中英文文献-基于单片机的洗衣机控制器设计.doc

毕业设计（论文）中英文资料 题目 基于单片机的洗衣机控制器设计专 业 名 称 自动化班 级 学 号 学 生 姓 名 指 导 教 师 填 表 日 期 2014 年 3 月 9 日 第一部分前言洗衣机的出现给人们的生活带来了诸多方便。洗衣机是现代人必备的日常生活家电，它的发明和应用使人们的洗衣工作变得省时又省力，很好地缓解了人们在家务劳动方面的压力。而在家电市场竞争日益激烈和利润下降的今天，各大家电生产厂商均致力于开发出能满足用户各种要求的智能家电产品，并努力降低生产成本以增强竞争力。单片机以体积小、功能全、价格低廉、开发方便的优势得到了许多电子系统设计者的青睐，它适合于实时控制，可构成工业控制器、智能仪表、智能接口、智能武器装置等。作为一个价廉物美的微控制器，单片机被广泛应用在各种数字系统中。基于单片机的全自动洗衣机控制系统是单片机应用的一个典型例子。对基于单片机的洗衣机控制系统设计进行深入研究，可使我们掌握全自动洗衣机这种重要家电的工作原理和控制系统，进一步了解单片机在不同领域的应用方法，学会洗衣机控制电路的基本设计要领，同时也为将来从事电子信息行业打下一定基础，所以本题课具有重大的意义。第二部分发展及评价主体2.1洗衣机的发展洗衣机是一种在家庭中不可缺少的家用电器，发展非常快，全自动式洗衣机因使用方便得到大家的青睐，全自动即进水、洗涤、漂洗、摔干等一系列过程自动完成，控制器通常设有几种洗涤程序，对不同的衣物可供用户选择。展，洗衣机的性能将会不断完善。全自动洗衣机由于具有对衣物的磨损小、洗涤量大、节水等特点，越来越得到广大家庭的青睐。随着社会的进步和生活水平的提高，人们对全自动洗衣机的功能多样化、操作简单化也提出了更高的要求。为适应这种变化，全自动洗衣机的控制器已由机械式、混合式逐步过渡到全电子控制。2.2单片机的发展单片机又称微控制器，或称嵌入式控制器。而现在的智能家电无一例外是采用微控制器来实现的，所以家用电器是单片机应用最多的领域之一。它是家用电器实现智能化的心脏和大脑。由于家用电器体积小，故要求其控制器体积更小以便能嵌入其结构之中。而家用电器品种多，功能差异也大，所以又要求其控制器有灵活的控制功能。单片机以微小的体积和编程的灵活性而产生多种控制功能，完全可以满足家用电器的需求。单片机是一个单芯片形态,面向控制对象的嵌入式应用计算机系统。它的出现及发展使计算机技术从通用型数值计算领域进入到智能化的控制领域.从此,计算机技术在两个重要领域通用计算机领域和嵌入式计算机领域都得到了极其重要的发展,并正在深深地改变着我们的社会。单片机的结构特征是将组成计算机的基本部件集成在一块晶体芯片上,构成一台功能独特的,完整的单片微型计算机。单片机独特的结构决定了它具有如下特点：1、高集成度,高可靠性单片机将各功能部件集成在一块晶体芯片上,集成度很高,体积自然也是最小的。芯片本身是按工业测控环境要求设计的,内部布线很短,其抗工业噪音性能优于一般通用的CPU。单片机程序指令,常数及表格等固化在ROM中不易破坏,许多信号通道均在一个芯片内,故可靠性高。2、控制功能强为了满足对对象的控制要求,单片机的指令系统均有极丰富的条件:分支转移能力,I/O口的逻辑操作及位处理能力,非常适用于专门的控制功能。3、低电压,低功耗为了满足广泛使用于便携式系统,许多单片机内的工作电压仅为1.8V3.6V,而工作电流仅为数百微安。4、优异的性能价格比单片机的性能极高。为了提高速度和运行效率,单片机已开始使用RISC流水线和DSP等技术。单片机的寻址能力也已突破64KB的限制,有的已可达到1MB和16MB,片内的ROM容量可达62MB,RAM容量则可达2MB。由于单片机的广泛使用,各大公司的商业竞争更使其价格十分低廉,其性能价格比极高。第三部分总结洗衣机起源于19世纪初期，历经了一个多世纪的发展。1911年世界上第一台洗衣机问世，标志着家务劳动自动化的开始。1922年世界上第一台搅拌式洗衣机诞生。1937年世界上第一台全自动滚筒洗衣机投放市场。1957年第一台涡流式波轮洗衣机推出。从此，确立了搅拌式、滚筒式和波轮式洗衣机三足鼎立的局面。20世纪中期以后，洗衣机在一些发达国家的普及率迅速上升。70年代初期，日本推出波轮式套筒全自动洗衣机。70年代后期，日本又推出微电脑控制型波轮式套筒全自动洗衣机。80年代后，“模糊控制”开始应用于洗衣机，生产出了智能型模糊控制洗衣机。20世纪末，变频洗衣机问世，使洗衣机的功能更具人性化，实现了真正意义上的智能化控制，成为目前研究的主要方向。随着更多国内外品牌研究新的技术，开发新的产品，洗衣机行业爆发力以“节能环保”的技术更新。消费者通过选择智能模式，进一步实现省水、省电。今后，洗衣机将以高可靠性，完善的功能，节水节电，降噪省时及规格品种多样化为发展方向。part I ForewordWashing machine appears to peoples lives a lot of convenience. Washing machines are an essential modern appliances of daily life, its inventive and laundry applications enable people to save time and effort working to become, well ease the pressure on people in terms of household chores. In an increasingly competitive consumer electronics market and falling profits today, major appliance manufacturers have committed to develop to meet the various requirements of users of smart home appliances, and efforts to reduce production costs and enhance competitiveness.Microcontroller to small, full-featured, low cost, easy to get a lot of advantages to develop an electronic system designers of all ages, it is suitable for real-time control, may constitute industrial controllers, smart instrumentation, smart interfaces, smart weapons and devices.As an inexpensive microcontroller, microcontroller is widely used in a variety of digital systems. microcontroller-based control system for automatic washing machine is a typical example of microcontroller applications. microcontroller washing machine control system design based on in-depth study will enable us to grasp this important automatic washing machine and appliance control system works to further understanding of icrocontroller application methods in different fields, washing machine control circuit to learn the basic design essentials, while but also for the future in the electronic information industry to lay a foundation, so the lesson topic of great significance.Part II Development and evaluation of the mainDevelopment of a washing machineWashing machine is an indispensable household appliances, developing very fast, fully automatic washing machines easy to use because everyones favor, namely, automatic water, wash, rinse, dry fall and a series of processes automatically, controller usually have several washing procedures, different clothes to choose from. Exhibition, washing performance will continue to improve.Because of automatic washing machines for clothing wear, washing large, water-saving features, more and get the majority of families of all ages. With the improvement of living standards and social progress, peoples functional diversification automatic washing machine, simple operation also put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to this change, automatic washing machine controller by mechanical, hybrid gradual transition to full electronic control.Microcontroller developmentMicrocontroller known microcontroller, or embedded controller, said. And now, without exception, is the use of smart appliances microcontroller to achieve, so the appliances are one of the most microcontroller applications. It is intelligent appliances heart and brain.Because of small household appliances, and called for its smaller controller in order to embed its structure. The variety of household appliances, functional differences are large, so they asked their controllers have flexible control functions. microcontroller to tiny size and flexibility of programming and produce a variety of control functions, fully meet the needs of home appliances.Microcontroller is a single-chip form, object-oriented embedded control application of computer systems. Its emergence and development of computer technology to make numerical calculations from the universal field into the field of intelligent control from computer technology in two important areas - Universal field of computers and embedded computer field have been extremely important development, and is profoundly changing our society.Structural features of microcontroller is to integrate the basic components of the computer on a single crystal chip, constitute a unique feature, a complete single-chip microcomputer.Microcontroller determines its unique structure has the following characteristics:1, high integration, high reliabilityMicrocontroller will each feature integrated on a single crystal chip, a high degree of integration, the volume is naturally minimal. Chip itself is designed according to the requirements of industrial measurement and control environment, the internal wiring is very short, the anti-industrial noise performance than general purpose of the CPU. Microcontroller program instructions and forms, such as curing constants in ROM is not easy to destroy, many signal channels are within a chip, so the high reliability.2, the control function is strongIn order to meet the requirements for object control, microcontroller instruction set are extremely rich conditions: branching capacity, I / O port logic operations and bit processing capability, ideal for special control functions.3, low voltage, low powerIn order to meet widely used in portable systems, many of the microcontroller operating voltage of only 1.8V 3.6V, and the operating current of only hundreds of microamperes.Part III SummaryWashing machine originated in the early 19th century, after more than a century. 1911 advent of the worlds first washing machine, marking the start of housework automation. In 1922 the worlds first washing machine agitator was born. In 1937 the worlds first automatic drum washing machine market. 1957 Whirlpool Washing Machine first introduced. Since then, established the stirring, top loading washing machine drum and the three pillars of the situation. Mid-20th century, the washing machine penetration rising rapidly in some countries. The early 1970s, Japan launched wave wheel sleeve automatic washing machine. The l