《非谓语动词讲解》PPT课件.ppt

非谓语动词考点总结,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,一、不定式,不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。,不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略,1.不定式作主语,Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither,2.不定式作宾语,Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,1.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.AlikingBtobelikeCtolikeDtobeliking,2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard,3.不定式作表语,Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质,HeistomarryRose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.,5.不定式作宾语补足语,Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.,see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have,Myadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake,6.不定式作目的状语,Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.,相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.,1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastobereceiving,3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindoutBFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have,7.不定式作结果状语,常用enoughto，sufficient充足to，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.,1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound,8.不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.,9.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft,10.不定式的省略现象,不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.,1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken,11.不定式后动词的省略,动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that,句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).,1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdontlaughatD.notlaughat4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at,6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,二、动名词,充当成分:主语宾语表语定语,1.动名词作主语,Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.Itsnousewaitinghere.,2.动名词作表语,Thenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.,3.动名词作宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?,下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.,4.动名词作定语,动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系.readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstickrunningwaterdevelopingcountry,IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Icantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.,5.动名词的时态和语态,1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,练习,3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost,三、分词,现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.,（一）现在分词,1.现在分词作状语,现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。,V-ing形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.,Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidntgotoschool.,Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）,Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.,Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.,Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）,解析,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.,=Thoughitweighes,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted,2Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking3Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavingcaused,4_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated,2.现在分词作定语,1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung,2ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt,（二）过去分词,1.过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。,分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.,Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.,b、表示条件,Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.,Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.,Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.,Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.,Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.,Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.,1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,2.过去分词作定语,1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,3.分词作宾补,1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.,如:,1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained,非谓语动词的其他考点:,1.主语一致,1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists,2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings,2.with的复合结构,with+名词+,doingtododone,1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure,非谓语动词练习,Canyousparemesometime?Imafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_.doingwithB.todoforC.todealD.todealwithIcantunderstand_atthatpoorchild.youtolaughB.youlaughingC.youlaughD.whylaugh,Dontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known_tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.02A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed,Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.03thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken,_moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.03A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving,Thedaywelookedforwardto_.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded,Shesetoutsoonafterdark,homeanhourlater.AarrivingBtoarriveChavingarrivedDandarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere_morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.AisBbeingChavebeenDtobe,_intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_,istruerthananyother.A.oncegainedB.whentogainC.aftergainedD.whilegaining,Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.havingbeenwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added,Thebell_theendoftheclassrang,_ourheateddiscussion.01indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andleftheroff.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing,Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedYouwerebraveenou