小学英语语法总结

1 / 31 小学英语语法总结 小学英语语法及习题 一 :小学英语语法总结 : 小学英语语法总体上有如下四大块 : 1. 名词的单数和复数变化规则 . 2. 时态 (小学阶段有学系了四种时态 :即一般现在时 ,现在进行时 , 一般将来时 ,一般过去时 )包含 一般现在时 : 一般现在时的功能 ,构成 ,变化 (包括动词的变化和句式的变化 ) 现在进行时 : 现在进行时的概念 , 构成 , 变化 (包括动词的变化 : 动词 +ing的变化规则 ; 句式的变化 ) 一般 将来时 : 一般将来时的概念 , 构成 , 变化 (句式的变化 ) 一般过去时 : 一般过去时的功能 , 构成 , 变化 (包括动词的变化 : 动词的过去式的变化规则 , 不规则动词的过去式列表 ) 上述语法内容主要的操练方式是两种 : 1.动词的恰当方式填空 2.按要求进行句式变换 . (肯定句，否定句，疑问句之间的互相转化 ) 一、名词复数规则 2 / 31 1一般情况下，直接加 -s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以 “f 或 fe” 结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry 3 / 31 _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【 No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 +行为动词 (+其它 )。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she,it)时，要在动词4 / 31 后加 -s或 -es。如： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be 动词的变化。 否定句：主语 + be + not +其它。 如： He is not a worker.他不 是工人。 一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。 如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does构成一般疑问5 / 31 句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： How does your father go to work? 动词 +s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 -s，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如：study-studies 一般现在时 用法专练 : 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 6 / 31 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. I m staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 7 / 31 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? It s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句 ) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答 ) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 8 / 31 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句 ) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句 ) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问 ) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问 ) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句 ) 9 / 31 _ 五、改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上 ) 1. Is your brother speak English?_ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class._ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She don t do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现 在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在 be后加 not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 10 / 31 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e结尾，去 e加 ing， 如： make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 11 / 31 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . _(not ,water) the flowers now. ! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. It s 5 o clock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换： 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句 ) _ 12 / 31 _ 2 The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯 定和否定回答 ) _ _ 3 I m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问 ) _ 4 Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问 ) 四、将来时 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after 13 / 31 tomorrow等。 二、基本结构： be going to + do ； will+ do. 三、否定句：在 be动词后加 not或情态动词 will后加 not成 won t。 例如： I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或 will 提到句首， some 改为any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换。 例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1.问人。 Who 例如： I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon. 2.问干什么。 What do. 例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。 When.例如： She s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句： be going to = will 14 / 31 I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习 ： 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 15 / 31 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping. Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. I ll go and join them. I _ go _ join them. 7. I m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school. _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上 ) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow 一、名 词 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用 is或者 was；最好不要根据 some、 any、 a lot of等词去作判 16 / 31 断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变 复数形式 ： a一般情况下，直接加 -s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读 s，浊辅音和 元音后读 z。 b以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音： iz。 c以 辅音字母 +y 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音： z。 d以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再 加 -es，如：knife-knives ， thief-thieves；读音： z。 e以 o结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的 +es 读音： z 如： mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的 +s 读音： z 如： photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上 量 词17 / 31 +of 。例如： a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 判断步 骤： 如是 am、 is或 was 原形 读句子 读该单词 认识该单词 理解意思 看 be 动词 如是 are 或 were 加 s或 es 练一练： 1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _her _ watch _mango_child _ photo _ diary _day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_ sandwich _man_woman_ leaf_people_ 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 Are there two ( box ) on the table? I can see some ( people ) in the cinema. How many ( day ) are there in a week? Here re five ( bottle ) of( juice ) for you. This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there. 二、冠 词 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为 不定冠词 和 定冠词 两种。 18 / 31 1、不定冠词： a、 an。用在单数名词前，表示 一个，一件 。 an用在 以元音 音素 开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour 2、定冠词： the。用在单数或者复数名词前。 the 没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：用来表示特指某人或某事物。如： The map on the wall is new.表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如： Look at the picture, please. 表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如： This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth地球用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如： the Great Wall长城用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如： the Changjiang River长江 此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 the。如： the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 确定用 a、 an还是 the 时可根据汉语意思。 练一练： 1、用 a或 an填空。 _ U_ ice -cream_ goalkeeper _ teapot_apple _office _English book 19 / 31 _umbrella _unit_hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a， an或 the。 Who is _girl behind _tree? _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter. This is _ orange._ orange is Lucy s. He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby. We all had_good time last Sunday. She wants to be_doctor. 三， 数 词 我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表 示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有 the ；序数词前一定要有 the 。 1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上 - 。如： 21 twenty-one 2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上 and。如： 101 a/one hundred and one 3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys 4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。 如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice 5、序数词一般加 th ，特殊的有： first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 以及二十及二 十以外的整十： twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 第几20 / 31 十几 ：前面整十不变，后面 几 改为序 数词。如： 88 eighty-eighth 练一练： 1、请翻译下列短语。 60名学生 15本英语书 九杯凉水 4个孩子 12月 316月 2 日 第九周 40 年前 11+7 上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。 one- two- three- nine-fourteen-twenty- thirty-five-eighty-one 四、代 词 代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。 1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。 2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。 3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名 词是属于谁的。 4、名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词 +名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表： 练一练： 21 / 31 1、按要求写出相应人称代词。 I_ she_ we_ he_us_theirs_ its_ 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。 3、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1） That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2） The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3） Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, it s not _ . ( I ) 4） _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5） _ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6） Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7） I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8） Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ aren t here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10） _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11） Where are _? I can t find _. Let22 / 31 s call _ parents. ( they ) 12） Don t touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it ) 13） _ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14） The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she ) 五、形容词、副词 1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较 级、最高级。比较级： +er 最高级： the +est 两个重要特征： asas 中间一定用原形， than 的前面一定要 +er。 2、形容词、副词比较级的规 则变化如下： 一般直接 +er。如： tall - taller, fast - faster单音节词如果以 -e 结尾，只加 -r。如： late - later 重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如： big - bigger, fat - fatter 以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加 -er。如： heavy - heavier, early - earlier 双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加 more构成。如： beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting 有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如： good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far 23 / 31 farther/further, old older/elder 练一练： 1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。 big good long tallold shortthin heavy youngfat 最全的小学英语语法总结 1.人称代词 主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容词和副词的比较级 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后 +er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前 +more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母，再 +er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把 y变 i，再 +er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 24 / 31 3.可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story stories Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano pianos a mango mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可数名词 (单复数形式不变 ) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式 I m = I am you re = you are she s = she is he s = he is it s = it is who s =who is can t =can not isnt=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间： at six o clock, at Christmas, at 25 / 31 breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one first two-second twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 动词 (1) Basic form: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. 一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t. 11. there be 结构 肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑问句 :Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isn t. 26 / 31 Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there aren t. 否定句： There isn t . There aren t. 12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don t sit down, please. 13. 现在进行时 .通常用 now. 形式： be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词 ing 的形式 Most verbs +ing walk walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swim swimming 14 一 般 现 在 时 。 通 常用 usually, often, every day, sometimes 。 形式： 肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑问句 : Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don t. 27 / 31 Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 否定句： We don t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn t like watching TV in the evening. 15. (情态 )动词 can,must, should 后面直接 用动词原形。 eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2 You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般过去时态 be 动词的过去式 : I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were. 一般疑问句 was, were 放在句首。 动词过去式： 肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo. 一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn t. 否定句： They didn t go the the part yesterday. He didn t make model ships last week. 28 / 31 (3)动词过去式的变化： 规则动词的变化： Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。 Verbs end