中考英语 语法精讲精炼 第10讲 非谓语动词课件.ppt

语法精讲精炼,第十讲非谓语动词,广州中考高分突破,考点1.动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式及特点动词不定式一般由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成,有的不定式不带to。不定式的否定形式是“notto(do)”。如：Heaskedmetoplaychesswithhim.他让我和他一起下棋。(带to)Isawaboygoacrosstheroadjustnow.我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)Theteachertoldmenottobelateagain.老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式),2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽然不作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。(1)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语的情况比较多,但是一般情况下,不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+todosth.结构)的动词有：begin(开始)care(愿意)ask(要求)hope(希望)learn(学会)expect(期望)want(想要)wish(希望),forget(忘记)like(喜欢)decide(决定)try(尝试)continue(继续)prefer(比较喜欢)pretend(假装)等。如：Ihopetoseethefamousscientist.(tosee做hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有：ready(准备好),anxious(急于),able(能够),sure(一定),glad(高兴),sorry(难过),afraid(害怕),pleased(高兴),willing(愿意)等。如：Imgladtomeetyou.(tomeet做glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。,不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。例如：whentodo(什么时候做)；howtodo(怎样做)；whattodo(做什么)；whytodo(为什么做)；wheretodo(在哪儿做)；whichtodo(做哪一个)等等。如：Idontknowwhattobuyformymother.(whattobuy做know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。,(2)不定式用作宾语补足语不定式用作宾语补足语,也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb.+todosth.结构)的动词有：ask(请),force(强迫),allow(允许),expect(期望,盼望),invite(邀请),want(要),tell(告诉),advise(建议),help(帮助),persuade(说服),permit(准许)等。如：JoanaskedMarytospeakfirst.(Mary在句中作宾语,tospeak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说。,(3)不定式作状语和定语不定式作状语,修饰动词,用于表示行为的目的、结果或原因等,一般放在动词后面。如：WeranovertowelcomethenewfriendsfromtheUSA.(towelcome作目的状语)我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。不定式作定语,放在它所修饰的名词后面,不定式和它所修饰的名词有“动宾关系”。如：Theteacherassignedustwoexercisestodoathome.(todo作定语修饰exercise)老师给我们留了两道在家做的练习。,(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语,将真正主语置后)Tolearnmathsisveryimportant.=Itisveryimportanttolearnmaths.学数学很重要。3.省to的不定式使役动词和感官动词,后带宾语,再接不定式作宾补时,主动语态时不定式要省to,被动语态时要补to。常考的有：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事letsb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb.dosth.使某人做某事,watchsb.do(doing)sth.注视某人(正在)做某事noticesb.do(doing)sth.注意某人(正在)做某事seesb.do(doing)sth.看见某人(正在)做某事hearsb.do(doing)sth.听见某人(正在)做某事如：Ioftenseehimrunontheroad.(省略to)我经常看见他在马路上跑步。4.不带to的常用句型Whydontyoudosth.?为什么不做某事？Whynotdosth.?为什么不做某事？Would(Could)youpleasedosth.？请你做某事，好吗？,考点2.动名词1.动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形加ing”构成,形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：Nosmokinghere.这里禁止吸烟。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语,组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语。如：Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。(作宾语),Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting.出国旅行会是很激动人心的。(作主语)Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。(作表语)2.常见的可接动名词的动词短语有：insiston(坚持)thinkof(想到)dreamof(梦想)objectto(反对)hearof(听说)lookforwardto(期望)feellike(想要)devote.to(致力于),get/beusedto(习惯于)befondof(喜欢)beafraidof(害怕)betiredof(厌烦)succeedin(成功)stop.from(阻止做)keep.from(阻止)prevent.from(阻止做)dependon(依靠)spend.in(在花费)beinterestedin(对感兴趣)beproudof(以为骄傲/自豪),语法选择(非谓语动词),Threesmallfishlivedinthesea.Whentheywereveryyoung,theirparentsdied.Theyhad_eachotherdayafterday.Finally,theygrewupanddared_deeperandfurther.Onemorning，thethreefishweretakentoashallow(浅)waterbyabigwave(浪).Asmallboatwastakenthere,too.Itwashardforthefish_backtheseabecausetheboatwasfightinfrontofthem.Thelargestfish,1,2,3,realizedthattheywereindangerandsaidtheyhadtofindaway_thereasfastaspossible.Thesecondlargestfishagreed_backtotheseawithhiselderbrother,buttheyoungestonedidnot.Hesaidthattherewasmuchwaterfortheiractivities,sohewouldnot_atallandstillswamaroundhappily.Atlast,thelargestfishreturnedtotheseaby_overthelowestpartoftheboat.Thesecondlargestfishalsosucceededin_hiselderbrotherintheothersideofwater.Buttheyoungestonedidnt_themandstillswamjoyfully.,4,5,6,7,8,9,Twohourslater,whenthesunroseup,thewaterinthesmallshallowcornerdriedup.Thefishwhodidnottry_totheseadiedoflack(缺乏)ofwater.()1.A.lookafterB.tolookafterC.lookingafterD.tolookingafter()2.A.swimB.toswimC.swimmingD.toswimming()3.A.goB.goingC.wentD.togo()4.A.leaveB.leftC.toleaveD.leaving,B,B,D,C,10,()5.A.goB.togoC.goingD.togoing()6.A.worryB.worryingC.toworry