何兆熊综合英语第三册unit课件.ppt

Unit3,OutofStep,TheAuthor:BillBryson（1951-）,Awell-knownAmericantravelwriterandhumorist,BillBrysoncantdecidewheretolive-England,Australia,Iowa,NewHampshire-itsreallyatoughdecision.But,ashepointsoutinhisbook,ImAStrangerHereMyself,nomatterwhereBillis,Billsastranger.MichaelFeldman,abouttheauthor,BillBrysonwasborninIowain1951.Heisabest-sellingAmericanauthorofhumorousbooksontravel.Abackpackingexpeditionin1973broughthimtoEngland,wherehemethiswifeanddecidedtosettle.HewrotefortheEnglishnewspapersThetimesandTheindependentformanyyears,writingtravelarticlestosupplementhisincome.,HelivedwithhisfamilyinNorthYorkshirebeforemovingbacktothestatesin1995,toHanover,NewHampshire,withhiswifeandfourchildren.In2003,heandhisfamilymovedbacktoEngland,wheretheycurrentlyreside.,Culturalnote-theU.S.,area;ideallivingenvironment;time-consciousness;travel1)USA,acountryofvastterritory:9,375,720sq.kmover314millionpeople,2)IdeallivingenvironmentformanyAmericans:toescapebothisolationandcrowds.Peoplehaveflockedtothesuburbs.Thereisnothingbutcarthatcanmakeitpossibleforthemtomovearoundeasilylivinginsuburbs.,3).Foracountrythatmovesgenerallyaccordingtoschedules,beingpunctualishighlyvalued.,4)peopleregardtravelasanindispensablepartoftheirlife;peoplevaluefreedommorethananythingelse.,“IfyouareanAmerican,youtravelasmuchasyoucan;ifyouareanAmerican,youtravelinyourowncar.”ItisnotuncommonatallforAmericanpeopletodrivefor5ormorehourstohavelunchordinnerwithafriendandthendrivebackfortheirfavoriteNBAgamesathome.ZhouPingfromherpersonalexperience,“Ihaventtakenthetrainfornearly20years.NoreasonwhyIshouldnow.”Iusedtohearpeoplesay.Indeed,formanypeoplelivingfarawayfromthetrainstation,caristheonlyvehiclethattakesthemfromplacetoplace.Besides,itismuchcheaperandquickertomovearoundbydrivingacarthantakingthetrain.Thatiswhymoreconsiderationsaregiventodriversthantopedestrianswhosevoiceishardlyaudible.,NewEngland-thebirthplaceofAmerica-isfilledwithrichhistory,culturalattractions,fascinatingcities,scenicvillages,andoutdooradventuresateveryturn.,NewEnglandNewHampshireDartmouthCollegeMainStreetResidentialNeighborhoodRoseyJekesCafCappuccinoNuggettheatreMurphysontheGreenGivearide,NewEngland,NewEnglandisaregioninthenortheasterncorneroftheUnitedStatesconsistingofthesixstatesofMaine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.,HistoryofNewEngland,NewEnglandisoneofthemosthistoricandculturallyrichregionsoftheUSA.TheregionwasoneoftheearliestEnglishsettlementsinthe“NewWorld”followingthearrivalofthePilgrimFathers,whosetsailfromEnglandaboardtheMayflowerin1620insearchofreligiousfreedom.TheyandtheirdescendantsarecalledYankees.,TheregionwasthesceneofthefirstIndustrialRevolutionintheUnitedStates.NewEngland(andVirginia)ledthewaytotheAmericanRevolution,Bythe1840sitwasthecenteroftheU.S.anti-slaverymovement,andwastheleadingforceinAmericanliteratureandhighereducation.,DartmouthCollege:oneofthebestartcollegesintheworld.LocatedontheConnecticutRiverandsurroundedbytheWhiteMountains,itoffersthemostbeautifulnaturalsceneryintheIvyLeague.,MainStreetInsmalltownsintheUnitedStates,thestreetwheremostofthestoresareisoftencalledMainStreet.(美国小城镇的)主街,Residentialneighborhood居民区curbN-COUNTThecurbistheraisededgeofasidewalkwhichseparatesitfromtheroad.路边,pullup1.PHRASALVERBWhenavehicleordriverpullsup,thevehicleslowsdownandstops.慢慢停下例：Thecabpulledupandthedriverjumpedout.出租车慢慢停了下来，司机跳下了车。,NewHampshire,新罕布什尔州的格言是：“不自由，毋宁死”。Livefreeordie.。,Doyouneed/wantaride?Givesomeonearide,Hitchhiking,小说主人公及其伙伴沿途搭车或开车，几次横越美国大陆，最终到了墨西哥。OnTheRoadisbasedonthetravelsofKerouacandhisfriendsacrossAmerica.ItisconsideredadefiningworkofthepostwarBeatGenerationwithitsprotagonistslivinglifeagainstabackdropofjazz,poetry,anddruguse.,什么是搭车？搭便车是在路上乘陌生人的顺路的车来完成一段的路程。路程可能只是几公里也可能是几百公里，看车主一起顺路多远。搭车一般是不付钱的。,欧美的搭车文化搭车自从汽车的诞生到60、70年代的欧美是非常普遍的一种交通方式。同时当代著名的小说在路上描写的几个年轻人横跨北美的故事也给无数的欧美人心中流下了很深的印象-对他们来说搭车有着浓浓的自由浪漫的精神。至今在欧美每年有数万人都用搭车做成他们的交通方式。对他们来说搭车还是一种自由探险的旅行方式。,Atypicalhitchhikinggesture,warm-up,1.Whichnationissaidtobeanationonthewheel?2.CarsareenteringordinaryChinesefamilies.Ifyouhaveacar,whendoyouprefertowalk,andwhentodrive?DoyouthinkCarswillbeaspredominantinChinaastheyareintheUnitedStates.WhyorWhynot?,3.Ifyou/yourparentswon200,000RMBinlottery,willyousuggestbuyingacar,whyorwhynot?4.Inmodernsociety,itseemsthatpeoplearelosingsometraditionalwaysofliving,whatarethey?,Whatinformationcanyoulearnfromthetitle?outoffashionnolongerwalk,textanalysis,“OutofStep”isanexpositionthatpresentstheabsurdityoftheAmericansdependenceoncars.TheAmericans,beingsoaccustomedtousingcars,havealmostforgottentheexistenceoftheirlegs.Wherevertheygo,theygointheircars.Asaresult,pedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedincityplanningorrejectedbytheinhabitants.,textunderstanding,1.Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthorshabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?oddslightlyguiltyifnotgivinghimaride,2.Whydothepeopleconsiderhispreferenceforwalkingattimesabiteccentric?,3.TowhatextenthavetheAmericanpeoplecometodependoncars?,4.WhatistheproblemwiththeurbanplanningofAmericancities?WhatdoesthathavetodowiththedependenceoftheAmericanpeopleoncars?,5.Whatdoyouthinkmakestheauthorsadattheendofthepassage?,6.DidtheauthorwriteoutanysolutiontotheproblemthatAmericanpeoplerelytoomuchoncars?NoSoundthesiren,TextComprehension,Decidewhichbeststatestheauthorspurposeofwriting.PointingoutthefactthatAmericanswalktoolittletoday.B.Introducinganalternativetocar-drivingasameansoftransportforanaverageAmerican.C.ComplainingaboutinconveniencetrafficconditionsforpedestriansinAmerica.,StructuralAnalysis,PartI(para.16)Introductionoftheideawithananecdote.PartII(para.713)PresentationofthefactthattheAmericansarehabituatedtousingcarsforeverything.PartIII(para.1420)Explanationofthefactthatpedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedordiscarded.,PartI(para.16),Whatkindoftownisit?Whatisconsideredtheauthors“eccentricbehavior”?Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthorshabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?Whywoulddrivers“departreluctantly,evenguiltily”whentheirofferwasdeclined?,sedatea.quietespeciallyinawaythatlacksexcitement宁静的asedatecountrytownThefightagainstanuclearpowerstationsitehastransformedanormallysedatetownintoabattlefield.calm,seriousandformal庄重的，严肃的，不苟言笑的Sheisasedateoldlady;sheiscaringbutnevertalksmuch.,compact(a):smallandeasytocarryacompactcamerausingasmallamountofspaceThekitchenwascompactbutwellequipped.antonym:,venerablevenerablethingsorpeopledeserverespectbecausetheyareold,important,wiseetc值得敬重的，受敬佩的avenerablescholarthevenerableruinsoftheabbeyRespectable;respectful;respective,debonairfashionableandconfident,carefree(usuofmen)Hestrolledabout,lookingverydebonairinhiselegantnewsuit.,cappuccino；atypeofcoffeemadewithhotfrothymilkandsometimeswithchocolatepowderonthetop,Cappuccino此字的历史圣芳济教会(Capuchin)的修士都穿著褐色道袍，头戴一顶尖尖帽子，圣芳济教会传到意大利时，当地人觉得修士服饰很特殊，就给他们取个Cappuccino的名字，此字的意大利文是指僧侣所穿宽松长袍和小尖帽，源自意大利文头巾即Cappuccio。然而，老意爱喝咖啡，发觉浓缩咖啡、牛奶和奶泡混合后，颜色就像是修士所穿的深褐色道袍，于是灵机一动，就给牛奶加咖啡又有尖尖奶泡的饮料，取名为卡布奇诺(Cappuccino)。直到一九九0年以后，才成为世人耳熟能详的咖啡饮料。应该可以这么说Cappuccino咖啡这个字，源自圣芳济教会(Capuchin)和意大利文头巾(Cappucio).,eccentric(adj)ofpeople/behaviorunusual,peculiar,notconventionalaneccentricladyTheoldgentleman,wholivedaloneallhislife,wassaidtohavesomeeccentrichabits.Mostpeopleconsideredhimaharmlesseccentric.eccentricity(n)eccentricityofstyle,clothing,mannersOneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofonit.eccentrically,strolltowalksomewhereinaslowrelaxedway,curbpreventsthfromgettingoutofcontrol防止.失控；约束curbonesfeelings/angercurbspendingplace/putacurbon.,Poornutritioncancurbachildsdevelopmentbothphysicallyandmentally.Therewillbecurbsondrunk-drivingfromnextmonth.,paraphrase,apleasant,sedateandcompacttownaleafyresidentialneighborhoodIwouldntdreamofgoingtoanyoftheseplacesbycar.Peoplehavegottenusedtomyeccentricbehavior.Theywoulddepartreluctantly,evenguiltilyasifleavingthesceneofanaccidentwithoutgivingtheirname.,PartII(para.713),Whatisthemainideaofthepart?HowimportantisthecartoaverageAmericans?Howdoestheauthorsupportthisideainthispart?,para7habituate:Bytheendoftheschoolterm,thestudentshadbeenhabituated/accustomed/usedtorisingatfiveoclock.,Para8Contortion1countableatwistedpositionormovementthatlookssurprisingorstrange:Icouldnotforcemybodyintothecontortionsrequiredbyclassicalballet.facialcontortions2uncountablewhensomethingistwistedsothatitdoesnothaveitsnormalshape:involuntarymusclecontortion3countablesomethingdifficultyouhavetodoinordertoachievesomething:HewentthroughaseriesofamazingcontortionstogetKarenaworkpermit.,Contortimpliesviolentchangethatproducesunnaturalorgrotesqueeffects:afacecontortedwithrage;Twistappliestodistortionofformormeaning:amouthtwistedwithpain.HeaccusedmeoftwistinghiswordstomeanwhatIwantedthemto.Thereporterdistortedthefacts.,Deformreferstochangethatdisfiguresandoftenimpliesthelossofdesirablequalitiessuchasbeauty:Greaterosiondeformedthelandscape.Warpcanrefertoaturningortwistingfromaflatorstraightform.Italsocanimplythebendingorturningofsomethingfromatruecourseordirection:floorboardsthathadwarpedovertheyears.,Para9,Thethingis:Whatmatters;Whatisimportantise.g.Thethingisnottointerrupthimwhilehestalking.要紧的是,extravagant:Shesvery_shespendsallhermoneyonclothes.(frugal,economical,thrifty,extravagant)Ihadafrugalmealofbreadandcheeselastnight.Theylivedaveryfrugalexistence,avoidingallluxuries.Asfarasoilenergyisconcerned,wecannotbetoofrugal.,Hermotherisathriftyhousewife.Mr.Thompsonissothriftythatheisabletosavemorethanhalfofhisweeklysalary.Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoney-box.Sheisaneconomicalhousekeeperandfeedsherfamilycheaply.,Shehasbeenlongingforaluxuriouslife.Shesgotveryextravaganttastes.,Para10acquaintanceaspeakingacquaintanceHeisnotafriendofmine,onlyanacquaintance.Iamnotacquaintedwithchemicalterms.maketheacquaintanceofsb结识某人,Para11-13confess；LesconfessionsSheconfessedtoherhusbandthatshehadsoldherweddingring.Heconfessedtosleeping/havingsleptthroughmostofthefilm.+(that)Ihavetoconfess(that)whenIfirstmetIanIdidntthinkhewasverybright.Ifounditallveryconfusing,Imustconfess.confessonessins,deficient:AdietdeficientinvitaminDmaycausethediseaserickets.notgoodenoughHistheoryisdeficientinseveralrespects.Pregnantwomenoftensufferfromirondeficiency.,proficient:skilledandexperiencedaproficientswimmerShesproficientintwolanguages.Ificiency:Itsaidinthejobadtheywantedproficiencyinatleasttwolanguages.,Inthisregard:,paraphrase,becomesohabituatedtousingthecarthatitdoesntoccurtoustounfurlourlegsandseewhatthoselowerlimbscando.WewillgothroughthemostextraordinarycontortionstoAndthethingis,thismanlookedreallyfit.jogsextravagantdistanceShelookedatmeasifIweretragicallysimple-minded.andIcanadjustitfordegreeofdifficultyIconfessithadneveroccurredtomehowthoughtlesslydeficientnatureisinthisregard.,PartIII(para.1420),Whydidtheauthorsay“Actually,Imsurpriseditwasthatmuch”?WhydidLaconiachangeitsdowntownpedestrianmalltoonewithparkinglots?,Bring/drivesthhometosb:tomakesbrealizesthTheeditorialbroughthometomethatthegovernmentdidspendsomemoneyonthepedestrianfacilitiesthoughverylittle.TheprofessordrovehometothestudentsthattheyhavetofinishthewritingassignmentbyFriday.,pedestrianSkipskiplunchskipschool/classskipthefirstchapterskipayear/gradeSkippingrope/jumpropeIsuggestweskipoverthedetailsandgettothepoint.,ridiculous(adj)Whataridiculoussuggestion!Thatsridiculous!Thatfatwomanlookedridiculousinhertightgoldendress.DoIlookridiculousinthishat?Hehasbecomeanobjectofridicule.(n)Thosewhoridiculeotherswillbepunishedinreturn.(v),exasperating:annoying;displeasingItssoexasperatingwhenhewontlistentoawordthatisay.exasperated:annoyedHesbecomeincreasinglyexasperatedwiththesituation.,entertainanidea/hope/thoughtetctoconsideranideaetc,orallowyourselftothinkthatsomethingmighthappenorbetrue:Shecouldneverentertaintheideaoflivinginthecountry.,paraphrase,Accordingtoaconcernedandfaintlyhorrified1997editorialActually,Imsurpriseditwasthatmuch.IhadthisbroughthometomeonesummerwhenIrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.woetoanyonewhotriestomakeus,Iwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.(p.17)Iwasveryprobablytheonlypersonwhohadeverattemptedtocrossthatintersectiononfoot.,Discussion,Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?Howdoestheauthorachievethiseffect?self-debasementinahumorousmannere.gsatireonpeoplesridiculouscontradictioninacts.e.g,Howdidtheauthordevelophisideas?bymeansofexamplesthemanheobservedoutsidethepostofficehisconversationwithanacquaintanceofhiswhowoulddrivehimtothegymhisownefforttowalkacrossthestreetthecommercialfailureofthepedestianmallinLaconia,Writingtechniqueinpara7.8,Topicexamples,Discussion,ShouldprivatecarsbeencouragedinChina?,Recommendedreadingsandmovies,OntheRoadThedisappearedyear(我睡了81个人的沙发)记述了24岁的台湾女生连美恩，穿着最破的大衣，借无数人家里的沙发作为落脚点，在欧洲流浪14个月的经历，即所谓当沙发客（couchsurfing）在欧洲游玩的见闻点滴。,1.Myfriendlikesto_aroundthefleamarketonthechanceofpickingupsomethingofvalue.2.Ihavesome_withEn