《情态动词补差》PPT课件.ppt

,情态动词modalverbs,1.-IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海高考题）A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.-Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.(2002北京高考题）-It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.wontbeC.couldntbeD.mustntbe,请把下列词语组合成句:,1._,(play,interesting,must,be,new,the)forthedirectorissofamous.2.Seehowhappyheistoday!_.(failed,he,cant,in,the,have,exam)3.Peterisntintheclassroom._.(may,playing,he,with,be,his,basketball,friends),Thenewplaymustbeinteresting,Hecanthavefailedintheexam,Hemaybeplayingbasketballwithhisfriends,1.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,musthavebeenlooking,5.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.7.Mike_hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,may(might)havebeenhurt,may(might)havegone,canthavefound,考纲解读,每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对情态动词和虚拟语气的测试。试题的特征不会有显著变化，即：立意仍将不偏不怪，情景仍将逼近真实，设问角度仍将综合化和细微化。情态动词重点情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。,返回目录,知识要点,情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和动词原形构成谓语。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。,返回目录,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗？Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).,情态动词的位置,情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们!,情态动词的特点,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。Wecantcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。ImsorryIcanthelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。,must,can/could,may/might的用法,must,1.must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。,e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。,Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer.,你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧,Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.,must,can/could,may/might的用法,注意：must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.,2.must+bedoing/do表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测,e.g.他现在一定在看小说.,Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.,他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱.,Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.,3.must+havedone表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。,Theyareplayingbasketball,theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.,对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用cant和can。e.g.Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecanttellalie.*must-should/oughttomay-might/could+do可能性依次减弱,(对过去情况推测：mustmay,might)+完成时。e.g.Youmusthavemethimbefore.mustmaymight可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用cant/couldnt和can/could。e.g.Could/Canithavehappenedlastnight?Itcouldnt/canthavehappenedlastnight.,Hemustbereading,isnthe?Youmustdoityourself,dontyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasnthe?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didntit?,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,must和haveto,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或donthaveto，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”,e.g.MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.,Youmustntgetoffwhilethecarisstillmoving.,e.g.IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,haveto,haveto表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”e.g.Ihavetogetthestationearlytocatchthefirsttrain.Wemissedthebussowehadtowalkhome.Wehavetoovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.,haveto有多种时态。常见的有:一般将来时Wewillhavetogatherattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.一般现在时Ihavetotakemoremoneywithmebecausemywifehassomuchtobuy.一般过去时Finally,wehadtogiveupourideatoholdapicnicoutsideasitrainedforawholeafternoon.,haveto（考点）,Musttheydo?Yes,theymust.No,theyneednt/donthaveto.,must&haveto,can,could和beableto的用法,e.g.Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.,1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人,can,could和beableto的用法,e.g.Wellbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaventbeenabletoseethefilm.,2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,e.g.HewasabletoescapefromEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.,表示过去的能力,can/could,1.can/could表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。,e.g.Itssolate.CanTombereading?,CanitbeMr.Green?,这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。,ItcantbeMary.Shehasfallenill.,她不可能在说谎。,Shecouldntbetellinglies.,在疑问句中could比can更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。e.g.Canyouwaitamomentplease?Liz,canyoudomeafavor?Excuseme,couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.(请求),2.can/couldhavedone对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,Isawhimjustnowsohecouldnthavegoneabroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,Thedoorwaslocked.,Shecouldnthavebeenathome.,3.can/couldhavedone“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断.,e.g.你本来可以考的更好。,Youcouldhavehadabettermark.,may/might,1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。,e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。,Theymaycomeheretomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,Theymaybestillwaitingforus.,2.might可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,e.g.他也许在做功课吧。,Hemightbedoinghishomeworknow.,我问他我是否可以离开。,IaskedhimifImightleave.,Iaskedhim“MayIleavenow?”,3.might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。,e.g.他可能去医务室了。,Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.,4）may表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。MayIopenthedoor?Wemaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.5）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveanicetrip!,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来对现在对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,Will/Wouldyoudo?(表请求would更委婉)表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”usedto表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”usedto可于状态动词连用would不可以e.g.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.(),will/would,shall/should,1.shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。e.g.1)Youshallgowithme.(命令)2)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。e.g.4)Shallwebeginourclass?（征求意见）5)WhenshallMikebeabletoleavehospital?(请示),3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。6)“Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall,用于表达合理推断。e.g.Itisthreeoclock,thefootballgameshouldbeginnow.Marytookdancinglessonsforyears,sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.,2.should的用法,2.should的用法,注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。Icantbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.,e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.,3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。,e.g.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldnthaveleftwithoutsayingaword.,4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”oughtto的语气更强烈.,need/darea.need表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句,neednthavedone“本不必做”b.dare表敢,常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。c.dare与need用做实意动词时有时态，人称和数的变化,但dare用于否定句和疑问句时常接不带to的不定式,need后要接带to的不定式。,NeedIdo?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.,dare&need,情态动词考题:,1.-Didthetrainarriveintime?-No.It_twohoursago.A.musthavearrivedB.oughttohavearrivedC.mustarriveD.oughttoarrive2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt,B,C,3.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended,B,4.You_suchalongcomposi