电气工程专业英语课件lectu.ppt

1,各位老师：上午好！,王传江E-mail:cxjwangTELSpecializedEnglishforElectricalEngineering,2,Introduction,什么是专业英语,隶属于科技英语以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法；特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准确、精练、正式、逻辑性强。,是结合各自专业的科技英语有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。,专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。,3,Introduction,学习专业英语的重要性科研信息获取专业英语阅读能力技术情报资料专业技术文献工程设备文档资料研究成果展示专业英语写作能力产品技术说明学术论文发表申请专利国际交流合作专业英语表达、听说、应变能力,4,TeachingTasks,扩充、掌握大量的专业词汇熟悉专业英语的词汇、句法提高专业英语的阅读理解能力、翻译能力和写作能力了解常用的专业英语口语表达方式,5,Contents,阅读翻译基础知识语法特点词汇特点常用符号公式表达学术论文写作英文文献查找应用口语,6,References,电力专业英语阅读与翻译朱永强主编.2007电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林主编.2008电力英语应用口语贾根娣主编.2002电气工程及其自动化专业英语魏立明主编.2012,7,Lecture1,ReadingandTranslationBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystemPart1BasicConstructionofElectricPowerSystemElectricityisanidealenergyform,whichisconvenienttodeliveranduse,andiscleanwithoutpollutingourenvironmentandatmosphere.Thegeneration,deliveryandconsumptionofelectricityarerealizedinanintegratedsystemwhichiscalledelectricpowersystemorpowersystem.Anelectricpowersystemconsistsofthreeprincipaldivisions:powergeneration,powertransmissionsystem,andpowerdistributionsystems.,8,Lecture1,Alltheelectricitytheconsumerstakefromthepowersystemisgeneratedinapowerplant,orcalledpowerstation,ofsomekind.Powergenerationisthefirststageofthewholeprogressoftheutilizationofelectricenergy.Transmissionsystemsaretheconnectinglinksbetweenthegenerationplantsandthedistributionsystemsandleadtootherpowersystemsoverinterconnections.Adistributionsystemconnectsalltheindividualloadstothetransmissionlinesatthesubstationswhichperformvoltagetransformationandswitchingfunctions.Smallgeneratingplantslocatedneartheloadareoftenconnectedtothesubtransmissionordistributionsystemdirectly.,9,Lecture1,Interconnectiontoneighboringpowersystemsareusuallyformedatthetransmissionsystemlevel.Theoverallsystemthusconsistsofmultiplegeneratingsourcesandseverallayersoftransmissionnetworks.Thisprovidesahighdegreeofstructuralredundancythatenablesthesystemtowithstandunusualcontingencieswithoutservicedisruptiontotheconsumers.Part2TypicalTopologiesofElectricPowerSystemTheequipmentswhichformanelectricsystemarearrangeddependingonthemannerinwhichloadgrowsintheareaandmayberearrangedfromtimetotime.,10,Lecture1,However,therearecertainplansintowhichaparticularsystemdesignmaybeclassified.Threetypesareillustrated:theradialsystem,theloopsystemandthenetworksystem.Inaradialsystem,asshowninFig.1.1,thelinesforma“tree”spreadingoutfromthepowersource.Openinganylinewillresultininterruptionofpowertooneormoreoftheloads.,11,Lecture1,TheloopsystemisillustratedinFig.1.2.Withthisarrangementallloadsmaybeservedeventhoughonelinesectionisremovedfromservice.Fig.1.3showsthesameloadsbeingservedbyanetwork.Withthisarrangementeachloadhastwoormorecircuitsoverwhichitisfed.,12,Lecture1,Distributioncircuitsarecommonlydesignedsothattheymaybeclassifiedasradialorloopcircuit.Thehigh-voltagetransmissionlinesofmostpowersystemsarearrangedasnetworks.Theinterconnectionofmajorpowersystemsresultinnetworksmadeupmanylinesections.Part3CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystemThefirstcompleteelectricpowersystemwasadirectcurrent(DC)system.Thedevelopmentofalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionledtoACelectricpowersystem.TheACsystemhadwonoutovertheDCsystemforthefollowingreasons:,13,Lecture1,i)VoltagelevelscanbeeasilytransformedinACsystems,thusprovidingtheflexibilityforuseofdifferentvoltageforgeneration,transmission,andconsumption.ii)ACelectricmachinesaremuchsimplerorcheaperthanDCelectricmachines.Electricpowersystemsvaryinsizeandstructuralcomponents.However,theyallhavethesamebasiccharacteristics:i)Arecomprisedofthree-phaseACsystemsoperatingessentiallyatconstantvoltage.Generationandtransmissionfacilitiesusethree-phaseequipment.Industrialloadsareinvariablythree-phase;single-phaseresidentialandcommercialloadsaredistributedequallyamongthephasessoastoeffectivelyformabalancedthree-phasesystem.,14,Lecture1,ii)Usesynchronousmachinesforgenerationofelectricity.iii)Transmitpoweroversignificantdistancestoconsumerspreadoverawidearea.Thisrequiresatransmissionsystemcomprisingsubsystemsoperatingatdifferentvoltagelevels.,15,Lecture1,客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness),GrammarFeatures广泛使用被动语态广泛使用非谓语形式省略句使用频繁It句型和祈使句使用频繁复杂长句使用频繁后置形容词短语作定语多,16,Lecture1,电可以用数量和质量来度量。,2)Instrumenttransformersareinstalledonthehigh-voltageequipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上。,广泛使用被动语态（客观性）主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。,1)Electricitycanbemeasuredinamountandquality.,17,Lecture1,电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的。,4)Themetersarecalibratedandthescaleisdesignedtoreadthevalueofthedesiredunit.,5)Electricalenergycanbestoredintwometalplatesseparatedbyaninsulationmedium.Suchadeviceiscalledacapacitor,anditsabilitytostoreelectricalenergyistermedcapacitance.ItismeasuredinFarads.,3)Electricpowerisgeneratedinpowergeneratingstationsorplants.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。,电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。,18,Lecture1,动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,Thesignalshouldbefilteredbeforeitisamplified.,2)Anobjectbecomeshot.Itisplacedinthesun.,Oncebeingplacedinthesun,anobjectbecomeshot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,Thesignalshouldbefilteredbeforebeingamplified.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波。,广泛使用非谓语形式（精炼）非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。,19,Lecture1,3)Wemustdovariousexperimentsbeforeanewelectronicproductisdesigned.,Beforedesigninganewelectronicproductwemustdovariousexperiments.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验。,用动名词短语做主语,4)Changingresistanceisamethodforcontrollingtheflowofthecurrent.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。,5)Conductingelectricitymeanstheflowofelectronsthroughanobject.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动。,20,Lecture1,分词,Thepowersupply,whichisshowninblock-diagraminFig.1,isasingle-phaseswitch-modeinverter.,Thepowersupplyshowninblock-diagraminFig.1isasingle-phaseswitch-modeinverter.,图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态,2)Athree-phasecircuit,asitwaspointedoutabove,ismerelyacombinationofthreesingle-phasecircuits.,21,Lecture1,正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。,3)Thetransistor,whichisworkingwithcorrectlypolarities,canworkasanamplifier.,Thetransistorworkingwithcorrectlypolaritiescanworkasanamplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。,现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态,Athree-phasecircuit,aspointedoutabove,ismerelyacombinationofthreesingle-phasecircuits.,22,Lecture1,不定式,1）Thecapacityofindividualgeneratorsislargerandlargersothattheincreasingdemandofelectricpowerissatisfied.,Thecapacityofindividualgeneratorsislargerandlargertosatisfytheincreasingdemandofelectricpower.,单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,2)Whatdoesafusedo?Itprotectsacircuit.,Thefunctionofafuseistoprotectacircuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句,23,Lecture1,Ifitispossible,theopen-loopcontrolapproachshouldbeusedinthissystem.,Ifpossible,theopen-loopcontrolapproachshouldbeusedinthissystem.,2)AsillustratedinFig.1,thereisafeedbackelementintheclosed-loopsystem.,AsinFig.1,thereisafeedbackelementintheclosed-loopsystem.,就像图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,省略句使用频繁（精炼）省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。,24,Lecture1,3)Thedeviceincludesaninstrumenttransformationandarelaysystemwhichhastwocircuitsinit.,Thedeviceincludesaninstrumenttransformationandarelaysystemwithtwocircuitsinit.,这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。,其他常用的省略形式：,Ifso倘若如此Aspreviouslymentioned前已提到Whenneeded(necessary,feasible)必要时Wherefeasible在实际可行的场合Wherepossible在可能的情况下,Asalreadydiscussed前已讨论Asexplainedbefore前已解释Asdescribedabove如上所示Ifpossible(necessary)如果可能（必要）,25,Lecture1,It句型和祈使句使用频繁（准确、精炼）Itisveryimportant(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)toIttakesverymuchtimelearningItisclear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)thatIthappenedthatItmustbeadmittedthatLetAbeequaltoB.设A等于B。Considerahigh-pressurechamber.假如有一个高气压气候室。,26,Lecture1,1)Ithasbeenmentionedabovethattheelectronsinametalareabletomovefreelythroughthemetal,thattheirmotionconstitutesanelectriccurrentinthemetalandthattheyplayanimportantpartinconductionofheat.,前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地通过金属，电子