Unit6翻译技巧--词类转换法.ppt

TranslationTechniques(2)ConversionofPartofSpeech,UnitSix,I.TeachingcontentsA.Convertingtoverbs（转译成动词）B.Convertingtonouns（转译成名词）C.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech（其它词类转译）II.AimsofteachingTomakestudentsskilledintranslation.III.TeachingFocusStudentsabilityindealingwiththetechniques.IV.TeachingMethodDiscussion(groupwork,thenclasswork).,Conversionofpartofspeechintranslation,在翻译过程中，如果绝对地按照原语的词性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合译语的表达习惯。这时，我们可以对原语的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的词性转换有以下几个方面。,转译成动词,1.名词转译成动词（n.-v.）英语中具有动作意义的名词，汉译时往往可转化为动词。Examples:Theywentonstrikeindemandofa40percentwageincrease.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。Heisanenemytoreform.他反对改革。Differencebetweenthesocialsystemofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。,IamafraidIcantteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。,2.介词转译成动词（prep.-v.）Examples:Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走上了这条路。Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。,3.形容词转译成动词（adj.-v.）Examples:Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseitsrightandnotjustfashionableorpoliticallycorrect.诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。Dontbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？,4.副词转译为动词（adv.-v.）Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?今晚放映什么影片？Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.那本书不久就要出版了。Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.那些年是共和党执政。Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.安装双层窗御寒。5.动名词转译成动词（gerund-v.）Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。,转译成名词,当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表达得很准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。1.动词转译为名词（v.-n.）Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.那本书没留给我什么印象。Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.这台机器的重量大约是500公斤。,Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.光照到某种物体上会弹回来，这种情况我们称之为光受到反射。（注意：如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。）Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。,2.形容词转译为名词（adj.-n.）有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形容词表达，可改用名词表达。Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.服从命令是军人的天职。ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.很多西方人都是虔诚的教徒。,其它词类转译,YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.adj.）OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.我国政府十分关心海外华侨。Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。,HeistherightmanImlookingfor.他正是我在找的人。Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumersneed.机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.你的付出和所得成正比。,Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.只要稍加修理，这台机器便可以运转。Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。,Exercisesinclass:,1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2.Thesightandthesoundofjetplanesfilledmewithlonging.3.Thestreetsaremarkedbyanabsenceofcolor.4.Weareenemiesofallwars,butaboveallofdynasticwars.5.Afterseveralblocks,hefoundanemptyparkbench.,6.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.7.Fatherpassedhishandoverhisface.8.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.9.Thegirlimpressedherboyfriendsrelativesfavorablywithhervivacityandsenseofhumor.10.Imumbledanembarrassed“no,thankyou”andthrustmymisshapenhandsintomylap.,1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2.Thesightandthesoundofjetplanesfilledmewithlonging.3.Thestreetsaremarkedbyanabsenceofcolor.,火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,看到喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。,街上明显缺乏色彩。,4.Weareenemiesofallwars,butaboveallofdynasticwars.5.Afterseveralblocks,hefoundanemptyparkbench.6.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.,我们反对一切战争，特别是王朝战争。,过了几个街区，他发现一条公园里的长凳，空着没人坐。,党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是昏暗的油灯。,7.Fatherpassedhishandoverhisface.8.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.9.Thegir