminding24A.exciting Bconvenient Cembarrassed Dserious25A.bus Btelevision Cphone Dbed26A.order Bfight Creason Danswer27A.late Bdown Cout Dback28A.time Bfreedom Cmoney Didea29A.hear Bdoubt Cwish Dknow第卷第二部分：英语知识运用(共四节，满分55分)第二节：单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)30In respect of this problem，we dont have to draw a c_ quickly.31Be_(谨慎的)as the road is frozen.32By_ (分析) the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar.33The captain_(宣布)that the plane was going to land.34Dont e_yourself to the sun too long.35It is a great_(挑战) for him to govern the country well.36The river has been p_seriously since the factory moved here.37What_(特征)distinguish the Americans from the Canadians?38His great c_ to the development of a modern China will never be forgotten.39Dont b_it on him，but on me.第三节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。John Snow attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician，but he wanted to face the _40_to help ordinary people _41_(expose)to cholera.He knew that only if the cause was found could the disease be _42_(control)Despite the two theories，John _43_the second one that people absorbed the disease into their bodies with the meals.John gathered some information and used a map that gave a valuable clue about the cause.He made further investigations.As a result，he found that the water _44_(blame)In order to find supporting _45_(evident)，John found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.With it，John Snow was able to announce with _46_(certain) that polluted water carried the disease.To prevent the disease from happening，many measures should be taken，for example，the water companies were _47_(instruct) not to expose people to _48_(pollute) water.In the end，“King Cholera”was _49_.第四节：完成句子(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)50What he said_ _ _.他的话讲不通。51It is_an interesting film_ I would like to see it a second time.这个电影如此的有趣以至于我都想再看一遍。52If anyone_ _ _，its me.如果有人该承担责任，那就是我。53The suggestion_ _at the meeting is under discussion.在会上所提出的建议正在讨论中。54His careless driving_ _the serious traffic accident.他的粗心驾驶导致了这场交通事故。第三部分：写作(共两节，满分27分)第一节：单句改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面的句子，每句中都有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。55The party was held in the honor of our English teacher._56Nobody was to be blamed for the accident._57Dont keep the door opened at night._58Our teacher suggested us to learn the first composition by heart._59On his way to home，he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech._60I have read lots of novels in addition some short story books._61There are commercial，cultural，diplomatic links the two countries._62He was stopped going to see the film last night._63She is putting forward with a proposal for the reform._64Can you make any sense what this writer is saying？_第二节：书面表达(满分17分)假定你是李华，你的朋友李明写信告诉你他因不善交友而苦恼，感觉在日常学习生活中缺乏和同学之间的交流，请根据下面的提示给他回信，提出建议。提示：1.友善、乐于助人；2多与他人交流，寻找自己的知心朋友；3多参加学校组织的各种活动。注意：1.词数：100左右；2可以适当发挥，以使短文连贯；3开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：交流communicate(v.)；活动activity(n.)Dear Li Ming，Im sorry to hear_Yours，Li Hua参 考 答 案Unit 1Great scientists名师原创基础卷第卷第一部分第一节文章大意：文章讲述了爱因斯坦在19141921年之间的主要经历。1D解析：段落大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句“Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history.”可知D正确。2A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“By 1914 young Einstein had been worldfamous.”可知A正确。这是同义句表达。3D解析：细节理解题。本题可以用排除法，其依据是第三段。第三段表明爱因斯坦深受战争的影响“.he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research.”，而且“Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.”也表明爱因斯坦在第一次世界大战期间研究工作实际上是停止了。因此选D。4B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the years following World War ，honours were increasingly put on him.”可知B正确。第二节5B解析：根据上文“.playing against a computer or against a friend on the computer can be difficult to stop.”可知，电脑游戏玩起来就很难停止。由此可知B项为正确答案。6G解析：根据上文“They are excellent for training hand and eye coordination.”可知，电脑游戏能够锻炼手眼协调，由此可知G项为正确答案。7C解析：根据上文“Computer games can also be great for teaching students.”可知，电脑游戏对学生学习也有帮助，由此可知C项为正确答案。8E解析：根据上文“And with computers you can practice a task as many times as you like.”可知，需要多多练习，由此可知E项为正确答案。9A解析：根据下文“Regular breaks are needed.”以及本段内容可知，不能长时间玩电脑游戏，因为长时间玩游戏会伤害眼睛。由此可知A项为正确答案。第二部分第一节文章大意：姐姐去外地上学，作者以为自己会很高兴，实际上她很舍不得姐姐。作者以此呼吁大家珍惜和兄弟姐妹在一起的时间。10C解析：根据“But when the happy summer came to an end，”可知，当姐姐高中毕业的时候，作者正在期待着夏天的到来。11D解析：根据下文情节可知，作者意识到姐姐要离开后，很难过。12A解析：根据下文“The next day we left the house and drove to the school”可知，作者的爷爷家离姐姐的学校不远。13B解析：根据“and later Katy would live in her apartment.”可知，作者认为以后姐姐会住在公寓里，这就是作者和姐姐睡在一起的最后一个夜晚。14C解析：根据“in fact I knew I would miss her.”以及“but in fact”可知，作者经常说姐姐的离开会使她高兴。15D解析：把姐姐送到学校之后，帮助姐姐搬她的东西。16C解析：根据“that wasnt in our house”以及“her apartment was quite strange to me.”可知，作者觉得在一个并非是自己家的陌生的环境里打扫屋子很奇怪。17B解析：根据上下文可知，此处为因果关系。18A解析：当我们在停车场取车前往爷爷家的时候19B解析：作者的家人和Katy挥手告别。20B解析：根据上文的“we were pulling out of the parking lot (停车场) to head back to my grandparents house，”可知，作者一家当时在车里。21C解析：根据“It seemed like there was so much sadness”可知，作者从未想到自己会因为姐姐上学而感到难过。22D解析：根据上文的“It seemed like there was so much sadness”可知，在爷爷家坐船后，作者还是觉得很伤心。23D解析：作者经常提醒自己姐姐没在家。24B解析：根据下文“Im really glad I can talk to her，most of the time，online and also on the _25_at times.”可知，网络和电话都很方便，作者能够在大部分时间通过网络和电话跟姐姐交谈。25C解析：根据下文的“I do have my own phone line”可知答案。26B解析：因为姐姐不在家，所以也没有抢电脑的争斗。37D解析：根据“I miss her.”可知，作者想念姐姐，宁愿让姐姐回来。28A解析：根据“They might not stay with us for very long.”可知，作者建议我们珍惜和兄弟姐妹在一起的时间。29C解析：结合上文作者自己的经历，作者认为一旦兄弟姐妹离开了，我们就会希望和兄弟姐妹相争的痛苦再回来。第卷第二部分第二节30conclusion31.cautious32analysing/analyzing33.announced34expose35.challenge36.polluted37characteristics38.contribution(s)39.blame第三节40challenge41.exp