项目一商务英语常用词语与句型-没有幻灯片标题.ppt

商务英语常用词汇与句型,1.Commodityn.商品（正式用语，指一般性的商品的总称）,Eg:Theyarenotinterestedinmostofcommoditiesondisplay.Eg:Thecommoditypriceshavebeengoingupinrecentyears.,2,在外贸业务中表示商品的同义词很多（本组词包括17个），具体含义和用法各异，如下所述：,1)Goods(词形固定为复数，但不与数词连用，可与commodity等词通用，是较普通的用语)Eg:Thegoodsenquiredforareoutofstockforthemoment.2)Merchandise泛指商品，无复数形式不与不定冠词连用，不具体指某种商品。Eg:Smithon/fortheaccountofsb.由的账户付账Eg:Alltheexpensespriortoshipmentarefor/onsellersaccount.Eg:Webuythegoodsfor/ontheaccountofMessersFreemanthistimetheymaydoalittlebetter.Eg:Nootherbuyershavebidhigherthanthisrate.另：counterbid=counteroffer还价，还盘,21.bidn.递价，递盘,40,EuropeanMainPorts,asfollows(=aswhatfollows)如下Eg:Thepricesarequotedasfollows:follow-upn.续函Eg:Thisisafollow-uptoourletterofMay1.Followingadj.HK$HongKongDollars同理，Francs也不代表法郎Eg:FrenchFrancs&SwissFrancs￥也不表示人民币，正确的应该是RMB￥Eg:Jan￥SterlingPoundsDMGermanMarks,37Reducev.减少，降低=decrease,Eg:Doyouagreetoreducethequantityfrom350tonsto200tons?Eg:Buyerscannotacceptyourquotationunlessitisreduced/decreased.同义词还有：decline/fall但不能直接跟宾语，比较：Eg:Thedemandon/forwoolshasdeclined/fallen.reductionn.下降，减少(=decline,decrease)Eg:Therehasbeenareduction/fall/decreaseindemandofwools.Eg:Itisestimatedthatthereisreduction/fall/decline/inpriceofmeatandeggsinthenearfuture.,38Rejectv.拒绝,在外贸业务中常用于拒收、驳回等场合，语气强烈。注意该词后接名词性宾语，不可用不定式。Eg:Thebuyerrejectedalltheexcusesthatthesellermadeforthedelayeddelivery.Eg:Werejectthegoods,becausetheyaremuchmoreinferiortothesample.,同义和近义的外贸常用词,1）refusev.（语气较轻，原意是不愿做某事）可直接跟宾语、动词不定式Eg:Theyrefusetoconsideroursuggestion.Eg:Werefusetoentertainthisclaim,asthebuyershavegivennosupportingdocuments.2）decline谢绝（更婉转有礼）后可跟名词宾语、动名词、动词不定式Eg:Asyourpricesaretoohightomeetthecompetition,wehavetodeclineyourofferwithregret.,此三词语气程度为：declinerefusereject,39Satisfyv.使人感到满意,常用短语sth.satisfiessb.某事令某人感到满意besatisfiedwithsth.对某事满意Eg:Yourexplanationdoesntsatisfyus.Eg:Wearesatisfiedwiththeresultofthenegotiation.satisfactoryadj.令人满意的常用句型：sth.besatisfactory(tosb.)某事令某人满意Eg:Wefindtheshipmentsamplequitesatisfactory.satisfactionn.令人满意常用句型：toonessatisfaction令某人满意Eg:Wehopetheparticularmaterialwillsureourtoyoursatisfaction.,40Regretv.抱歉，遗憾,Eg:Weregretthisoversightonourpart.Eg:Theyverymuchregrethavingcausedussomuchtrouble.Eg:Weregrettosaythatyoudelayed30daystoopenL/C.n.抱歉，遗憾常用句型：toonesregretEg:Muchtoourregret,nomoreorderscanbeacceptedthisyearforheavycommitments.Eg:Wenotewithregretthatyourpriceisonthehighside.,Regretfuladj.（指人）感到抱歉的Eg:WeareregretfulthatwedidntopenL/Cintime.Regrettableadj.（指物）令人遗憾的Eg:Thisisaregrettablematter.,试比较：Regrettodosth.与regretdoingsth.Forgettodosth.与forgetdoingsth.,思考题：动词不定式与动名词用法有何差异？含义如何？,41Extendv.,1）延长，延展，延期Eg:WehavetoaskyoutoextendtheshipmentdateandthevalidityofyourL/CtotheendofMayandJune15respectively.Eg:Pleaseextendyourofferforfortnight.,思考题：为什么要分别延长装运期和信用证的有效期？,2）扩大，扩展(=expand，可换用)Eg:WewishtoextendourtradeactivitiesintheborderbetweenChinaandRussia.Eg:Youmustexpandyourproductiontomeetthedailyincreasingdemand.3）给予(=offer,grant)Eg:Weextendourthankstoyouforyourclosecooperationinthisrespect.Eg:WeareextendingourinvitationtohavethepresenceoftheManagingDirectorofG.PDuncan&Co.,42Claimn.索赔，收汇,为某事向某人提出索赔lodgeaclaimwithsb.forsth.raiseaclaimagainstsb.forsth.fileaclaimonsb.forsth.可换用的还有：putin,setup,make,issue,lay,registerEg:Weareentitledtolodgeaclaimfortheinferiorqualityagainsttheseller.Eg:Theyhaveraisedaclaimonthegoodsfor$530onaccountofshortweight.Eg:OurclaimonyourL/CNo.55hasnotbeenpaidyet.,v.索赔claimfromsb.forsth.为某物向某人索赔Eg:WeclaimRMB20000fromtheinsurancecompany.Eg:TheyclaimedthepaymentfromtheirclientinAustralia.,有些形容词，本身已是比较级的形式，后面不能用than应用to。此类词有：prior,senior,junior,superior,Inferior,preferable,43Insurev.保险，投保,Eg:WehaveinsuredtheshipmentagainstAllRisksandWarRiskwiththePeoplesInsuranceCompanyofChina.(PICC)Eg:PleaseinsuretheinitialorderforUS$25000againstAllRisks.insurancen.保险常用结构：cover/effect/arrange/takeoutinsuranceonsth.againstfororat为某物按金额投保险别Eg:Insurancehasbeencoveredbythesellersonthesubjectarticlefor/at110%oftheinvoicevalueagainstAllRisks.,insurancecompany（=underwriter,insurer）保险公司,保险人insurancepolicy保险单insurancepremium保险费insurancecoverage保险险别（范围）insuranceagent保险代理Eg:Sincethepremiumvarieswiththeextentofinsurance,extrapremiumisforbuyersaccountifadditionalrisksshouldberequired.,保险条款标准格式：,tobecoveredby某人against投保险别for投保金额asper保险条款FOB、CFR条件下,由买方投保，与卖方无关，因此，简单规定为：TobecoveredbytheBuyersCIF条件下，由卖方投保，保险的险别、保险金额直接关系保险费的多少，因此必须明确规定，国际惯例为：Eg:TobecoveredbytheSellersfor110%oftheinvoicevalueagainstAllRisksandWarRiskasperCICdated1stJanuary1981.(orPICC),简要复习相关保险知识,海上自然灾害全损风险意外事故部分损失单独海损共同海损,外来一般外来风险（11种）11种一般加险风险特殊、特别外来风险特殊、特别附加险,重要术语：单独海损（ParticularAverage）共同海损（GeneralAverage）,平安险（FreeFromParticularAverage单独海损不赔）的保险范围：上图红线以上黄色箭头除外水渍险（WithParticularAverage单独海损也赔）的保险范围：上图红线以上一切险（AllRisks）的保险范围：上图绿线以上,施救费用海上费用救助费用,特别说明：三种基本险都包括海上费用,44Casen.事例，案例,Eg:Itseemsthatwehavetoreferthecasetoarbitration.常用词组：1）incase(=if，间或可与provided换用)Eg:InthatcasetheL/Carrivestomorrow,westillhavetimetorushtheshipment.Eg:WecanarrangetheshipmentprovidedthatyourL/Ccomestoourhandbeforetheendofthismonth.2）incaseof(=intheeventof)万一，如果发生Eg:Pleaseinformusbyreturnincaseofdelay.3）inanycase不管怎样，无论如何(与inanyrate,innocase可通用)Eg:Weadmitthatthequalityofyourgoodsisslightlybetter,butthegapinpriceshould,innocase,beasbigas10%.,独立主格结构,suchbeingthecase情况既然如此Eg:Suchbeingthecase,youhavenocauseforcomplain.,当句子主语与分词的主语不一致时，分词短语可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构（n.+doing或done），或改为相应的状语从句。Eg:Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Eg:Somanypeoplebeingabsent,wedecidedtoputoffthemeeting.Eg:Whenwewerestandinginthedriveway,thehouseappearedtobemuchsmallerthanithadseemedtousaschildrenmanyyearsago.,45Stockn.存货,supplysth.from/in/exstock某物有现货可供Eg:Theycansupplythisquantityex/from/intheirstock.Eg:WeshallplacerepeatordersifyouhaveagoodstockofLinengoods.Eg:Blacktea,firstgrade,isoutofstockatpresent.v.备有存货，置办存货Eg:Wedotnotstockthismaterialforthetimebeing.adj.常备的Eg:Thisisastockexcuse.,46Disposev.使用意于，使倾向于,disposesb.todosth.使某人有意欲（倾向于）Eg:Anactivemarketdisposesustoentertainnewbusiness.bedisposedto(=beinclinedto/beaptto)倾向于（做某事），有意（做某事）Eg:Dealersarenotdisposedtocarrylargestocksnow.Eg:Inviewofthissituation,weareinclinedtowait.Eg:Ourbuyersareapttogivetheirorderstoyourcompetitors.disposeofsth.售卖出，处理掉Eg:Wefoundthereisanotherchancetodisposeofthebalance.,disposaln.处理，出售Eg:Thedisposalofthesubstandardproductsisataxingproblem.常用短语：atonesdisposal由某人使用（处理或支配）Eg:WeputourbusinessattheagentsdisposalinHK.,前缀sub-下面的Eg:subwaysubdividesubconscious,47Drawv.开具（汇票）,Eg:Weagreetodrawat60daysD/Pinsteadof60daysD/A.draw(adraft)onsb.for为某物向某人开具汇票收款Eg:Weregrettonotethatdraftdrawnonyouagainstyourpurchaseofcannedasparaguswasdishonored.Eg:Asagreed,wehavedrawnonyoufortheinvoicevalueofthissamplelotthroughtheBankofChinainTokyo.drawup(=makeout,draft)拟写，草拟Eg:Thecontractisbeingdrawnup.Eg:Wewilldrawuptheagreementinadayortwo.,48Requirev.需要，要求,requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事（还可跟从句）Eg:Pleasecableusifadditionalrequired.Eg:TheL/Crequiresustoshipthegoodsinonelot.Eg:Theprovisionrequiresthatsparebagsshouldaccompanytheshipment.requirementn.需要之物，具体要求（通常用复数）常用结构：cover/meet/satisfy/fill/supplyonesrequirementsfor/ofsth.Eg:Wearewellplacedtomeetyourrequirementsforsteelmaterials.Eg:Itsapitythatyoucannotcoverourannualrequirementsof100tonswalnuts.,49Expectv.期待，预期,后接名词，动词不定式或从句Eg:Weexpectthenewcropwillsoonbeavailable.相似的表达还有：anticipatev.期待（后接名词，动词不定式或从句）lookforwardto盼望（后接名词和动名词）近义的还有：waitfor/await等待（后接名词、动名词）后接名词，动词不定式或从句,50Shipmentn.装运，装运期，装运的货物Eg:Pleasearrangeshipmentassoonaspossible.Eg:Youarerequestedtoextendshipment15days.Eg:Fifteenoutofashipmentof8000motorcyclesonboards.s“Prince”weredamagedduringtransit.,shippingadj.装运的Eg:Weawaityourshippingadvice.Eg:Weshalladviceyouoftheshippingmarkswithinthisweek.Eg:Shippingspacehasbeenfullybookedup.Eg:Theseshippingarrangementsarenotoperativeuntilratifiedbyoursuppliers.,shipv.&n.装运，装船，船（=steamer,vessel）Eg:Weareundernoobligationtoshipbydirectsteamer.Eg:Weshallshipyourorderimmediatelyonreceiptofthismonth.Eg:Thereisnoship/steamer/vesselunoccupiedthismonth.,思考题：Shippingadvice（装船通知）是谁发给谁的？什么时候发？其作用是什么？重要性怎样？,51Obligev.答应要求,Eg:Pleaseobligeusbyofferingyourbestprice.常用结构：beobliged感激的(=thankful,grateful,appreciate)beobligedtodosth.(=becompelled/forcedtodosth.)被迫做某事Eg:Ourbuyersareobligedtowaitandseeduetoyourunaccommodation.Eg:WeareobligedtocanceledthecontractifyourL/Cfailstoreachherebeforenoontomorrow.,52Effectv.完成，实现n.效果，影响,Eg:Shipmentcanbeeffectedimmediately.Eg:Pleaseeffectinsuranceat110%ofinvoicevalueagainstAllRisks.Eg:WearerequestedtoeffectamendmentoftheL/Csoonest.Eg:Thepricefluctuationwillhaveafavorableeffectonthemarket.1）ineffect(=infact)实际上，事实上；有效Eg:Theimportregulationisstillineffect.Eg:Heisineffectaqualitifiedmanager.,2）takeeffect(=come/gointoeffect)生效Eg:Thenewly-adjustedpricesshalltakeeffectfrom/onthe1stOctober.3）totheeffectthat大意是说，意思是；以使Eg:Informationhasbeenreceivedtotheeffectthatyouareinspectingthegoods.Eg:Wehavecabledyoutotheaboveeffect.,53Dueadj.,Eg:Wehavereceivedtheremittance,buthavetopointoutthatthecommissionforthepreviousdealisstillduetous.Eg:Theplaneisduetotakeoffataquartertoten.Eg:ThesteamerisduenextMondayatShanghai.Eg:Thedraftfallsduenextmonth.Eg:Theytrustthattheyareabletomakepaymentinduecourse.Eg:Afterdueconsideration,theydecidedtograntourrequest.overduev.超过（期限），逾期Eg:Thetimeofshipmenthasbeenoverdue.,54Bookv.预订，订购，登记入册，买进,1）bookanorderwithsb.向某人定货2）bookonesorderfor把某人定货记载入帐Eg:Wehavebookedshippingspaceons.s.“EastWind”,whichisscheduledtoarriveinLondononoraboutAugust10.Eg:Aswearefullybookedwithorders,weregretbeingunabletosatisfyyourrequirementsforthisarticleatpresent.Eg:Pleaseletusknowifyoumaybookyourorderattheadjustedprice.,Bookingsn.订货（=commitment）Eg:Owingtoheavybookings/commitments,wecannotacceptfreshbusiness.Eg:Wehavetooheavybookings/commitmentstoallowustotakeonanyorders.,55Contactv.接触，联系(=approach),后接名词性宾语Eg:Wehavecontacted/approachedtheshippingcompanyforbookingthespace.Eg:Pleasecontact/approachourHeadOfficedirectly.n.联系，接触常用结构：make(hold,bein)contactwithsb.与某人进行/保持联系Eg:Wehaveheldbusinesscontactwiththiscorporationfor20years.,母公司（总部）子公司（Subsidiary）,56.See看,1）seeoneswayto有可能做，设法做Eg:WetrustyouwillseeyourwaytoeffectshipmentinNovember.Eg:Theydontseetheirwaytograntingthebuyersrequest.2）see(toit)that注意办理以使，务必使，当心Eg:Wewillseethatthegoodsareproperlypacked.Eg:SeethatyoudontfailtoopentheL/C.seeabout处理Eg:Whowillseeaboutthisorder?Eg:Pleaseseeaboutthisletterwithoutanydelay.,重要,57.assurev.保证，使确信（=ensure）,1)assuresb.ofsth.向某人保证某事，使某人确信以人做主语时，表示向某人保证或承诺某事时多用此句型Eg:Weassureyouofourpromptattentiontothismatter.Eg:Weassureyouthatwellgivethismatterourpromptattention.2)be(rest)assuredof请放心，请确信（rest在此作系动词）Eg:Youmayrestassuredofourclosecooperationatalltimes.Eg:Youmaybeassuredthatweshallalwaysyouourclosecooperation.,ensure的常用句型：ensure+直接宾