《路由器基本配置》PPT课件.ppt

路由器的基本配置,第二章,完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务:创建一个启动或运行配置文件在全局配置模式下对路由器进行配置配置一个串口选择下载IOS文件的路径如何备份路由器的IOS文件使用setupmode对路由器进行一些基本配置,目标,下载配置文件,路由器基本配置一览,把配置文件下载到RAM改变路由器的个性化标识配置访问密码配置路由器相应的端口把配置文件保存到NVRAM,下载配置文件(10.3+及以后版本),ConsoleorTerminal,RAM,TFTPServer,configureterminal,copystartup-configrunning-config,copytftprunning-config,copytftpstartup-config,从TFTPServer下载配置文件,Router#copytftprunning-configHostornetworkconfigurationfilehost?IPaddressofremotehost55?55NameofconfigurationfileRouter-confg?P1R1.2ConfigureusingP1R1.2from55?confirmyBootingP1R1.2from55:!OK-874/16000bytesP1R1#,TFTPServer,路由器操作模式,路由器操作模式一览,用户模式用户特权模式全局配置模式,配置模式,提示符,端口Router(config-if)#子端口Router(config-subif)#控制器Router(config-controller)#终端线Router(config-line)#路由Router(config-router)#IPX-路由Router(config-ipx-router)#Route-mapRouter(config-route-map)#,如何改变路由器的标识,为路由器或具体端口配置相应的标识,配置密码,Router(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordcisco,Console密码,虚终端密码,Router(config)#linevty04Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordsanjose,Enable密码,Router(config)#enablepasswordcisco,Secret密码,Router(config)#enablesecretsanfran,Router(config)#interfacetypenumberRouter(config-if)#,端口的配置,端口类型包括serial,ethernet,tokenring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,tunnelnumber用来标识具体的端口,退出当前的端口配置模式,Router(config)#interfacetypenumberRouter(config-if)#,端口的配置(续),typeincludesserial,ethernet,tokenring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,andtunnelnumberisusedtoidentifyindividualinterfaces,showinterfaces命令,.,.,Router#showinterfaceserial1Serial1isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareiscxBusSerialDescription:56KbLineSanJose-MP:,协议正常,载波检测正常,端口状态的解释,配置一个串口,进入全局配置模式,进入具体端口配置模式,设置DCE时钟速率,设置带宽,检查DCE/DTE状态,检查所做的修改,Router#showinterfacesserial1Serial1isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisMK5025MTU1500bytes,BW56Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load9/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput0:00:00,output0:00:01,outputhangneverLastclearingofshowinterfacecountersneverOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0dropsFiveminuteinputrate1000bits/sec,0packets/secFiveminuteoutputrate2000bits/sec,0packets/sec331885packetsinput,62400237bytes,0nobufferReceived230457broadcasts,0runts,0giants3inputerrors,3CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort403591packetsoutput,66717279bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,8interfaceresets,0restarts45carriertransitions,其它端口的配置,配置TokenRing的环速率,选择以太网端口的介质类型,重新打开一个人为关闭的端口,Router#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial1Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial1,changedstatetodown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial,changedstatetoadministrativelydown,关闭一个端口,在不改变配置的情况下人为地关闭一个端口,Router#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial1Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPTOWN:InterfaceSerial,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial1,changedstatetoup,检查对路由器所做的修改(10.3+版本),Yes,Makechangesinconfigurationmodes,ExamineresultsRouter#showrunning-config,Intendedresults?,SavechangestobackupRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configRouter#copyrunning-configtftp,ExaminebackupfileRouter#showstartup-config,No,Removechanges,Noninvasivechanges:,Router(config)#no.Router#copystartrunRouter#copyTFTPrun,Router#reloadRouter#copyTFTPstartRouter#reload,Invasivechanges:,Lastresortchanges:,Router#erasestartRouter#reload,保存配置文件(10.3+版本),RAM,管理路由器配置环境,进入ROMmonitor状态,配置下载IOS文件的路径,配置寄存器设置配置寄存器的值可以改变下载路由器IOS映像文件的路径,Router#configureterminalRouter(config)#bootsystemflashIOS_filenameRouter(config)#bootsystemtftpIOS_filenametftp_addressRouter(config)#bootsystemromCtrl-ZRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-config,当在NVRAM中没找到Bootsystem命令,缺省的到flash中去找IOS,如果flash是空的,缺省的再到TFTPserver中去找IOS,Router#showversionIOS(tm)2500Software(C2500-JS-L),Version11.2(6),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1997byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledTue06-May-9716:17bykuongImagetext-base:0 x0303ED8C,data-base:0 x00001000ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version5.2(8a),RELEASESOFTWAREROM:3000BootstrapSoftware(IGS-RXBOOT),version10.2(8a),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)Routeruptimeis21hours,13minutesSystemrestartedbyreloadSystemimagefileisflash:c2500-js-l.112-6.bin,bootedviaflashConfigurationregisteris0 x2102,设置配置寄存器的值,.,配置寄存器中第0到第3bit用来指定如何下载IOS用showversion命令检查配置寄存器的值,配置寄存器,配置寄存器值,0 x0,0 x2到0 xF,0 x1,含义,启动后进入ROMmonitor状态,到NVRAM中寻找有没有bootsystem命令(0 x2为缺省值),从ROM中的IOS子集启动,多条bootsystem命令可以设定下载IOS的顺序,NVRAM中的bootsystem选项,利用网络备份一个IOS映像文件,路由器,检查服务器剩余空间,检查映像文件的命名方式,检查服务器的可达性,网络服务器,Router#showflashSystemflashdirectory:FileLengthName/status17871172c2500-js-l.112-6.bin7871236bytesused,517372available,8388608total8192KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY),察看flash的相关内容,察看flash中的剩余空间,Router#showflashSystemflashdirectory:FileLengthName/status17871172c2500-js-l.112-6.bin7871236bytesused,517372available,8388608total8192KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY),IOS映像文件名,创建一个IOS的备份文件,在更新Flash前做一个备份文件,copyflashtftp,从网络升级IOS,系统会在下载新的版本前首先抹掉旧Flash,NetworkServer,FLASH,覆盖现存的版本,对于那些新,旧映像文件版本相同的情况,网络服务器,FLASH,Router#copytftpflashIPaddressornameofremotehost55?11Nameoftftpfilenametocopyintoflash?c4500-js-l.112-6Filec4500-js-l.112-6alreadyexists;itwillbeinvalidated!Copyc4500-js-l.112-6from11intoflashmemory?confirmxxxxxxxxbytesavailableforwritingwithouterasure.eraseflashbeforewriting?confirmClearingandinitializingflashmemory(pleasewait)#.#Loadingfrom11:!(textomitted)OK-324572/524212bytesVerifyingchecksum.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV(textomitted)Flashverificationsuccessful.Length=1204637,checksum=0 x95D9,使用Setup模式配置路由器,在Setup模式中配置全局参数,Configuringglobalpa