医学词汇构词法.ppt

ByWangLanyingForeignLanguageDepartment,TheFormationofMedialVocabulary,ACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposes,I.Target,1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning,2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithML,I.Target,3.Nurturethesenseofstylisticresearch,II.Methodology,1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation,2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading,3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures,4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteachersguide,III.CourseArrangement,1.72Teachingperiods,4/week,2.EightUnitsthisterm,3.Requiredcourseandexam,4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamically,Davi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaningeyedoctor,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.,Whatismedicallanguage?,Basicelementsofmedicalwords,Mostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters),Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosis,Threemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.,gastr/o/enter/o/logy,root,root,suffix,Combiningform,Electr/o/cardi/o/gram,root,root,root,combiningvowel,combiningvowel,心电图,Combiningforms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:bone,epi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient,-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting,2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.,3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿,OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatoma,anatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多,TheRolesofPronunciation,MedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCells,Endocrinesyst.,Reproductivesyst.,MasteryofMedicalWords,OrgansTissuesCells,Distributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature,Essentialvoc.,Popularsciencevoc.,Medicalterms,The2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndrome,The3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentation,The1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,study,Distributionofvocabulary,MedicalTerminology,I.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compounding,opportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳,I.Conversion词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术,sympatheticnerve,sympathomimetic拟交感神经药；capsule胶囊药,被膜,Reservoir贮主(zhu)Toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhost不易受感染的宿主spaceoccupyinglesion占位性病变,Derivatives,Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-,irregularity,irresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisstatemismanage,PrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivated,un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛,none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself,非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的,ex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude,排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外,Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragement,Adj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantially,V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten,-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise),Compounds,RootsOrgansandtheirrootsliverhepato/a-lungpulmono-kidneyreno-/nephro-heartcardio-nerveneuro-,spleensplen(o)braincerebro-headcephal(o)eyeophthalm/skindermo-earoto-(otology)chestthorac/o-arteri/oarteryvasovessel,nosenaso-/nasoantritis鼻上颌窦炎throatlaryngo-Laryngitis喉炎Pharynx咽Pharyng(o)-Pharyngectomy咽切除,描述人体器官方位：Anterioranteriorbandofcolon结肠前带posteriorposteriorteeth后牙superiorsuperiorvenacava上腔静脉inferiorinferiorthyroidartery甲状腺下动脉,inter-(between)interatrial房间的intra-(inside)intracellularendo-(intra-)endocarditispoly-(many,much)polyarthritismulti-(many,much)-multicuspid多尖的hyper-(high,extra)hypertension,hypo-(low,less)hypotensionhomo-(same)homolateral同侧的homografthetero-(different)heteroantigen异种抗原dys-(not)dysplasia发育不良,dyspnea呼吸困难dysphonia发声困难counter-对抗，抑制countercurrent逆流counterbalance等衡psycho-精神/心理psychologypsychiatrypsychobiology,thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis脑脊膜脑脊髓炎,lympho-lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少radio-radionuclide-angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunosuppression,electro-electrosynthesis电合成staphylo-葡萄，悬雍垂staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术,Strepto-StreptococcusStreptomycinOsteoboneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/olumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的,Suffix:-itis(inflammation)hepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditispanarthritis多发性关节炎,-ectomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记法,-gram照片cardiogram心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope,-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌staphylococci葡萄球菌meningococcipne