高中英语语法动词不定式.ppt

动词不定式及其用法,Grammar,一动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。,动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.,Togiveupsmokingisright.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2.放弃吸烟是对的。,作宾语,Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.,Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2.他答应不告述任何人这事。,afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish,Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.,Remember!,Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyv-ing.avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,canthelp,Rememberthem!,作表语,MyjobistoteachEnglish.,Toseeistobelieve.,1.我的工作是教英语。,2.眼见为实。,作定语,Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,1.你有什么要说的吗?,2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth,Itseemsthathehasnopen_.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith,注意,如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.,不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.,注意,作状语,Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,目的状语:常用的结构todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语:一般用在句尾Imgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.,作宾补,Sheaskedmetostaythere.,1.她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,1)带to的不定式作宾补。很多动词如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后面作宾补的不定式都带to。,如:Hedidntallowustosmokeinhishouse.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2)不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。,如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时第2类动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。,Becareful!,注意:,动词不定式的时态,1.Heseemstoknowthis.,2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.,.一般式(todo).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式(tobedoing),1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.,2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.,表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（tohavedone),1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.,不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。,动词不定式的语态,.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone),1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.,2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.,动词不定式的语态,.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone),1.Hedidntliketobelaughedat.,2.Heclaimed_inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.,注意,A.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前,Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.,注意,B.动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常做主语，宾语。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,1.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned,练习,3.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswertheteachersquestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen,5.Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.Wouldyoubesokindasusout?-Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp,7Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning,10.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking,11.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying,高考链接,1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国I卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,B,2.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed,A,C,4._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷)A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_,Imhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2008上海卷)A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing,D,A,6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(07江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(07浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard,D,A,Translation,1.Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecentre.2.Itisveryimportanttoturnoffth