初中主谓一致语法总结

1 / 54 初中主谓一致语法总结 授 课 教 案 学员姓名： _ 授课教师： _ 所授科目： _ 学员年级： _ 上课时间： _年 _月 _日 _时 _分至 _时 _分共 _小时 在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我 们通常说的 “ 主谓一致 ” 。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。 一、语法一致 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致 :主语是单数形式 ,谓语也采取 2 / 54 单数形式 ;主语是复数形式 ,谓语亦采取复数形式 .例如 : He often helps me learn English. (主语是单数形式 ,谓语也采取单数形式 ) . My friends often help me learn English. (主语是复数形式 ,谓语也采取复数形式 ) 但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单 ,有许多方面的情况需要 去具体地对待 : 1、不定式 ,动名词 ,以及从句作主语时应看作单数 ,谓语动词用单数 . 例如 : Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了 . 3 / 54 2、不定代词 one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数 ,谓语动词用单数 .但 none 作主语时 ,谓语动词既可 用单数也可用复数 ,这要取决于说话人的看法。 例如 :Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动 . Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现 出很大的兴趣 . 3、表示国家 ,机构 ,事件 ,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数 ,谓语动词用单数 . 例如 : One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 一千零一夜给人们讲了许多有 趣的故事。 4 / 54 4、 a kind of, the number of 等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数 ,谓语动词用单数 . 例如 : The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是 400. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人 . 5、由 some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语 ,或是由它们自身作主语时应 看作复数 ,谓语动词用复数 .另外 ,由 and连接两个主语时 ,谓语一般用复数 . 例如 : On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边 ,有些人在打排球。 Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛 . A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to 5 / 54 work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业 的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作 . 6、有些表示数量的百分数 ,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时 ,要根据这个名词或代词来决定 其谓语动词的单复数形式 .如 :a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of 等后接不可数名词 ,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单 数 ,谓语动词用单数 ;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数 ,谓语动词用复数 . 例如 : A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱 . A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。 6 / 54 二、意义一致 这一原则是指 ,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题 .有时主语形式上为单数 ,但意义上却是 复数 ,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式 ;而有时主语形式上为复数 ,但意义上却是单数 ,那么谓语 依意义亦用单数形式 . 1) 当主语后面接由 but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with 等引导的词组时 ,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。 在这样的句子里 ,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单 ,复数形式 ,它们在句子里其实是 状语 . 例如 : The teacher, with all his students, is going to 7 / 54 have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周 末与学生们一起去野炊 . The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这 个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊 . 我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬 到句首或是放到句末去 ,因为它们在句子里 是状语 : The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher. 2) 表示时间 ,金钱 ,距离 ,体积 ,重量 ,面积 ,数字等词语作主语时 ,， 谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。 Twenty years stands for a long period in ones life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时 8 / 54 期 . 3) 形容词前加定冠词即 the + 形容词 作主语时 ,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单 数 ,谓语动词用单数 ;指一类人则应该看作是复数 ,那么谓语动词也应该用复数 . 例如 : The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。 4)由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师9 / 54 来了。 (作家和教师指同一个人 ) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。 (作家和老师是两个人 ) 5)集体名词作主语时 ,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义 :主语表示整体时视为单数 ,谓语动词 用单数 ;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数 ,谓语动词用复数 .这类集体名词常见的 有 :army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team 等 . 例如 : The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球 . The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞 . 6)一些形式为复数 ,意思为单数的名词 ,如 :trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主语时 ,谓语 10 / 54 动词用复数 . 如 :Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的 . 但当这类名词前有 a pair of 修饰时 ,谓语动词应用单数 . 如 : This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou. 三、就近原则 这一原则是指 ,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致 .常出现在这类 句 子 中 的 连 词 有 :or, either or , neither nor ,not only but also 等 . 例如 : Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我 ,就是他们要对那件 事的结局负责任 . 11 / 54 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事 . 常见考法 对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。 典型例题： The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was 解析： but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like 等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致 ,本题中就是和 The factory 保持一致。而 这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单 ,复数形式 ,它们在句子里其实是状语 . 12 / 54 答案： D 误区提醒 主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注 意就近原则、集体名词和百分数 ,分数短语作主语的情况。 典型例题： Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 解析：本题考查的是就近原则。 either or , neither nor ,not only but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和 Steven 保持一致。有 now.可知是现在进行时，排除 A和 C. 答案： B 英语主谓一致的易错点归纳 13 / 54 不定式短语、动词 -ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。 Who will do the job hasn t been decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。 注： what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。 “ 名词或代词 +由 with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than 等引起的短语 ” 作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如： Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。 14 / 54 No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。 Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。 “more than one/many a + 单数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语 动词用单数形式。如： More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。 Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。 注： “More+ 复数名词 than one” 作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如： More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。 15 / 54 “ 一两个 ” ，用 “one or two+ 名词复数 ” 表达时，谓语用复数；用 “a(an) + 名词单数 or two” 表达时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： One or two days are enough for them. =A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。 and 连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。 但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一 概念或一个完整的东西时 (其特征是 and 后的名词前无任何冠词 ) ，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The teacher and writer has come. 那个教师兼作家已经来了。 (The teacher and the writer have come. 那个教师和那16 / 54 个作家都到来 了。 ) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 奶油面包是西方的日常食物。 A knife and fork is on the table. 有一副刀叉在桌上。 注：当 and连接的并列单数主语前分别有 no， each, every, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。 不定代词 one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被 each, every 修饰的名词做主语，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如： Is everybody here today? 大家都到齐了吗？ 17 / 54 Neither (book) is good. 两本书都不好。 None knows the weight of another s burden. 见人挑担不吃力。 注： neither, none 做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如： Are/Is neither of the teams playing this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行比赛？ None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他们中没有一个人去过长城。 不过， none 作主语，其表语是单数，谓语用单数；表语是复数，谓语则用复数。 在定语从句中，当关系代词 who, which 或 that 做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如： The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的教师是英国人。 18 / 54 Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 这些就是昨天买的书吗？ I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我，一个新教师，将教你们英语。 “one of+ 名词复数 ” 后面的定语从句， 谓语动词应该用复数；而 “the (only) one of + 名词复数 ” 后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如： He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。 He is the (only) one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试的那个学生。 某些集体名词，如 family, audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复单数形式。如： 19 / 54 My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。 The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大，总共有 12个人。 当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡 15分钟当然足够了。 但若与 pass, go by, spend, waste 等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如： Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如 shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts 等，谓语通常用复数形式。如： His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。 20 / 54 但带有 pair 这样的量词时，谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如： That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。 “ 分数 + of + 名词 ” 以及 “al l (most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest) + of + 名词 ” 做主语时，谓语动词的数与 of后的名词的数一致。如： Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地表四分之三都是水。 Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。 All of my classmates like music. 我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。 All of the water is gone. 那些水全都没有了。 The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生21 / 54 都回家了。 The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的钱被人偷了。 “a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名词 ”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但 “these (those, all, many, some) kinds of + 名词 ” 做主语，谓语则用复数形式。如： This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。 Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop. 那个店里有许多种鞋出售。 注： “ 名词 + of a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many 等 ) + kind(s) ” 做主语，谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如： Book of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。 Apples of these kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。 在主谓倒 装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一22 / 54 致。如： On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅大肖像。 Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教 学楼。 “a number of + 复数名词 ” 意为 “ 许多 ” ，作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of + 复数名词 ” 意为 “的数目 ” ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请的人是五十个，但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。 “a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词 ” 作 主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致；如： A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短时间内造成了很大的损害。 23 / 54 A great amount of our investments are in property. 我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。 但 “(large /huge) quantities /amounts of 名词 ” 作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如： Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量金钱。 “a +单数名词 +and a half” 和 “one and a half + 复数名词 ” 做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一个半梨子。 主谓一致语法总结 -安顺 一中曹方平供稿 一 就近原则：在 not onlybut also, notbut , neithernor , eitheror , there be 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。 例： only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. 24 / 54 you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如： class , team, group, family, audience(听众 ), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会 ) 等。 例： class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games . 三 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例： , with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the 25 / 54 fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母 ) 四 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例： of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. is expecting you at the school gate . 但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。 例： None of them are / is interested in local music. 另外：当 every, each, no 做定语时，即使用 and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。 例： student is preparing for the final examination now. boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. 26 / 54 teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . each have an English dictionary .(此句中 each 做同位语，谓语由主语 they确定 ) 五 .当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。 例： hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航 )。 kilometers was covered in two hours . 但算式做主语时，谓语用单数，复数都可以。 例： times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .) 六 当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数，表示不同的两件事。 27 / 54 例： he succeeds or fails doesnt concern me . (他成功或失败与我无关 ) in the Yangtze River needs great courage. say something is one thing, to do it is another. play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training. 另外： 当 what, all (that) 或 such 引导的句子做主语时，谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定 . 例： he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries. that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes . are the things I often do in a day. 28 / 54 is my best friend Mary. 七 当一个复数名词用做书名，人名，学科名或报刊名时，谓语用单数。 例： s Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift . Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . 八 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 例： is the only one of the students who has passed the examination. told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540s / 1540s. 九 在强调句中，强调主语时，后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。 29 / 54 例： am in the search for my missing gold ring . 其强调句为： It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring . 十几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。 A. 当 and 与 bothand 连接两个主语时，一般用复数的谓语。但如果由 and并列的两个主语是指同一人时，此时后面一个主语没有冠词，其谓语用单数，表示一 个人具有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，谓语则用复数。 例： teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture . teacher and the singer are talking in the hall. B. the +形容词 / 分词 做主语表一类人时，谓语一般用复数；但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。 例： wounded are being done first aid beside the road 30 / 54 now . 2.She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table . has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad . rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears C many 修饰主语时，谓语用复数。但 many a , more than one +单数名词 ，虽说具有复数意义，但谓语仍用单数。 例： students have made that mistake before . a student has made that mistake before . than one student has made that mistake before . D. 当 trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由 两个部分构成的物品做主语时， 谓语一般用复数。但31 / 54 若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时，谓语用单数。 例： trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident . pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed . (转 载于 : 海达 范文 网 :初中主谓一致语法总结 ) 主谓一致专练 1 -_ either he or I proud of the job ? -Neither he nor you _. A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is 2. A knife and fork _ lying on the floor . A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees factory, including its equipments and buildings ,_burnt last night . 32 / 54 A. is B. are C. was D. were 4 .I, who _ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲 伤 ). A. was B. are C. is D. am 5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _ farmers . A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Some person _asking for you at the entrance to the cinema . A. will be B. is being C. is D. are rest of the novel _ very wonderful and instructive . A. were B. are C. is D. seem 33 / 54 means _ tried, but there is no absolute result yet. A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were I want _ an interesting book while what he expects _ two cups of coffee . A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are teacher, together with four students, _ sent to help with this research the next week . A. was B. has C. were D. are lost one of the books which _borrowed from the library yesterday. A. were B. was C. had D. have ,as well as his relatives and friends, _a 34 / 54 party at home now. A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding 26th Olympic Games _ held successfully . A. is B. will be C. are D. were but the one that asked for leave yesterday _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were each side of the road _ a lot of tall trees . A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing hours with your old friends_ to be a short time . A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed and where to build the new first aid center _ yet. 35 / 54 A. hasnt been decided B. doesnt decided C. havent been decided D. arent decided United Nations _ in 1959 . A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded teacher and each scientist _ invited to take part in the conference. A. are B. was C. has D. were and a half apples _ left on the table . A. are B. is C. has D. have 第四讲 主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement) 一、考点、热点回顾 36 / 54 、主谓一致的定义 “ 主谓一致 ” 是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如 are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如： is, was, has, works等。 它通常依据三项 原则： 1） 语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 语法上一致 就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。因此也成37 / 54 为形式一致原则。 1 he likes English. 2 we all like English 1.由 and 连接的两个主语 (1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候 ,谓语动词用复数。 : My English teacher and my class-teacher are talking with each other. (2) 如果指的是同一个人或物 , 或者指同一概念的时候 , 谓语要用单数。 : My English teacher and class-teacher is Miss Wang. 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no， each， every， more than a ， a 修饰 时，其谓语动词要用单数38 / 54 形式。 : Many a boy and many a girl Every boy and every girl Each boy and each girl wants to see the film. No boy and no girl More than a boy and more than a girl 2. 如果主语是不定式，动词 ing形式或主语从句的时候 ,谓语动词用单数。 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 What he is doing seems very important. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 39 / 54 由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式， 但若 ?在主系表结结构中表语是复数 What he left to me were some books. ? wh-从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to me. What he thought and did at home have nothing to do with this problem. many 3、 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with， together with， along with, except， but， besides， in addition to, like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数40 / 54 形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 as well as together with / along with Tim besides/ except/but/in addition to like including rather than 4. 在定语从句时，关系代词 that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与