2008年英语阅读理解专项训练---判断推理型.doc.doc

2008年英语阅读理解专项训练-判断推理型判断推理型这类题主要考查学生根据文章字面意思及语篇逻辑关系，从而看出细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等的能力。判断推理题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。提问整篇文章或某段某句的含蓄意思时，问句中一般都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推断，暗指）等词。对付这类题时不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，还要知道其潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示，同时要对它们作合理的猜测。考核考生对整个语篇进行推理分析的能力时，通常是以下列方式提出问题的：1.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat_.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat?4.Whatcanwelearnfrom?5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_.6.Wecanconcludethat.7.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat_.8.Theauthorimpliesthat_.9.Thewritersuggeststhat.10.ByaskingaseriesofquestionsinPara5,theauthormainlyintendstoindicatethat_.考核考生对作者观点、态度及语气、语调的理解时，常见的设问有：1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof.?2.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout.?3.Whatsthetoneofthispassage?4.Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto_.5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto_.6.Theauthorinthispassageintendsto_.7.Theauthorsattitudetowardis_?解题技巧：1)判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。2)全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。3)善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接选取文中的原句。Passage1Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure-thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping（蹦极跳）tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon)200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic（有弹性的）ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists（心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions；theybuyfoodinshops；andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.1.Thewriterofthetexthasa_attitude（态度）towardsdangeroussports.A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）D.nervousCPassage2Sincemyretirement（退休）fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmylatherdied.soperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes（风景画）muchinfluenced（影响）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,AtseventyIcanfollowmyheartsdesire.1.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor_.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy2.Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable.B.Abitregretful.C.Ratherbusy.D.Fairlydull.CAPassage3Iwasthemiddlechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyearsoneitherside,andIhardlysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely.Ihadthelonelychildshabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginarypersons,andIthinkfromtheverystartmyliteraryambitions（文学志向）weremixedupwiththefeelingofbeingisolated（孤独）andundervalued.IknewthatIhadanaturalabilitywithwordsandapoweroffacingunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldinwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.However,thequantityofseriouswritingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodwouldnotadduptohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.Icannotrememberanythingaboutitexceptthatitwasaboutatigerandthetigerhad“chair-liketeeth”-agoodenoughexpression.Ateleven,whenthewarof1914-18brokeout,Iwroteapoemwhichwasprintedinthelocal(地方的）newspaper,aswasanother,twoyearslater,onthedeathofKitchener.Fromtimetotime,whenIwasabitolder,Iwrotebadandusuallyunfinished“naturepoems”.Ialso,abouttwice,attemptedashortstorywhichwasafailure.Thatwasthetotalofthewould-beseriousworkthatIactuallysetdownonpaperduringallthoseyears.1.Fromthetext,welearnthatasalittleboythewriter.A.hadnoplaymatesB.showedhisgiftforwritingC.putoutlotsofpoemsandstoriesD.gothisfirstpoempublishedin19162.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewriter?A.Hewasleastfavouredinhisfamily.B.Hehadmuchdifficultyintalkingwithothers.C.Hehadanunhappychildhoodforlackofcare.D.Hislonelinessresultedinhisinterestinwriting.BDPassage4Iwas9yearsoldwhenIfoundoutmyfatherwasill.Itwas1994,butIcanremembermymotherswordsasifitwereyesterday:“Kerrel,Idontwantyoutotakefoodfromyourfather,becausehehasAIDS.Beverycarefulwhenyouarearoundhim.”AIDSwasntsomethingwetalkedaboutinmycountrywhenIwasgrowingup.Fromthenon,Iknewthatthiswouldbeafamilysecret.Myparentswerenottogetheranymore,andmydadlivedalone.Forawhile,hecouldtakecareofhimself.ButwhenIwas12,hisconditionworsened.Myfathersotherchildrenlivedfaraway,soitfelltometolookafterhim.Wecouldntaffordallthenecessarymedicationforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork,Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldntevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacherswordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.Ididnotsharemyburden(负担)withanyone.IhadseenhowpeoplereactedtoAIDS.Kidslaughedatclassmateswhohadparentswiththedisease.Andevenadultscouldbecruel.Whenmyfatherwasmovedtothehospital,thenurseswouldleavehisfoodonthebedsidetableeventhoughhewastooweaktofeedhimself.Ihadknownthathewasgoingtodie,butaftersomanyyearsofkeepinghisconditionasecret.Iwascompletelyunpreparedwhenhereachedhisfinaldays.Sadandhopeless,IcalledawomanatthenonprofitNationalAIDSSupport.Thatday,shekeptmeonthephoneforhours.Iwassoluckytofindsomeonewhocared.Shesavedmylife.Iwas15whenmyfatherdied.Hetookhissecretawaywithhim,havingneverspokenaboutAIDStoanyone,evenme.HedidntwanttocallattentiontoAIDS.Ido.1.WhydidKerrelkeepherfathersdiseaseasecret?A.Shewasafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.B.ShethoughtitwasshamefultohaveAIDS.C.Shefoundnoonewillingtolistentoher.D.Shewantedtoobeyhermother.2.WhydidKerrelwritethepassage?A.Totellpeopleaboutthesufferingsofherfather.B.ToshowhowlittlepeopleknewaboutAIDS.C.TodrawpeoplesattentiontoAIDS.D.Torememberedherfather.ACPassage5AstudyofEnglishlearningproblemswascarriedoutamongatotalof106foreignstudents.ItshowsthatmoststudentsconsideredunderstandingspokenEnglishtobetheirbiggerproblemonarrival.Thiswasfollowedbyspeaking,Writingincreasedasaproblemasstudentsdiscovereddifficultiesinwritingpapersthattheywerenowexpectedtohandin.Readingremainedasasignificant（显著的）problem.Theinformationsignedhelpedupindeterminingwherespecialattentionshouldbepaidinourcourse.Althoughmanystudentshavechosentojointhecoursewithareasonablemotivation（动机）,weconsidereditimportanttonotewhatseemedtoencourageinterest.Nearlyallthestudentshaveexperiencedsomekindofgrammar-basedEnglishteachingintheirowncountry.Tousethesamemethodwouldbeself-defeatingbecauseitmightreducemotivation,especiallyifithasfailedinthepest.Thereforeadifferentmethodmayhelpbecauseitisdifferent.Varietyofactivitywasalsoseenasawayofmaintaining（保持）orincreasingmotivationSeveralyearsagowehadonetimetablethatoperatedthroughout,butwesoonfoundthatboththestudentsandtheteacherslostinterestbyabouthalfwaythroughthetenweeks.Thisleduptoamajorre-think,sofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsofthestudents.1.Writingbecameabiggerproblemwhenforeignstudents_.A.hadtowritstheirpapersB.becamebetteratspeakingC.becamelessinterestedinreadingD.hadfewerproblemswithlistening2.Wemayinferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat_.A.differentteachingmethodsshouldbeusedB.grammar-basedteachingseemstobeencouragingC.EnglishcoursesarenecessaryforforeignstudentsD.teachingcontentshouldbechangedhalfwayAA判断推理型2一、对文章的体裁和来源作出判断考试大纲就明文规定：体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。而文章的来源指的是该文的出处，是选自小说，报刊杂志，还是科技论文，书评等，这就得靠考生自己作出判断了。通常这类问题的提问方式有以下几种：1.Thisselection（节选）mightbesomepartsofabookconcernedwith.2.Thispassagemightbetakenoutofabookdealingwith.3.Wheredidthispassagemostprobablyappear?4.Theseextracts（摘录）areprobablytakenfrom.5.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_?那么如何判断文章的体裁和来源呢？判断体裁应根据其写作特点和叙述的内容，故事、评论、阐述对话各有其特点，是不难区分的。判断其来源要留心所选的部分是哪一类的，涉及哪方面的内容。一篇故事是不可能取材于科学杂志，新闻报道也不可能刊载在书评内。因此，判断文章来源应将文章的形式及内容特点加以综合考虑才能下结论。二、对前后的内容作出判断与预测这是要求你对该选段前面未取部分或其后将要谈及的内容，作出判断与预测。通常提问的方式有：1.Theparagraphpreceding（先于.）thisonemostprobablydiscusses.2.Theparagraphprecedingthisextractprobablydealwith.3.Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilldiscussinthenextpart?5.Theauthorintendtoexplainnext.6.Accordingtothepassageyouveread,thewriterwillprobablysuggestnext.如何判断和预测前后的内容呢？由于所选文章的前后内容都未出现，且该部分是孤立的一段或几段，因此要准确作出判断，并非易事。这就要求我们在看文章时，要带着问题去阅读。首先，我们对所读的选段要有一个全局的概念，弄清它所涉及的全部内容，哪些可能已谈过，哪些还没谈，而我们正在阅读的摘选部分就是你作出分析的参照物了。其次，我们要从文章的语篇结构上去分析。一篇文章通常由导言、正文和结束语构成。导言一般要概述全篇内容，它规定了文章的主线或中心内容。借助导言，我们能紧紧把握作者的思路，从而有利于对文章的理解。正文是文章的主体，也是最常选摘的部分。正文的各段内容都由导言确定，也就是说，正文不论述导言中未提及的观点和内容。结束语是文章的收尾部分，尤其是正式论文往往通过它而使全篇得到提纲挈领的概括并从中得出结论。因此，通过对文章的篇章结构的分析，就可判断已谈了什么或将要谈什么。Passage1Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives；itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriversresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle；orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.Question:Thistextistakenfrom_.A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（广告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小册子）这篇文章由不系安全带造成的危害引出不系安全带会处以什么样的惩罚，以及哪些情况下可以不系安全带。很显然，文章应该是从警方的报告中节选下来的，答案是B。Passage2Its2035.Youhaveajob,afamilyandyoureabout40yearsold.Welcometoyourfuturelife.Gettingreadyforwork,youpauseinfrontofthemirror,Turnred,yousay.Yourshirtchangesfromskybluetodeepred.Tinypreprogrammedelectronicarerearrangedinyourshirttochangeitscolor.Lookingintothemirror,youfindithardtobelievethatyouare40.Youlookmuchyounger.Withamazingadvancesinmedicine,peopleinyourgenerationmaylivetobe150yearsold.Yourenotevenmiddle-aged.Asyougointothekitchenandpreparetopouryourbreakfastcerealintoabowl,youhear:Toloseweight,youshouldnteatthat,fromyourshoes.Theyreadthetinyelectroniccodeonthecerealboxtofindoutthenutritiondetails.Youdecidetolistentoyourshoes.Kitchen,whatcanIhaveforbreakfast?Alistofp