高中英语课件不定式.ppt

Theinfinitive不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,Tohaveanicecreamiscool.,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyoushoulddonowistoremembertodayslesson.,Iwantapentowritewith.,Heloweredhisheadtosleep.,Heaskedhispartnernottocopythehomework.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,想一想,动词不定式的时态,Hepretendstobeilltosleepinclass.,一般式(todo),Hepretendstobelisteningwhenasked.,进行式(tobedoing),不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,Hepretendstohaveunderstoodthelesson.,完成式（tohavedone),表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。,重点!,Rememberthem!,一、-ing形式与不定式的区别,不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。,Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.,Tofinishtheworkinaweekisimpossible.,二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。,但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。,Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinaweek.,Itis/was,notanyuse/good,oflittleuse/good,useless,+doingsth.,nouse/good,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.,注意,1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hopewishwantagreepromisedemandaskrefusemanagelearndecidepretendchoosefaildareofferhelp,三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝,做到学会作决定,不要假装在选择,没敢提出来帮助,三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别,2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：resist、objectto、delay、lookforwardto、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.,抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏,Beartheminyourmind!,四、不带to的不定式作宾补,四看,watch,see,observe,notice,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hewasmadetodohiswork.,Becareful!,五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/but后接不带to的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to。Caihasnochoicebuttodothehomework.Caidoesnothingbutsleepeveryday.,六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.,七、something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）,注意比较,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,八、独立结构,tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth,九、不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,-Wouldyouliketogowithme?-Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?-Idliketobe.,十、固定句型:,hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.Why(not)dosth.?prefertodo/preferdoingprefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingBprefer+todoAratherthandoBwouldrather(not)dosth.wouldratherdoAthan(do)Bwouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,Useyourhead!,高考题回放,1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate_fromyousometime.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearingD.hearing2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tobestudyingC.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying,3.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends_averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got4.Theyareconsidering_beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse,5.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard,（0.47）,2007卷9,7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit,9._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthe