化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》.ppt

化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流WritingChemistryPapersinEnglishandInternationalAcademicCommunications,主讲：黄少铭教授温州大学化学与工程学院,课程的目的和意义(Purpose（2）同一期刊由于被收录的数据库不同,数据统计的结果也会明显不同;（3）“被引用的总次数”是“正引”(肯定所引结果)还是“负引”(否定所引结果)、（4）是他引还是自引,在做统计时如果不加以区别,影响因子的高低并不能绝对全面反映科技期刊学术质量的高低。,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,TopJournalsNATURE28.7SCIENCE26.4CHEMREV22.8NatureMater.19.8NatureNanootech.14.9ACCOUNTSCHEMRES13.1CHEMSOCREV13.1NATMATER13.5NANOLETT9.6ADVMATER8.2MRSBULL5.2NANOTECHNOLOGY3.3ANGEWCHEMINTEDIT10JAMCHEMSOC7.9CHEMCOMMUN4.0ADVFUNCTMATER5.7PHYSREVLETT6.9APPLPHYSLETT4.1,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,Small6.4ORGLETT4.2JORGCHEM3.5ANALCHEM5.5MACROMOLECULES3.8JPHYSCHEMB4.0JCATAL4.1CHEM-EURJ4.5LANGMUIR3.3JCHEMPHYS3.1CARBON3.3JPHYSCHEMA2.6CHEMMATER4.1JMATERCHEM2.7JMATERRES1.9CHEMPHYSLETT2.4THINSOLIDFILMS1.6JAMCERAMSOC1.7,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,据“ISI2006年度期刊引用报告（JCR）”统计，被SCI收录的中国与化学有关的主要期刊及影响因子：化学学报0.895中国科学（B）0.817中国化学0.768高等学校化学学报0.764有机化学0.74结构化学0.734科学通报0.683无机化学学报0.60自然科学进展0.485物理化学学报0.407高分子学报0.431分析化学0.412高分子科学（英文）催化学报中国稀土学报0.305中国化学快报0.305,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,第二章：化学论文的英语的写作2.1化学论文写作的一般原则(generalrules)(1)scientificimportanceSCI(ScientificCitationIndex)ImpactFactor(2)creativeness:point(3)accuracy(4)repeatable,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,Beforeexperiment,Literaturereview,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,Experimentation,Thinkingwhiledoing,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,22化学论文的种类、结构和格式2.2.1化学论文的种类(1)ResearchPaper（originalresearchpaper）Letters(快报）：NanoLetters，OrganicLetters,AppliedPhysicalLetters(APL),ChemicalPhysicsLetter(CPL),PhysicalReviewLetters(PRL)etc.Communication（通讯）:ChemicalCommunication(Chem.Comm.),Letters:aremeantforpublicationofimportantnewresultsinconciseform.,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,ShortNotes:completeandconciseaccountofarestrictedareaofworkFullPaper:complete,authoritative,andscientificallysoundaccountsofworkwhicharepresentedclearlyandconcisely.(2)ReviewArticles(评论性文章）arecommissionedbytheEditorsontheadviceoftheEditorialAdvisoryBoard.,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,2.2.2化学论文的常见结构和格式StructureandformatofachemistrypaperTitle+subtitle(论文题名+副标题)Authors+correspondenceaddress(作者姓名+通讯地址)Abstract+Keyword(摘要+关键词)Introduction(引言)Experimental(实验)Results5,Template-FreeDirectionalGrowthofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesona-andr-PlaneSapphireSongHan,XiaoleiLiu,andChongwuZhou*DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringsElectrophysics,UniVersityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,California90089,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,however,itremainsdifficulttoproduceplanarnanotubearraysoverlargeareaswithsufficientlyhighdensityandorder.Iijimaetal.studiedthegrowthofSWNTsusingiron-film-coatedsapphiresubstrates,butnoorientationcontroland,hence,noorderednanotubearrayswereobserved.6Recently,alignednanotubeshavebeenshowntogrowalongthestepedgesonmiscutc-planesapphiresubstrates;7however,thereiscurrentlyalackofcontroloverthemiscutangle,thusresultinginsignificantvariationsintheas-grownnanotubeorientationanddensity.Wereportasurprisingdiscoveryofhighthroughputgrowthofhighlyalignedsingle-walledcarbonnanotubearraysona-planeandr-planesapphiresubstrateswithnegligiblemiscutwithouttheapparentinvolvementofstepedges.Incontrast,randomorientationswereobservedfornanotubesgrownonm-planeandc-planesapphirewithnegligiblemiscut.Ourresultsclearlyrevealtheimportanceofthesapphiresubstratecrystallographyandprovideaviablewaytoobtainalignednanotubearrays.,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,VersatileSynthesisofIndividualSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesfromNickelNanoparticlesfortheStudyofTheirPhysicalProperties,IntroductionCarbonnanotubes(CNTs)haveattractedagreatdealofinterestinthefieldoffundamentalphysicsatthesinglemoleculelevelandbecauseoftheirtremendouspotentialforfuturetechnologicalapplications.1BecausethepropertiesofCNTsingeneralstronglydependontheirstructuralcharacteristics(e.g.,diameter,chirality,length),thecontrolandcharacterizationoftheseparametersisofmajorinterestwhentheirphysicalpropertiesarestudied.2Amongtheproductionmethods,chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)offerscertainadvantagesintermsoflarge-scaleproduction,lowreactiontemperature,andcontrollablefabrication.3,4Furthermore,directCVDgrowthoversupportedcatalystsallowstheproductionofisolatedindividualsingle-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs),5,6whereasnanotubesfabricatedbyarcdischarge7,8orlaserablation9,10areproducedasbundles.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenseveralreportsindicatingthatcontrollingthesizeofthecatalystparticleallowsthecontrolofCNTdiameter.11-19However,whetherthesizeofthecatalystparticleisakeyfactorforSWNTsgrowthisstilldebated.20-26,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,OneofthemostlyusedstrategiesforCVDgrowthofnanotubesconsistsofthepreparationofcatalystparticlesby“wet”processesandintheirdepositionontoasubstrate.Incontrasttoironoriron-alloyparticles,noreporthasbeendealingwiththeuseofchemicallysynthesizednickelnanoparticlesasSWNTprecursorsinasupported-catalystCVDprocess.5,17,27-29ItcanbeimportanttodiversifyCNTprecursors,assomeofthem(likeiron)arenotoriouscontaminantstosilicon-baseddevices.Here,wedemonstratetheabilitytogrowisolatedsinglewalledcarbonnanotubeswitharelativenarrowdiameterdistributionfromdiscretenickelnanoparticleswitharelativelybroadsizedistributionbycatalyst-supportedthermalCVD.Byvaryingthesynthesisparametersweareabletoproduceawiderangeofnanotubesampleswithcontrolledcharacteristics:smallorlargediameterSWNTs,withanarroworbroaddiameterdistribution,amixofSWNTsandmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes(MWNTs)andevenultralongSWNTs.Also,theroleofthecatalystnanoparticlesinnanotubegrowthwillbediscussed.Finally,weillustratethepotentialitiesofsuchaversatilenanotubesynthesiswithtwoshortpre-studiesofmechanicalandvibrationalpropertiesatthesinglenanotubelevel.,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,NoncovalentFunctionalizationofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubeswithWater-SolublePorphyrinsJinyuChenandC.PatrickCollier*DiVisionofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,Pasadena,California91125,IntroductionTheuniquestructural,mechanicalandelectronicpropertiesofsinglewalledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)havemadethesepromisingmaterialsfordevicefabrication.1-14ToeffectivelyutilizeSWNTsasbuildingblocksfornanotechnology,nanotubeshavebeencovalentlyandnoncovalentlyfunctionalizedinanumberofwaystorenderthemsolubleinaqueousororganicsolutions15-21andtogainprecisecontrolovernanotubeorientationandlocation.TherearetwogeneralstrategiesforgainingspatialcontrolofSWNTs.Inthedirect-growthstrategy,nanotubelength,location,andorientationcanbecontrolledusingpre-patternedcatalystandchemicalvapordeposition(CVD).3,13,14,22-25Inthepost-growthstrategy,nanotubescanbealignedbyvariousmethods,includingbiomolecularrecognition,4,26manipulationbyanatomicforcemicroscope(AFM)tip,5applicationofanelectricfield27oramagneticfield,28depositiononchemicallypatterned,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,surfaces,29alignmentbygasflow,30ordip-coatingwashing.31Formanyapplicationsitisimportantthattheinherentfunctionalityofthecarbonnanotubesnotbealteredordestroyedbyhigh-temperatureCVD,covalentchemicalfunctionalizationstepsorvariousappliedfields.,IthasbeenreportedthatzincprotoporphyrinIX(ZnPP)noncovalentlybindstoSWNTsandrendersthemsolubleinDMForDMSOsolution.32Morerecently,ithasbeendiscoveredthatameso-hexadecyloxyphenyl-substitutedporphyrinisselectiveinnoncovalentlysolubilizingsemiconductingsingle-walledcarbonnanotubesinorganicsolvents.33FunctionalizationofSWNTswithporphyrinscouldsupplythenanotubeswithmanyoftheporphyrinsuniqueintrinsicproperties,suchas(electro)luminescence,photovoltaicproperties,andbiocompatibility.,WereporthereafacileapproachtononcovalentlyfunctionalizeSWNTsinaqueoussolutionwithawater-solubleionicporphyrin,meso-(tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine(H2TPPS4-).Porphyrin/SWNTsolutionsinwaterhavebeenpreparedthatarestableforweeks,withoutcovalentchemicalfunctionalizationofthetubesortheuseofsurfactants.Wehavecharacterizedtheporphyrin/SWNTsolutionswithUV-visibleabsorptionandfluorescence,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,spectroscopicmeasurementsasfunctionsofpH,whichshowthatthefreebaseformoftheporphyrinselectivelyinteractswiththenanotubesandismainlyresponsibleforsolubilizingtheminwater.TheinteractionwiththeSWNTsinhibitstheprotonationofthefreebasetothediacid.Undermildlyacidicconditions,J-aggregatesformonthenanotubes.WefoundthatthefluorescentpropertiesofthefreebaseanddiacidformsofH2TPPS4-werenotsignificantlyperturbedbythenanotubes,butthatemissionfromtheJaggregateswascompletelyquenched.Finally,thesolubilizationprocedurehasallowedustoalignSWNTs,bycombingthenanotubesfromaqueoussolutiononcleanpoly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)stamps,followedbytransferprintingofthetubesfromPDMStosiliconorglasssurfaces.,miscut,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUVvisNIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUVvisNIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUVvisNIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUVvisNIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,IdentificationoftheStructuresofSuperlongOrientedSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubeArraysbyElectrodepositionofMetalandRamanSpectroscopyJ.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130(36),11860,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,常用词汇、短语和表达方式1：timeinrecentyears(近年来）untilquiterecently（最近）inthepastdecade（近十年）duringthelast20years(近20年间）inthepreviousyears（前几年）overlastthreeyears（在过去3年中）insuccessiveyears（连续几年来）around2005（2005年前后）inthesubsequentyears（随后几年）intheearlypartofthecentury（本世纪初）inthemidtolate1990s（20世纪90年代中期到后期）inthelate19thcentury（19世纪末）Since(自从)Asearlyas1980s,aslongagoas1980s(早在.年代),化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,2:expressinterestsandimportanceTheresearchon.isofconsiderablecurrentinterestThereiscurrentinterestinWiththeincreasinginterestinOurfocusisonConsiderableeffortshavebeenputintotheTherehasbeenasteadygrowthofinterestin.Therehasbeenincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceof.Littleattentionhasbeengivento.hasreceivedagreatdealofattentionOwingtothelackof.Asurveyofliteratureindicatesthat.InapreliminarystudyofAnearlypaperreportedItwaspointedoutinanearlierstudythat.ofextensiveandintensivestudy.isasubjectofmuchconcern.isanactiveresearchfield,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,3:expressgoalAgoalofourresearchisThemainobjectiveoftheoresentpaperisToachievethisgoalInordertosolethisproblemInordertobringthisproblemtoaclearunderstanding.ThepresentpaperisanattempttounderstandTheaimofthisworkistofindout.ThepurposeofthestudyistoPaper,work,study,report,investigation,research,project,contributionaim,purpose,goal,objective,approach,attempt,propose,effort,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,Abriefsurveyof.isgiven.Anewapproachisproposedto.Thispaperdescribes.wassynthesizedusing.wasstudiedby.study,report,investigate,present,develop,discuss,show,evaluate,illustrate,determine,examine,record,describe,prepare,synthesize,separate,introduce,observe,obtain,exhibit,explore.,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,2.2.5:ExperimentalSection1:Reagentsoxidant),andotherorganicsolventswereboughtfromAldrich(reagent-grade)andusedwithoutfurtherpurification.AtypicalinsituchemicaloxidativepolymerizationforPThandSWNTPThwascarriedoutaccordingtotheschematicrepresentationinScheme1.TheroutinesynthesisoftheSWNTPThcompositeswasasfollows:100mLofaCHCl3solutioncontainingSWNTs(0.2g)wasaddedtoa500-mL,double-necked,round-bottomflaskequippedwithamagnetic,Teflon-coatedstirrer.Themixturewassonicatedfor30minatroomtemperaturetodispersetheSWNTs.FeCl3(2g)in100mLofa,JournalofPolymerScience:PartA:PolymerChemistry,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,CHCl3solutionwasaddedtothesolution,whichwasfurthersonicatedfor30minatroomtemperature.Thethiophenemonomer(1mL)with50mLofaCHCl3solutionwasplacedinthesmallportionlineofthedoubleneckedflaskandaddedgradually(dropwiseandslowly)tothesuspensionsolutionwithconstantstirring.Thereactionmixturewasstirredforanadditional24hunderthesameconditions.TheresultantSWNTPThpowderwasprecipitatedinmethanol,filteredwithaBuchnerfunnel,andthencarefullywashedwithmethanol,hydrochloricacid(0.1M),distilledwater,andacetone.Theobtainedblackpowderwasdriedunderavacuumdryeratroomtemperaturefor24h.PThwassynthesizedwithasimilarmethod,andthesamemolarratiosofmonomertodopantwereincorporatedintothepolymerization.Theinstrumentsusedinthisworkincludedanelementalanalyzer(modelFISONEA-1110,CEInstruments),afieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscope(modelS-4300,Hitachi),atransmissionelectronmicroscope(modelH-7100,Hitachi)withanacceleratingvoltageof100kV,化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流,aFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer(FTIR;IFS120HR,Bruker),alaserRamanspectrometer(modelHR800,Jobin-YvonHoriba)equippedwithaCoherentInnova90CFredargonion(Art)lase