Web开发基础-基础知识.ppt

Web开发基础,赵刚,本期上课实验时间表,8-26上午1#102上课8-29下午机房2#3#实验9-2上午1#102上课9-2下午机房2#3#实验9-5上午1#102上课9-5下午机房2#3#实验9-9晚上机房2#3#实验9-12下午机房2#3#实验,essentialofwebdevelopment,2,本课程内容摘要,网站开发基础知识网站环境构建管理和配置网站HTMLGoogleJanuary1996ChineseFirstConnectionwithInternet：ChineseAcademicsNet,byComputerApplyingTechnologyInstituteofBeijing1986，Firstemail,Sep.141987,fromCATIB,“AcrosstheGreatWallwecanreacheverycornerintheworld”ChineseFirstFullInternetConnection：NCFC(NationalComputingandNetworkingFacilityofChina)1994Baidu1999；Taobao2003,essentialofwebdevelopment,9,KeyaspectsoftheInternet,Internetisforfreedomofinformationsubnetworkscanstandontheirowncomputerscandynamicallyjoinandleavethenetworkbuiltonopenstandards;anyonecancreateanewdevicelackofcentralizedcontrol(mostly)everyonecanuseitwithsimple,commonlyavailablesoftware,essentialofwebdevelopment,10,Layeredarchitecture,Theinternetusesalayeredhardware/softwarearchitecture(OSImodel):physicallayer:devicessuchascoaxialcables,fiber-opticlines,modemsdatalinklayer:basichardwareprotocols(Ethernet,Wi-Fi,DSL,ATM,PPP)network/internetlayer:basicsoftwareprotocol(IP)transportlayer:addreliabilitytonetworklayer(TCP,UDP)applicationlayer:implementsspecificcommunicationforeachkindofprogram(HTTP,POP3/IMAP,SSH,FTP),essentialofwebdevelopment,11,InternetProtocol(IP),theIPistheunderlyingsystemofcommunicationforalldata(packets)sentacrosstheinternet.eachdevicehasa32-bitIPaddressasfour8-bitnumbers(0-255)findoutyourinternetIPaddress:findoutyourlocalIPaddress:inaterminal,type:ipconfig(Windows)orifconfig(Mac/Linux)IPv4vs.IPv6(32-bvs.128-b),essentialofwebdevelopment,12,TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP),addsmultiple,guaranteedmessagedeliveryontopofIPmultiplexing:multipleprogramsusingthesameIPaddressport:anumbergiventoeachprogramorservice80:Webbrowser(443forsecurebrowsing)25:email22:ssh21:ftpmorecommonportssomeprograms(QQ,games,streamingmediaprograms)usesimplerUDPprotocolinsteadofTCPfindoutportsused:inaterminal,usingnetstat(Windows)commandusingCurrPorts,essentialofwebdevelopment,13,Webserversandbrowsers,Webserver:softwarethatlistensforWebpagerequestspartofWindows)C/SVsB/Smodel,Webbrowser:fetches/displaysdocumentsfromWebserversMicrosoftInternetExplorer(IE)MozillaFirefoxAppleSafariGoogleChromeOpera,essentialofwebdevelopment,14,DomainNameSystem(DNS),asetofserversthatmapwrittennamestoIPaddressesExample:8usingWindowscommandnslookuptofindoutIPaddressmanysystemsmaintainalocalcachecalledahostfileWindows:C:Windowssystem32driversetchostsMac:/private/etc/hostsLinux:/etc/hosts,essentialofwebdevelopment,15,UniformResourceLocator(URL),anidentifierforthelocationofadocumentonawebsiteabasicURL:http:/www.aw-protocolhostpathuponenteringthisURLintothebrowser,itwould:asktheDNSserverfortheIPaddressofwww.aw-connecttothatIPaddressatport80asktheservertoGET/info/regesstepp/index.htmldisplaytheresultingpageonthescreen,essentialofwebdevelopment,16,MoreadvancedURLs,anchor:jumpstoagivensectionofawebpage:8080/querystring:asetofparameterspassedtoawebprogram,essentialofwebdevelopment,17,HypertextTransportProtocol(HTTP),HTTPisthefoundationofdatacommunicationfortheWorldWideWeb.thesetofcommandsunderstoodbyawebserverandsentfromabrowsersomeHTTPcommands(yourbrowsersendstheseinternally):GETfilename:downloadPOSTfilename:sendawebformresponsePUTfilename:uploadDELETEfilename:removeentityHEADfilename:onlystatusinformation,notentirecontent,essentialofwebdevelopment,18,HTTPerrorcodes,whensomethinggoeswrong,thewebserverreturnsaspecialerrorcodenumbertothebrowser,possiblyfollowedbyanHTMLdocumentcommonerrorcodes:200OK301-303pagehasmoved(permanentlyortemporarily)403youareforbiddentoaccessthispage404pagenotfound500internalservererrorcompletelist,essentialofwebdevelopment,19,Terms,InternetServiceProviderenterprisesororganizationswhoprovideInternetaccesstoyou,who?pleaseidentifyyourISPsWebHostingprovideaplaceforconsumerstostorepagesdesignedtobeconsumedbytheWebsurfingpublicISPsoftenofferWebhostingservicesalongwiththeirstandardconnectivitypackages.Client/Servervs.Browser/Server,essentialofwebdevelopment,20,Web1.0vs.Web2.0,Web1.0isaboutpublishingusersarelimitedtothepassiveviewingofinformationthatisprovidedtothemWeb2.0isaboutinteractionallowsitsuserstointeractwithotherusersortochangewebsitecontentinformationsharing,interoperability,user-centereddesignandcollaborationhostedservices,webapplications,social-networkingsites,video-sharingsites,wikis,blogs,essentialofwebdevelopment,21,网站的含义,网页是网站的基本单位用标准的HTML语言将图片、文字、多媒体信息组织起来的格式文档一般意义上的网站Agroupofrelatedpages?Adedicateserver?Agroupofservers?,essentialofwebdevelopment,22,虚拟网站,多个网站可以同时运行在一个单一服务器上利用不同的端口号利用不同的ip地址利用不同的域名,essentialofwebdevelopment,23,网站访问的原理,网站中的两种角色-浏览器&服务器网站使用的协议-HTTP浏览器HTML语言解析器图片解析器声音播放器视频播放器网站的访问过程没有域名的网站有域名的网站,essentialofwebdevelopment,24,网页的类型,静态网页设计人员设计成什么样子，用户看到的就是什么样子动态网页根据访问者当时的访问环境通过服务器端程序实时生成的网页以数据库做为后台的动态网页,essentialofwebdevelopment,25,动态网站技术,Apache服务器+PHP技术WebLogic+JSP技术IIS服务器+ASP技术,essentialofwebdevelopment,26,网站环境的构建,本课程以IIS+ASP技术做为实例典型ASP网站实现方式服务器操作系统平台IIS版本5.0Vs6.0IIS5.0隔离模式工作进程隔离模式,essentialofwebdevelopment,27,IIS服务器安装演示,设置本机IP地址安装IIS检测服务器是否正常工作测试asp开发环境运行第一个ASP程序,essentialofwebdevelopment,28,IIS服务器的配置和管理,IIS服务器的启停新建立网站配置网站的基本参数配置ASP网站网页的组织方法配置ASP网站的访问方法配置ASP网站的性